Huang Chao: a heavy blow to accelerate the demise of the Tang Dynasty

Huang Chao: a heavy blow to accelerate the demise of the Tang Dynasty

Introduction to Huang Chao Uprising: Huang Chao Uprising is a very important peasant uprising in China history, a continuation of Wang Xianzhi Uprising, and the largest peasant uprising in the history of Tang Dynasty, which directly attacked the decadent rule of the Tang government and the feudal supreme ruler, led to the great decline of national strength in the late Tang Dynasty and accelerated the demise of the Tang Dynasty.

At the end of 874 AD, Wang Xianzhi raised the banner of peasant uprising in Changyuan. Within a few days, thousands of people responded. Huang Chao was overjoyed when he heard the news. He immediately led eight people, including smugglers, brothers, sons and nephews, Huang Pai and Huang Enye, to rise up in unjust imprisonment (now southwest of Heze City, Shandong Province) and respond to Wang Xianzhi. The uprising team grew to thousands in ten days. After Cao Zhou and Wang Xianzhi joined forces, the two armies merged, with a strength of 10,000.

Huang Chao is not only upright and upright, ambitious, but also has the ability of military command. Huang Chao Army initially attacked Yizhou (now Linyi, Shandong Province) eastward. He turned to attack Henan, captured eight counties such as Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) and Tancheng (now jia county City, Henan Province), advanced on Ruzhou, and directed at Luoyang, the eastern capital. Wang Tie is a subordinate and cousin of Prime Minister Wang Duo. He wrote a letter to Pei Mao, the secretariat, expressing his willingness to accept "woo". At the end of the same year, Pei Mao lured Zuo Liuya into the position of supervising the country. Huang Chao was firmly opposed to this. He cursed Wang Xianzhi and said, "At first, I made a great oath with you to manage the world. Now that you have taken the official position alone, where will these more than 5,000 people go? " (Zi Tong Zhi Jian, Volume 252). Then Huang Chao hit Wang Xianzhi on the head with a stick, which caused his head to be broken, and his crowd made a lot of noise. In February of the fifth year of Tang Ganfu (AD 878), he was defeated in Huangmei (now northwest of Huangmei, Hubei) and was beheaded. The rest went to Bozhou (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province) to take refuge in Huang Chao, promoted Huang Chao to Huang Wang, and claimed to be "the general in the sky", and moved to the Huanghuai Valley and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

From Huang Chao and the split to August of the first year of Guangming (AD 880), Chao defeated Cao Quansheng and adopted flexible and diverse strategies and tactics. All the way to the mountain, bridge the water, Lien Chan's winning streak, invincible, successfully crossed the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River. The situation in Huaibei was urgent, and Gao Pian, the magistrate of Yangzhou, was awed by its power, so he stayed in Yangzhou to save his strength, and all counties succumbed to the wind. In October, Huang Chao captured Shenzhou (now Xinyang, Henan) and entered Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan), Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and Yanzhou (now Yanzhou, Shandong). In November, Huang Chao went to Ruzhou, and on the 17th, Luoyang, the eastern capital, was captured, matching Chang 'an. In May of 88 1 year, he and his eunuch Tian fled to Chengdu, Sichuan. Liu stayed and led officials to meet him; After more than ten days, he marched west from Luoyang, only fighting for six days. On the third day of December, Tongguan (now northeast of Tongguan, Shaanxi Province) was captured, and on the fourth day, Huazhou (hua county, Shaanxi Province) was captured, and finally it was the king.

In the first year of Zhonghe (AD 88 1 year), Huang Chao's army entered Chang 'an, and General Zhang Zhifang of Jinwu led a crowd to welcome Huang Chao's army into the city. In November of the first year of Guangming (88 1 year 1 year1year), it was established in Hanyuan Temple, and the Daqi regime was established, with the title of Golden Boy.

At this time, although Tang Gaozong fled his hometown, Huang Chao only enjoyed the rule of Wang Anwen for four months in Chang 'an, and was surrounded by hundreds of troops of our time guards Zheng Yi and Cheng Zongchu in the Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao had no choice but to quit Chang 'an. In 884 AD, Huang Chao attacked Chen Zhou, was surrounded by Tang Jun, and could not break through, so he drew his sword and committed suicide. After Huang Chao's death, Huang Chao led the remnants to flee and became a "rogue army". When Zhao Zongtian attacked Hunan in his early years, he was almost killed by local tyrant Deng in Xiangyin. At this point, the all-powerful peasant uprising army in Huang Chao in the late Tang Dynasty ended in failure, leaving endless grief for future generations.

Huang Chao was born in a salt merchant family. He is good at riding and shooting, good at pen and ink, and poetic. When Huang Chao was five years old, his grandfather asked him to write poems for chrysanthemums. Huang Chao thought for a long time and said, "If a hundred flowers are the first poem, wearing yellow clothes is a godsend." Chao Fu accused him of arrogance and wanted to hit Huang Chao. Huang Chao's grandfather said: "Sun Shineng, but I don't know the weight, I can give another one." Huang Chao vowed, without thinking, is enough to illustrate the problem. The poem says: "The rustling west wind is planted all over the courtyard, but the cold butterfly is hard to come. If I were Di Qing in another year, I would report to Taohua. From this point of view, Huang Chao was ambitious and heroic from an early age, which was different from ordinary people.