Introduction process of imported apples from Jinshu

/kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, the sea ban was opened, a large number of western cultures were imported, and the exchange of fruit tree resources became more frequent.

Apple trees were also introduced.

1, Introduction of Early Apple

There are many ways to introduce apples in the early stage.

Shandong is the earliest. According to Yantai local chronicles, John Neves, a member of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, wrote in 186 1 year (John

Length Nevius) was sent by Presbyterian Church from Shanghai to Dengzhou (now Penglai) in Shandong Province.

He returned to America on 1864 because his wife was ill.

When Mr. and Mrs. Ni returned to Yantai in 187 1, they brought western apples, pears, American grapes, European plums and sweet cherries and planted them in the southeast foothills of Yuhuangding, Yantai, and named them "Guangxing Orchard".

2. Introduction and production of apples in the first half of 20th century.

At the beginning of the 20th century, apples in Liaoning and Shandong developed rapidly.

1909 The largest apple orchard in Lushun (later renamed Lushun Farm) includes 96 Guoguang and 550 Japanese tapestries.

After the Russo-Japanese War, after the lease rights of Lushun and Dalian were transferred, a nursery was established in Xiong Yue on 1909 (19 13 was changed into an agricultural experimental field), and then some main varieties were introduced, including red sunflower, Zhuguang and XuHe Guoguang. In1910; During the period of1914-1921year, three varieties such as Yuyue were introduced.

3. Apple production recovery period

From 1950- 1952, the state has adopted a series of rest and recuperation policies to support agricultural production, give interest-free loans to fruit tree production, and reduce fruit tax. At the same time, technical guidance institutions for fruit trees were established in key fruit areas, and fruit marketing was organized through supply and marketing cooperatives, which increased the income of fruit farmers and promoted the recovery of fruit industry.

In the old apple producing areas, the remaining old apple trees were quickly restored, the main pests and diseases were effectively controlled, and the first batch of state-owned horticultural farms (mainly northern apples) began to be established, and the output rebounded rapidly.

4. The rise of apple industry in 1950s and 1960s.

Since 1953, the movement of mutual assistance and cooperation in rural areas of China has greatly stimulated farmers' enthusiasm for developing production. 1955, the Ministry of Agriculture put forward the idea of "focusing on mutual assistance and cooperation, vigorously improving the yield and quality of existing fruit trees, and actively reclaiming new orchards in mountainous areas and barren hills in a planned way". All new orchards will be exempted from agricultural tax, and the purchase and sale work will be improved accordingly.

5, the establishment and development of commodity base

Since 1985, due to the quick return of apple investment and high benefit, all other regions except Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hainan and Shanghai have taken the development of apple production as an important means to develop mountainous areas, get rid of poverty or accumulate funds to support agricultural production, especially in Shaanxi Province, where 25 high-quality apple base counties have been established, and varieties such as Qin Guan and Fuji have absolute advantages and output.

From 1992, the annual output reached 8.429× 105t, second only to Shandong and Liaoning.

1993 surpassed Liaoning and ranked second in the country.

Area and output of provinces in China from 65438 to 0995.

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