The harm of X-rays to human body? How long does it stay in the human body?

X-ray is an electromagnetic radiation wave produced by high-speed electrons hitting material atoms, which is the property of light. There is no residue of medical X-ray in human body.

X-rays are short-wave electromagnetic radiation between ultraviolet rays and gamma rays. It was discovered by German physicist W.K. Roentgen in 1895, so it is also called Roentgen ray. Roentgen rays have high penetrating power and can penetrate many substances that are opaque to visible light.

X-rays, like visible light, can make films sensitive. The sensitivity of film is directly proportional to the amount of X-rays. When X-rays pass through the human body, the absorption of X-rays is different due to the different tissue density of the human body, and the sensitivity obtained on the film is also different, thus obtaining X-ray images.

▲X-ray diagnosis (radiography, chest X-ray, CT, CR, DR)

Human soft tissues are composed of finer atoms, and bones contain more calcium ions, so bones attract more X-rays than soft tissues. Therefore, X-rays can be used to examine human structures.

X-ray is mainly used to detect bone lesions, but it is also very useful to detect soft tissue lesions. A common example is chest X-ray, which is used to diagnose lung diseases, such as pneumonia, lung cancer or emphysema.

With the help of computer, people can synthesize X-ray images from different angles into three-dimensional images, which are often used in medical computed tomography (CT scanning).

Exposure to X-rays in early pregnancy, if it exceeds the tolerance limit of the fetus, may lead to embryo death, fetal malformation and brain dysplasia, and increase the risk of cancer in the future.

X-ray examination is harmful to human body. The more rays you take, the greater the risk of cancer.

Chest x-ray, dozens of times as much as chest x-ray, is very harmful to the body and has the risk of cancer-causing gene mutation.

Although most patients know that radiation is harmful to health, they all think that its harm is minimal. In order to treat diseases, X-rays are taken in hospitals, while some hospitals "generate income" in this way for the benefit.

X-ray and CT examination. This radiation can penetrate cells, destroy DNA and even induce some cancer cells. X-rays will destroy the internal structure of cells and cause lifelong damage to genetic molecules. X-rays will destroy red blood cells and white blood cells, which may induce leukemia and other blood diseases.

Although X-ray contains harmful radiation, as a necessary medical means, X-ray examination is widely used in China.

In Japan, where X-ray and CT examinations are very common, 3.2% of new cancer cases are caused by these two examinations every year.

Of the 6.5438+0.8 million cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the United States every year, about 2/3 are related to medical X-rays.

At present, most developed countries such as the United States and Japan have cancelled chest X-ray examination. Among the few countries that use it, the frequency of use in Britain is only 0.2%, while that in China is as high as 6 1.8%!

▲X-ray therapy (radiotherapy)

X-ray is a powerful weapon for mankind to overcome many diseases. When X-rays with different energies are used to irradiate the diseased cells of human body, the irradiated cells are destroyed or inhibited, which is the purpose of treating some diseases, especially tumors, but at the same time, the normal cells of human body are also destroyed, leading to hair loss and skin burns.

▲ In 2003, the Basic Standard for the Safety of Ionizing Radiation and Radiation Sources (GB18871-2002+0-2002) issued by People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulated that "fluoroscopy should be avoided in the screening and general survey of X-ray diagnosis".

China's and international radiation health protection standards for children also clearly stipulate that "routine examination of the lungs cannot be used as a routine examination item for children and adolescents.

Annual physical examination questions.

Every year, none of the children's entrance examination, students' entrance examination, employment examination and physical examination can leave the X-ray chest X-ray. Especially for people living in cities with better economic conditions, "chest X-ray" has become a "reserved item" for physical examination, which has long been abandoned abroad.

▲X-rays are energy waves. Because X-rays have great energy and penetrating power, these energies can destroy the DNA of cells, that is, genes. When the gene is destroyed, there will be problems in protein synthesis, so there will be variation. If there is too much variation, it is cancer.

▲ Stem cells in bone marrow can make thousands of red blood cells and white blood cells every day. Excessive X-ray irradiation will produce too many damaged red blood cells, hinder other work of bone marrow, reduce the function of bone marrow to produce other blood cells, and form leukemia.

Generally, the radiation dose of X-ray examination of limbs is 0.0 1 msv, 0.54 msv for abdomen, 0.66 msv for pelvis,10.4 msv for lumbar spine and 2.55 msv for upper digestive tract. Based on this calculation, the risk of cancer in healthy people due to physical examination is between one in ten thousand and one in one in one hundred thousand.

Radiological examinations that can be omitted should be omitted as far as possible, and unreasonable medical irradiation should be rejected.

One or two exposures will not affect human health. When doing the examination, the dose used for X-ray fluoroscopy and photography is very small, only within the safe dose. In particular, occasional chest x-ray, gastrointestinal examination, bone X-ray or angiography will not cause adverse reactions.

Cathode tube TV and computer monitor have X-ray radiation, so don't watch TV and computer at close range for a long time.