The Application of Naxi Culture in Banyan Tree Lijiang Hotel

The Naxi people in China mainly live in Old Town of Lijiang, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County of Weixi, Shangri-La (Zhongdian), ninglang county, Yongsheng County, Yanyuan County, Muli County of Sichuan Province and Yanjing Town of Mangkang County of Xizang Autonomous Region. The current population is 324,679.

Religious culture

Dongba religion is a unique religion of Naxi nationality. Dongba culture is named after its preservation in Dongba religion. It mainly includes Dongba characters, Dongba scriptures, Dongba paintings, Dongba music, Dongba dances, Dongba musical instruments and various sacrificial ceremonies.

Naxi people used to believe in Dongba religion, Lamaism and natural gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and water, and recorded the years with the lunar calendar. Many festivals, such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are almost the same as those of the local Han people, among which the Spring Festival is the largest traditional festival, accompanied by many sacrificial activities.

At that time, every family had to kill pigs, make sour liver and brew rice wine. On New Year's Eve, we will kill chickens and stew pig's heads to worship the kitchen god and ancestors. When eating, if someone at home goes out, bowls and chopsticks should also be placed on the dining table to show family reunion.

Meat food is not allowed for breakfast on the first day. The next day, we began to visit relatives and friends, pay New Year greetings to each other, invite people to dinner, and give each other gifts such as brown sugar, red cakes and snacks.

The most solemn ceremony is "Naxi Sacrifice to Heaven", which is usually held in the first month or the middle of the first month. At that time, it is necessary to choose a sacrifice site, and Dongba believers (villages without palms, choose respected old people) will be priests and slaughter the pigs in turn. Every household should donate barley and wheat to make wine and bait.

Before the sacrifice, clean the site and build a shed.

In daily life

Naxi people attach great importance to credit and loyalty. They generally don't care about the mistakes made by guests because they don't understand the customs and manners of Naxi people, but they attach great importance to equality and credit. Therefore, it is best to communicate with Naxi people directly and explain what they want, and don't deceive them. In an ordinary house, most people like to entertain guests under the eaves gallery during the day and in the main room at night. If it's in a log cabin, it's by the fireplace. Although there is no strict seat division, but pay attention to respecting the elderly and loving the young, men and women are different. For example, on the dining table or beside the fireplace, it is called "Eight Big" or "Gegelu", which is the priority seat for the elderly. Therefore, as long as Naxi people have old people at home, even if the host invites them, they should give the top eight to the old people. When eating, the elderly and elders should take their seats first, and they should not take the initiative to occupy seats. If an old man comes in, the young man should get up and give up his seat and say hello. Don't cross your legs when there are old people. Sit up straight when meeting guests and eating occasions, avoid making noise, guessing and ordering food, and don't step on the table rail. When the host is toasting, smoking and eating, he should touch his hand to express his gratitude. When eating, don't put chopsticks upright in the rice (because putting chopsticks in the rice will only appear when the dead burn incense), don't knock chopsticks, don't turn over the dishes, and don't pick up the dishes one after another. Generally, you should ask others to move chopsticks together, first take it once, stop for a while, take a bite and then take the second chopsticks. Pay attention to economy and don't waste food. Don't leave leftovers at the bottom of the bowl. If you sit on a two-person stool, you are not allowed to enter the girl's "greenhouse" at will in Lugu Lake area, and don't ask about "xia". The ashes in the stove can't be turned over. When offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and the god of war, outsiders are forbidden to watch. Avoid crossing the "ground" stone and "color" stone standing at the gate, and avoid crossing the fire pit. Young people are not allowed to take off their shoes and dry their feet by the fire pit. When you warm yourself by the fire pit, you will hear "fire laughter" to add firewood, which means adding wealth and making a fortune. Don't sit on the threshold, eat on the eaves and by the stove, and don't cut things on the threshold with a knife and axe. Love songs are not allowed at home, and children are not allowed to play with sticks or charcoal heads that are not extinguished. One is danger, and the other is that they are said to have nightmares. My father-in-law is not allowed to enter my daughter-in-law's bedroom. When someone goes out for a long trip or doing business, they can't sweep the floor with the people who go out, and they can't sweep the floor after sunset. Guests are not allowed to sweep the floor. Don't close the door immediately when the guests leave, but send them to the door. Women's underwear should not be aired in public, and pants and skirts should not be aired above the passage where the owner enters and exits. Avoid wearing a hat and carry a hoe into the kitchen. Make a fire and go home at night. Don't light the fire inside. Go home at night, advance to the fire pond house, and avoid the bedroom. Don't talk about dreams at night in the morning. Pregnant women can't climb fruit-bearing trees or cross reins or fishing rods. Avoid eating meat without blood. It is forbidden to pollute water sources and cut down water source forests. Avoid backhand to add rice and water to people. Avoid drinking leftover wine and tea that others have drunk. Participants in the "Sacrifice to Heaven" or "Three Festivals" should wash their hands in advance and cross the fireworks lit by branches such as azaleas to show decontamination.

Dietary customs

Naxi people eat three meals a day. Generally, we have steamed bread or boiled Baba for breakfast, while Chinese food and dinner are rich, including one or two kinds of stir-fry, pickles and soup. Especially Hui beef soup pot and dry bar. There are many kinds of vegetables in both plain and mountainous areas, and they should be on the market at four o'clock. Potatoes, cucumbers and melon beans are widely planted in mountainous areas, and various famous dishes with local characteristics are made. Such as: steamed Cordyceps duck, shellfish hen, Tianma chicken, etc. Among them, the traditional dish of Naxi nationality "Fermented Tricholoma matsutake" is a special dish made of Tricholoma matsutake cover, filled with minced meat and steamed as a sacrifice, especially for ancestors to eat.

The meat quality is mainly pork, and pork is mostly made into bacon, especially the pipa pigs in Lijiang and Yongning, which can be preserved for several years to more than ten years without deterioration. Take Baba or Baba Temple with you when you go out to work. Sit around the table when eating, and like to move to a sunny place to eat in winter.

Typical foods are: Lijiang ham Baba, linen, Saussurea involucrata, beginning of spring copper hotpot, etc.

Dress

The clothing of Naxi men in Lijiang area is the same as that of the local Han nationality. Wear sheepskin shawls in winter, robes, knee-high fat leg pants, sheepskin pockets and leggings in Zhongdian area. Men in Ninglang, Yongning, Yanyuan and Muli wear shorts and trousers, and men in Ninglang also like to wear bracelets. Old people wear linen collarless robes, plus green cloth vests and belts. In recent decades, more and more people wear Tibetan clothes.

The dress of Naxi women varies from region to region. Naxi women in Lijiang wear knee-length, wide waist and big sleeves, plus a vest, a pleated waist, a pair of trousers and a sheepskin shawl. Naxi women in Ninglang wear short shirts, pleated skirts that can reach the ground, sheepskin and blue cloth headscarves, earrings and bracelets made of gold, silver, jade and stone, and like to wear "sheepskin belts" or "belts". Sheepskin belts are made of cotton, each about four and a half feet long and two inches wide. They must be used in pairs. The girdle is exquisite and can only be worn on holidays. It is a pair of cotton belts about three feet long and two inches wide, embroidered with potted chrysanthemums and two dragon playing beads. Naxi women in Yongning weave a thick fake braid with the hair on yak's tail, and then wrap a big circle of blue and black silk thread on the wig, which hangs down to the waist.

Every festival, Naxi women will wear traditional national costumes and their favorite costumes-seven-star shawls. This shawl is colorful and beautiful. Made of a whole piece of black sheepskin, the upper part is sewn with a 6 cm black woolen cloth edge, and the sun and moon patterns and the "seven stars" with two shoulders arranged in turn are embroidered with silk thread. People call this shawl "Dai Yue wearing a star". It symbolizes the hard work of Dai women. This shawl is both decorative and very practical. Naxi women are not used to carrying their shoulders when working, but prefer to carry them on their backs, so shawls can be used as shoulder pads. One thing can be used for two purposes.

Other features

In addition, the most striking feature of Naxi folk houses is that there is a spacious mansion (that is, an veranda) in front of every house, regardless of urban and rural areas. Xia Zi is one of the important parts of the Naxi folk houses in Lijiang, which is inseparable from Lijiang's pleasant climate. So Naxi people moved some functions of the room, such as eating and meeting guests, to the mansion. As far as architectural design, architectural style and art are concerned, the Naxi folk houses in Dayan ancient city are the most distinctive.