Who is the representative of minimalist architecture? At least two! There is a biography!

(walter gropius, 1883- 1969)

Walter. Gropius is a German modern architect and architectural educator, one of the founders of modernist architectural school, and the founder of public Bauhaus school. /kloc-0 was born in Berlin on may 8th, 883, and/kloc-0 died in Boston, USA on July 5th, 969.

1903 ~ 1907 studied at Charlottenburg University of Technology in technical university of munich and Berlin. 1907 ~ 19 10 once worked in the architectural office of Berlin architect P. Baehrens. 1910 ~ 19 14 started his own business and cooperated with A. Meyer to design two of his famous works: Fagus factory and the demonstration factory and office building exhibited in1914 cologne exhibition. 19 19 served as the principal, and merged the applied arts school and Weimar Academy of Fine Arts into a public Bauhaus school, specializing in training talents in architecture and industrial daily necessities design. From 65438 to 0928, he organized le corbusier and other organizations, such as the International Association of Modern Architecture, and served as the vice president from 65438 to 65438 to 0959. During Nazi Germany, he was persecuted and expelled, and the Bauhaus school he founded was closed by the Nazis in 1932 after many twists and turns.

1934 left Germany to start a business in Britain. 65438-0937 settled in the United States and served as professor and director of the Department of Architecture of Harvard University. 1952 as an honorary professor and participated in the establishment of the school design and research institute. Gropius widely spread Bauhaus's educational views, teaching methods and modernist architectural theory in the United States, which promoted the development of modern architecture in the United States. He is also engaged in design practice in America. Initially set up an architectural firm to design houses in cooperation with students; 1945 co-founded Concord Architects, which developed into one of the largest architect-oriented design firms in the United States. After World War II, his architectural theory and practice were highly praised by architectural scholars all over the world. From 1950s to 1960s, he was awarded honorary awards, honorary membership titles and honorary degrees by architects' organizations, academic groups and universities in Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, Brazil and Australia.

Gropius actively advocates the unity of architectural design and technology, the combination of art and technology, and pays attention to function, technology and economic benefits. His architectural design pays attention to adequate lighting and ventilation, and advocates reasonable organization and layout according to the use, nature and relationship of space, and determines the minimum space according to human physiological requirements and human dimensions.

Gropes adopts mechanized mass production of building components and prefabricated buildings. He also put forward a set of theories and methods about standardization of house design and prefabricated assembly. Gropius initiated and organized the Modern Architecture Association, which spread the modernist architectural theory and played a certain role in the development of modern architectural theory. The masterpiece is New Architecture and Bauhaus, which was completed on 1965.

See also/view/view/122900.html.

2. Peter walker

Peter. Walker, one of the most influential landscape designers in the United States, is the head of the design department of Harvard University, the founder of SWA Group in the United States, and a representative of minimalist landscape design.

With the unprecedented "energy crisis" in the west, especially in the United States in the 1960s, the society became increasingly turbulent. This drastic change forces people to seriously reflect from all aspects, and artists certainly cannot stay out of it. As a result, various emerging art types appeared on the historical stage with the mission of reflecting the reality of all social strata, including minimalism.

Minimalism, also known as minimalist art, is an art category developed on the basis of early structuralism. At first, it was mainly expressed through some paintings and sculptures. Soon, minimalist art was taken by Peter? Peter walker, Martha? Martha schwartz and other avant-garde landscape architects applied them to their own design works, which caused great repercussions and disputes in the society at that time. Nowadays, with the passage of time, minimalist gardens have been more and more understood and recognized by people. Peter. Walker is one of the most influential landscape designers in America today. Because his works are strongly minimalist, they are also considered as the representatives of minimalist gardens.

No matter who sees his works, they will be moved by its simple and modern layout, classical elements, strong primitive atmosphere and mysterious atmosphere. This is Peter, too The outstanding feature of Walker's works-the silent combination of art and garden gives the works new meaning. Peter. Walker was born in Pasadena, California, USA, 1932. 1955 received a bachelor's degree in landscape design from the University of California, Berkeley. At school, he served as a famous designer Lawrence? Heilprin's company worked for some time. Undoubtedly, all this laid a good foundation for his future achievements. After graduation, he went to the graduate school of Harvard University to study for a master's degree. A year later, he and another famous designer, Sasaki? Sasaki co-founded this company, which is the predecessor of the now famous Nangang Group. 1976, Peter, feeling a little tired after finishing a lot of works in a single style? Walker decided to teach the course of landscape architecture design at Harvard University and took the post of dean (1979- 198 1). There, he met his later wife Martha? Schwartz (Martha at that time? Schwartz is still his student. Because of their common interests, the two men combined and cooperated to form Peter? Walker-Martha. Schwartz & co However, several years later, due to their great differences in design concepts, the firm was dissolved, and Walker and others successively established several firms, including William? The company that Johnson cooperated with. Now, Peter? There are objective factors for Walker to become a minimalist. When I was studying at Harvard in my early years, I was greatly influenced by the popular modernism at that time. The pursuit of modernism by contemporary tutors and seniors deeply infected Peter? Walker, he also became a loyal follower of modernism. With the deepening of the understanding of gardens, Peter? Walker began to try to combine his favorite minimalist art into garden design.

Seriously, Peter. Walker used to be an avid minimalist art lover, which became the main power source for him to use minimalist art in the future. His subsequent trip to Europe, especially the great influence of French classical gardens, strengthened his determination to apply minimalist art to garden design. After some preliminary attempts, Walker found that the effect of this combination was unexpectedly successful, and the distinctive features they reflected "lit up the dark sky like lightning". His works at that time included 1980 Nico Courtyard in cooperation with Schwartz and 1983 bernat Park. The success of the initial design attempt prompted Walker to work harder to develop his minimalist design style. Some of his works in the middle and late 1980s marked the maturity of his style, such as Donna Fountain in 1984 and the planning of IBM Solana Park, Plaza Building and downtown garden in 199 1. Among them, Donna Fountain on the campus of Harvard University is particularly typical. Located at an intersection, it is a circular stone array composed of 159 huge stones, which are embedded in the grass and arranged irregularly. There is a fog spring in the center of the stone array, and the spray of water mist permeates the cracks in the stone. Fountains change with seasons and time. In winter, the central heating system will provide steam, and people will have a strong sense of mystery when passing through or through the stone array. Donner Fountain fully demonstrated Walker's proficiency in the application of minimalism. Stonehenge originated from his study of Stonehenge in ancient England. At the same time, the simple stones are completely in harmony with the surrounding classical architectural styles, while the circular layout implies the connection between Stonehenge and the surrounding environment. Compared with its prototype: Andrew's sculpture The Garden of Stones, this work has surpassed it in content and function, so Donna Fountain is considered as Walker's typical minimalist garden work. Walker, who entered his later years, is still persistently pursuing the true meaning of design.

After entering the 1990s, Walker's works have obvious shadow of Japanese traditional gardens, which is not only the result of his interest in Japanese gardens and his research, but also reflects to some extent that minimalism is similar to some design ideas of Japanese Zen gardens: both of them advocate simplicity and nature. Of course, as a western designer, Walker mostly uses the elements of Japanese gardens: bamboo, stone, water, gravel and so on. These characteristics are mainly manifested in the design works of Japan Broadcasting and Grinding Science City, Sony Curtain Technology Center and Toyota Art Museum. The organic combination of minimalism and Japanese traditional gardens can be regarded as another major breakthrough of Walker's design thought. Peter. As a famous landscape architect, Walker has designed countless masterpieces for decades, so he has won many important awards, including the ASLA Design Award. In addition, he also published two books, Minimalist Garden and Invisible Garden, detailing his design ideas. As a minimalist, we should pay enough attention to him, which not only helps us better understand his minimalist garden works, but also has important reference significance for the application of other art categories in garden design.

When you walk in Walker's minimalist garden, do you think of the famous architect Smith? Where is it? Rod's famous saying: "Less is more"-concise forms often contain deeper meanings.