Introduction to photography

I think learning any knowledge or skill is a systematic study, starting from the basics and then making progress gradually, so is learning photography.

Next, I will take Canon SLR camera as an example to introduce the basic functions of the camera one by one. Those who want to learn photography from scratch can collect it first and then watch it slowly.

First, the three elements of the camera

They are aperture (F), sensitivity (ISO) and shutter speed (S), commonly known as two-degree circle.

0 1 aperture (f)

Aperture is a device used to control light to enter the fuselage through the lens (that is, a window, the bigger the window, the more light enters and the brighter the picture). We usually use f value to represent the numerical value of aperture.

The function of aperture: ① control the amount of light entering; ② Control the depth of field, the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field; (3) affect the clarity of the picture.

Common aperture values: F 1, F 1.4, F2, F2.8, F4, F5.6, F8, f1,F 16, F22, F32, F44, f8.

Large aperture (f/ 1.4, f/ 1.8, f/2.8) = small value = blurred background/scene depth = portrait (the smaller the aperture value, the smaller the clear area).

Small aperture (f/ 1 1, f/ 16, f/22) = large value = clear background/depth of field = shooting scene (the larger the aperture value, the larger the clear area).

The lens images best at a medium aperture (the picture is clearest), and the best aperture is the best aperture.

02 sensitivity (ISO)

Refers to the sensitivity of photosensitive element CMOS to light.

The higher the sensitivity, the more sensitive the light shining on the film and the brighter the photos taken; The lower the sensitivity, the less sensitive the light, and the darker the photo.

When the ISO value is high, it can provide a faster shutter speed in the same light source environment, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of hand shake and virtual shooting.

When the sensitivity is ISO 100, the picture quality is the best. The higher the sensitivity, the worse the image quality and the stronger the graininess.

Suggested value: use ISO100; Outdoor on sunny days; Use ISO200 in rainy days; Indoor use of ISO200 or higher.

03 shutter speed (seconds)

It is the moment when the shutter opens and closes, that is, the exposure time when the light enters the camera. Shutter time is usually expressed in s (seconds).

The slower the shutter speed, the brighter the photo and the longer the shooting track, which is suitable for shooting at night; The faster the shutter speed, the darker the photo, and the shorter the shooting trajectory, so that clear and high-speed moving objects can be captured.

Second, several gears of the camera.

A+ is a smart file, referred to as a fool's block shot, suitable for Xiaobai;

P file is automatic, suitable for ordinary daily snapshots;

M file is a manual file, and all parameters need to be set by yourself, which is suitable for professionals to shoot;

AV file is the aperture priority, the aperture value is set by itself, other cameras are set automatically, and general photographers are resident files;

The TV file is the shutter priority, the shutter value is set by itself, and other cameras are set automatically;

SCN is a scene mode, and parameters can be set automatically according to the preset program.

Third, exposure

AE- automatic exposure; auto-focusing

It refers to the process that the light emitted or reflected by the photographed object is projected onto the photosensitive film (cmos) through the camera lens, causing chemical or physical changes and developing.

Fourth, measurement and measurement methods

Exposure and photometry are twins. If the light intensity cannot be measured accurately, correct exposure is impossible.

There are three main measurement modes:

They are point metering, central button metering and area metering, and area metering can be used in most cases.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) focal length

When the light passes through the lens, it will converge to a point (focus). The focal length of the lens is the distance from the center of the lens (or lens group) to the focal point, and the unit is millimeter (mm).

A standard lens is a lens whose focal length is equal to the diagonal length of the negative (or CCD/CMOS). In practical application, we call all those whose focal length is 40-60mm heads.

Wide-angle lens (focal length less than 35mm) can make the camera "see more widely" because of its large viewing angle.

A telephoto lens (focal length greater than 70mm) allows the camera to "see farther", but the viewing angle is narrower. A telephoto lens is also called a telephoto lens or a telescopic lens.

It can be inferred from the definition of focal length that the wide-angle lens is short, the telephoto lens is high and powerful.

The longer the focal length, the closer it is to the subject, the shallower the depth of field and the more blurred the background.

When the focal length is 18-55mm, f/3.5-5.6: the minimum focal length is 18mm and the maximum aperture is 3.5; The maximum focal length is 55mm and the maximum aperture is 5.6.

So much for the introduction to photography. If you don't understand anything, you can leave a message at the bottom of the comments ~