Three summaries of surveying training

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1. Purpose and requirements

The purpose and requirements of this internship are to be proficient in the use of commonly used measuring instruments (levels, theodolite) and to be familiar with the entire site Master the use of instruments and master the observation and calculation methods of wire control network layout, fragment measurement and level measurement. After distributing the instruments, we conducted internships in groups. The plane control survey is first carried out, and the group that defines the survey area in the school lays out the plane control network by itself, and then carries out partial measurements and leveling measurements. The level points are selected on the side of the road (do not select the points in the middle of the road to avoid traffic accidents). After the points are determined, mark and number them. The leveling measurement adopts the middle wire reading method, and the number of observation stations is an even number.

2. Use of level

1: Place the instrument 2: Rough leveling 3: Aim at the level 4: Precise leveling 5: Reading

In peacetime In my daily study, I have already practiced the use of the DS3 level. The level used this time is an automatic leveling level, which is more advanced than the ones I tried before. It saves the need for precise leveling operations for each reading, so that Each of our observations can be completed smoothly and quickly, which greatly improves our measurement speed. In this internship, we used closed horizontal line measurement. In this first internship, we encountered many problems. For example: in the school, some of our points are set up on the main road with a large flow of people in order to provide visibility. The passing pedestrians directly affect the normal progress of our measurements; it is now the severe winter, and the cold weather not only affects the performance of the instrument. The readings also tested the endurance of our classmates. But during the measurement process, we continued to look for suitable opportunities with a calm mind, and used a strong will to understand the test of the cold wind. When inspecting the measured data, we must resolve any errors immediately and rework if the reading results exceed the limit. We also find that the measurement work generally faithfully reflects the measurement and calculation processes and results on the prescribed record form. There is a calculation check, ∑a-∑b=∑h, which only shows that the calculation is correct, but does not reflect the quality of the measurement results. After the field measurement is completed, the height difference closure difference is calculated and adjusted within the allowable range of the tolerance, that is, based on the length of the leveling route or the number of measuring stations. If the tolerance is exceeded, the measurement must be repeated until it is qualified.

3. The use of theodolite

The horizontal angle measurement in wire measurement is very demanding for us. We use J2 and J6 types and electronic theodolite. Since we had less exposure to theodolite in our daily study, teacher Zhou Xinli gave us a detailed explanation. Due to the high accuracy of theodolite, this requires us to always adhere to a rigorous style of work and not be careless about every detail. At each station, face left and right readings must be taken to check whether the data of the first measurement exceeds the limit. If it exceeds the limit, the test will be retested immediately until the tolerance is met before entering the next station. In order to avoid large errors during the internship, we have also summarized a lot of experience. For example, we use the method of averaging the face left and face right observations, which can eliminate the eccentric error of the sighting part, the sight axis is not perpendicular to the horizontal axis, and the horizontal axis. Residual error where the axis is not perpendicular to the vertical axis. Another example is that when observing the angle at the end point of the short side, special attention should be paid to the centering. When aiming at the target, try to aim at the bottom of the target, because their influence on the angle measurement is proportional to the distance. In order to eliminate the marking error of the dial, the position of the dial needs to be configured, and the configuration is performed after each measurement round. The main problems we encounter when measuring angles are the sinking of the instrument and the influence of pedestrians on the roadside. Since the points chosen when making conductors are far away and beside the road, passing vehicles and pedestrians will cause great interference. Aiming at the point requires great patience and the ability to seize any opportunity. In order to avoid interference from pedestrians and vehicles, we go out early every day, so we must seize the time to do it when there are few people. During the angle measurement process, we all saw the rigorous style of the students during the internship process: in the cold wind, our rulers can be perseverant and unwavering, even when the light is bad and the wind is strong. Under the weather conditions, our observers can endure the cold wind and use plumb bobs to achieve strict alignment, and the recorders and accountants can make mistakes in the data department.

IV. The use of total stations

In modern engineering surveying, total stations are increasingly used. Therefore, it is very necessary for civil engineering students in colleges and universities to learn to use a total station. Total stations are relatively simpler to operate and more powerful, including distance and angle, and can directly calculate coordinates. During this internship, we mainly used the basic measurement (distance, angle, coordinates), stakeout and field collection point functions of the entire station. The use of a total station is similar to that of an electronic theodolite. It mainly uses a keyboard for human-machine dialogue. The total station is used in conjunction with a prism. The data collected by the total station can be directly imported into the computer. One of our teams used this method to map a small area.

5. Internship understanding

Through this measurement internship, I learned a lot, such as becoming more proficient in the operation of instruments, strengthening my understanding and mastery of the knowledge I have learned, and very The ability to use hands and brain is greatly improved. After reading the book, I finally realized that it was shallow, and I knew that I had to practice this matter.

In the internship, you are faced with real tasks, and there is no room for shirking or escaping. Field work does not give you time to go back and read books. Everything must be solved on the spot. Therefore, this made me deeply understand the importance of theoretical knowledge. In future studies, I must sort out and review the theoretical knowledge I have learned with peace of mind, so that there are gaps in my mind and it is clear at a glance. Laying a solid foundation for future actual work. During this internship, I once again realized the importance of the team spirit of the internship: everyone's carelessness and carelessness may directly affect the progress of the project, and even bring about lifelong consequences. irreparable losses. A measurement internship must be completed completely. It is not enough to rely on the strength and ideas of one person. Only the cooperation and unity of the group can complete the internship quickly and efficiently. This measurement internship has cultivated the division of labor and cooperation in our group. potential, improved the tacit understanding of the members of our group, and enhanced the relationship between classmates. Each group is like a big family. When encountering problems, everyone will use their wisdom to solve them together. Although sometimes we will quarrel with everyone because of some of our own ideas during the internship, everyone is thinking about completing this time. The internship was completed even more perfectly. In future studies, internships, and work, I will continue to improve my professional potential while learning to live in harmony with my peers and learn to be tolerant. The topographic survey internship ended in this way. Looking back at it now, the harvest is not small. At the same time, we experienced the hardships of the test meeting outside the industry and the patience of the inside industry. It also made me understand that to do something well, we must have firm belief and determination to win. It also made us understand the importance of team work. importance. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the protection of the instrument during measurement. Thank you to the school for giving us this internship opportunity, allowing us to experience reality and experience life. This measurement internship will definitely be of great help to our future participation in society, and will lay a good foundation for us to complete subsequent related courses and gain employment in the society.

5. Lessons learned

Of course, there are a lot of bitterness and difficulties behind success. I have summarized some lessons learned during the internship. For example, whether the instrument is precisely level will have a certain impact on the error of the experimental data; if it is a closed level measurement and horizontal angle measurement, the closing error needs to be checked. If the error exceeds the tolerance, the measurement must be re-measured; and it is also very important that the cooperation of the team members is very important. Importantly, having a good internship atmosphere and working environment is an important guarantee for the successful completion of the internship.

There is still a long way to go, and this internship is just the beginning. In the future, whether in internship or at work, we must maintain a rigorous work attitude and gradually establish industry spirit. We must constantly summarize experiences and lessons, constantly improve our professional skills, make ourselves more perfect, and truly realize our own value in life.

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My major in university is construction engineering. In the continuous learning, I feel my own shortcomings. I need more internships to supplement my knowledge. Find more ways to learn during the internship. These are the things we have to do well. Only through continuous internship can we learn more. I hope to be able to do this during my internship:

(1) Purpose of internship

(1) Through the exercise of completing practical tasks of control measurement, improve the planning, organization and management ability to independently engage in surveying and mapping work, and cultivate good quality and Professional ethics.

(2) Be familiar with the working principles of levels and theodolite.

(3) Consolidate classroom teaching knowledge, deepen the understanding of the basic theory of control measurement, be able to use relevant theories to guide homework practice, achieve the unity of theory and practice, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems. , thus obtaining a practical application of the basic information of control surveying, further consolidating and deepening the knowledge learned.

(4) Through internship, familiarize yourself with and master the operating procedures and measurement methods of third- and fourth-level control measurements. (5) Master the basic skills of using measurement adjustment theory to process and control measurement results.

(2) Preface

Since June 16, we have conducted a 14-day engineering survey internship. The content of this internship is the practical implementation of engineering surveying knowledge. The requirement of the internship is to enable every student to have a basic grasp of the actual operation of engineering surveying. Compared with previous classroom internships, this internship is more concentrated in time, has more extensive information, and more systematic procedures. It is completely based on the actual control and measurement production, and deepens the further understanding, mastery and comprehensive application of book knowledge. It is a way to cultivate our theory and practice. , independent working ability, ability to comprehensively analyze and solve problems, organizational management ability and other qualities. It is also a concrete, vivid and comprehensive technical practice activity.

On the first day of the internship, Teacher Liu Guodong gave us a mobilization for the internship. At the mobilization meeting, Teacher Liu emphasized the importance of this internship and analyzed the difficulties caused by factors such as complex geographical conditions and dense buildings. He also encouraged students to work hard to overcome difficulties and complete this internship. They also explained the precautions for instrument operation and relocation, and were required to keep their own internship supplies during the internship. The instruments that need to be used in this internship mainly include levels, leveling rods, tripods, and theodolite. We officially started the outdoor measurement work that day.

(3) Internship recommendations

The two-week engineering surveying study has ended. Through this internship, I deeply understood the importance of integrating theory with practice. The measurement area is around the Student Activity Center of Jiaotong University in Shuangfu New District, Chongqing City. Because the floor plan to be drawn is relatively large, in order to complete the task as quickly as possible, our team worked overtime on Saturdays and Sundays to measure. During the measurement process, we did not feel Even though I am tired, I don’t feel hard, but I am still enjoying myself.

Surveying is first of all a precise work. Through the study of surveying in the classroom during school, I formed a basic and theoretical outline of surveying in my mind, and the internship The purpose is to connect these theories with practical engineering. Surveying is the science of studying the shape and size of the earth and the positions of ground points. In essence, the main task of surveying is to determine the position of ground targets in three-dimensional space and their changes over time. In the information society, the role of surveying is becoming increasingly important. As the basis of the earth information system, surveying results provide the most basic spatial location information. The construction of information highways, basic geographic information systems, and various thematic and professional geographic information systems all urgently require the establishment of unified standards and sharable measurement databases and measurement results information systems. Therefore, surveying has become the most reliable and accurate means to obtain and update basic geographical information. There are many classifications of surveying, such as general surveying, geodesy, photogrammetry, and engineering surveying. As students of construction engineering, we learn all aspects of surveying. The basics of surveying and mapping are the basis of these professional knowledge.

(4) Internship Summary

Through this internship, I learned the actual potential of measurement and the endurance to deal with difficulties; I also learned the unity and tacit understanding between the group , and also exercised a lot of my surveying and mapping abilities.

1. In addition to being familiar with the use of instruments and understanding the sources of errors and reduction measures, you should also master a set of scientific measurement methods, and follow certain measurement principles during measurement, such as: "From the overall perspective The working principles of "from the top to the bottom", "first control and then the bottom", "from high to low", and to achieve "step by step inspection". Doing so can not only prevent the accumulation of errors and detect errors in time, but also improve the efficiency of measurement. Through practice, I really learned a lot of real things, such as becoming more proficient in the operation and leveling of measuring instruments, and learned things that cannot be done in the classroom such as the drawing of digital topographic maps and the measurement of parts. Improved hands-on and brain-using abilities.

Second, be familiar with the uses of levels and theodolite, be proficient in various methods of using levels and theodolite, and master the inspection and calibration methods of the instruments.

3. In the process of checking and correcting the data, we understand the sources of various measurement errors, which mainly include three aspects: instrument error (determined by the instrument itself, which is an objective source of error), observation Error (caused by the technical level of personnel, which is a source of subjective error), external influence error (which is affected by external factors such as temperature, atmospheric refraction, etc., and these factors are constantly changing and difficult to control, which is a source of variable error). After understanding how to avoid errors in measurement results and minimize measurement errors, we must do the following: (1) When selecting instruments, select appropriate instruments with higher precision.

(2) Improve your own measurement level and reduce the error level.

(3) Errors are reduced through various mathematical methods for processing data, such as: temperature correction in distance measurement, ruler length correction, averaging of multiple measurements, etc.

This internship gave me a good overall feeling because I learned a lot. No matter what kind of internship it is, as long as I can find different learning methods and internship paths, and keep working hard during the internship, I will definitely learn a lot. I believe I can do this well. In fact, internships are really good. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of the benefits and are still having fun. I am very sorry. I will do my best!

Three

During the two weeks of measurement internship, I got a more comprehensive and systematic exercise, and also learned a lot of what I learned in books. knowledge and skills.

Through this measurement internship, I learned a lot of real things, a lot of knowledge that is impossible to learn in textbooks. In practical operations, we consolidate, expand and deepen the theoretical knowledge we learned in class. I am also more proficient in the operation of levels and theodolite, and my familiarity with drawings has also been greatly improved. I have gained some valuable experience and important skills in practical measurement work. We have further become proficient in the operating skills of measuring instruments, improved our ability to perform quick calculations and drawings, and cultivated our work ability in some small details. This knowledge is often something I seldom come into contact with or pay attention to in school, but it is very important and very basic knowledge. This accumulated a lot of experience and enabled me to learn a lot of practical knowledge. The internship not only cultivated our independent working ability, but also exerted our teamwork spirit. The measurement work cannot be completed by one person. Only by uniting and cooperating with classmates can the measurement work be completed quickly and efficiently.

I have summed up some experiences during this measurement internship

First: We learned the actual potential of measurement, have more endurance to deal with difficulties, and also realized that The importance of group unity and the steps to measure it. In the process of checking and correcting the data, we understood the sources of various measurement errors, which mainly include three aspects: instrument error, external influence error (such as temperature, atmospheric refraction, etc.), and observation error. Understand how to avoid errors in measurement results and minimize the occurrence of errors, that is, select appropriate instruments with higher accuracy when selecting instruments. 1. Improve your own measurement level and reduce errors. 2. Reduce errors through various mathematical methods for processing data, such as averaging multiple measurements.

Second, you should master a set of scientific measurement methods, and follow certain measurement principles during measurement, such as "from the whole to the parts", "control first and then break down the steps", and "from high level to low level" work principles and ensure step-by-step inspection. Doing so can not only prevent the accumulation of errors and detect errors in time, but also improve the efficiency of measurement.

During the third measurement process, we noticed: (1) When erecting the ruler, the ruler should be upright and try to avoid shaking. If there is shaking, the time when the data is smallest should be selected for reading. The bubbles in the field of view must be leveled (the lines on both sides coincide) before reading, otherwise the error will be large. (2) You must pay attention when measuring, because if you touch the instrument slightly, you need to readjust the alignment level, otherwise it will cause data errors. (3) Be careful when reading data. You must read accurately and decisively. You must not hesitate. Any mistake may lead to the scrapping of the final result. (4) It is very important to select points. Points must be selected in representative places. At the same time, it should be noted that the more points, the better. On the contrary, selecting too many useless points will not only increase the labor and cost of measurement, calculation and drawing. time, and will cause larger errors due to too many points and clutter. (5) Determine the roads and main buildings first, and then add other minor aspects. This will not only make the structure clear, but also facilitate the accuracy of the drawing and allow you to compare objects and graphics at any time to verify the accuracy of the measurement data. We also need to be well aware of the measured range to avoid missing or re-testing. (6) The calculation must be completed by at least two people, one preliminary calculation, one inspection, and repeated inspections to minimize the error.

The fourth measurement emphasizes that practice makes perfect. In this measurement, my main work was the ruler and point collection. When I first started doing part measurement, due to my unfamiliarity with the point collection work, I often neglected or repeated the part points that affected the progress of the drawing, thus affecting the efficiency of the group. But after many operations, I gradually became familiar with this work, and I could understand the detailed points that needed to be measured without looking at the drawings. From this, I also understood that if I engage in measurement work again in the future, I must be familiar with the instruments used in advance, which will greatly improve work efficiency.

Fifth, we must strive to seek truth from facts in everything we do. At first, when we were measuring the parts, we had to keep repeating the same actions for those parts, so we felt it was a bit cumbersome. Then we had the idea of ????falsifying some data, but later we found that these parts were drawn on the drawings. The location was completely inconsistent with the actual situation. After discovering this, our team had to retest. Through this, I realized that everything should be taken seriously without any falsehood.

Sixth, during the measurement we encountered various troubles in applying theoretical knowledge to practice, but we all solved them successfully. This not only exercises our ability to solve difficulties alone, but also condenses It gives us the potential to have peace of mind when we are working for nothing.

Although the two-week internship ended like this, the experience and happiness it left me are endless. "What you learn on paper is only shallow in the end." This surveying internship allowed me to increase my understanding of civil engineering, gain a deeper understanding of the knowledge learned in textbooks, and learn too many valuable experiences that cannot be learned in books. First of all, it allowed me to become more proficient in the operation of instruments and the steps and processes of measurement. Secondly, it made me feel the power of group cooperation, the importance of unity, and the spirit of unity during measurement. This reflects that when we enter social work in the future, the spirit of unity and cooperation is also very important. It can < /p>

Let us get things done better and improve our efficiency even more. Once again, everyone worked hard and accomplished the tasks set every day without complaint. Finally, I would like to thank the school for bringing this internship practice class, allowing us to have such a good learning environment. I would also like to thank my teachers for their guidance, which made us understand a lot. Not only did we learn professional knowledge, It also improved my hard-working and united spirit. What I saw and heard during the internship further inspired my love and yearning for civil engineering. I also deeply realized that to make a difference in this industry, I must put in more efforts, not only in theory, but also in practice. During the actual application, I also deeply realized the responsibility. I hope that through my own efforts, I can solidly learn professional knowledge and lay a good foundation for becoming an outstanding engineer in the future.