Railway engineering quality supervision and management?

The project quality is based on the current national laws and regulations, technical specifications and design schemes, and requires the safety, economy, beauty and practicality of project contracting. All engineering construction must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the owner. The project results required by different owners are also different, and the main intentions of the owners should be expressed in the project contract through words and drawings. In general, the project is carried out in accordance with the terms of the project contract. It can be said that the project quality is formed under the framework of the project contract. The following is the main content of railway engineering quality supervision and management brought by Zhong Da Consulting for reference.

Total quality management concept

The concept of engineering quality management has developed rapidly in contemporary architecture. From the development stage, it can be divided into three stages: quality inspection stage, quality statistics stage and total quality management stage. Total quality management refers to the establishment of total quality management mode in enterprises to meet the needs of engineering quality control. The core of total quality management is to improve the work quality of enterprises, fully mobilize people's enthusiasm, and let everyone do their own work, so as to improve the quality of engineering construction and later maintenance.

Quality control model and method of railway construction project

Establishment of quality model of railway engineering project

In railway construction, we should combine all departments, technologies and management systems of the construction unit, establish a set of our own quality control system, and carry out quality control in the process of railway construction, so as to make the railway construction an economic, safe, reliable and applicable railway project. Change the traditional idea of quality control, and change the concept of inspection into prevention; From looking at "results" to "process reasons", that is, putting forward various factors affecting the construction quality, grasping various contradictions in the project construction and solving them at the first time.

Quality control measures of railway construction projects

The quality control of railway construction function project is a technical activity to realize the expected effect of the project. Its main performance is to make the construction process and results conform to the engineering construction contract, design copy and national construction index. Therefore, according to the theory of total construction quality management, the quality control of railway engineering construction is to ensure that the completed railway quality can reach the expected index of the contract, and it is a method and measure to protect the rights and interests of owners.

Functions and tasks of quality control

Quality control in engineering construction stage is a process from the quality of construction materials to the quality of construction process and then to the quality of output results. According to the theory of total engineering quality management, engineering construction is also a material production process. Therefore, in the whole system control, we should control five elements in the process, namely, people, materials, construction equipment, engineering technology and environment.

Fundamentals of quality control

In order to control the quality of railway engineering construction, it can be divided into two categories according to the scope and characteristics of application: the first category is the common basis of engineering quality control, which mainly refers to the basic documents related to engineering construction and engineering quality control; The second category is the basis of professional technical regulations on quality inspection and control. This kind of document is a technical specification document formulated by the state according to different industries and different quality, including industrial technical indicators, specifications and relevant regulations.

Quality control in construction preparation stage

Internal quality control of construction

This kind of quality control is mainly aimed at the internal quality of engineering construction. When the project is outsourced or constructed in stages, it is necessary to monitor and manage the outsourcing unit. Internal quality control mainly includes the following points: control of construction team and personnel, control of construction equipment for engineering raw materials, control of construction environment, control of construction scheme and technology.

Quality control and guarantee work

Before the third-party supervision, in addition to the above control work, we should also make preparations for monitoring, do a good job of design disclosure and joint review of construction drawings, control the changes of construction drawings, and ensure access to the construction site.

3 Common faults in railway construction and corresponding preventive measures

This paper discusses the effect of ensuring the quality of railway construction from two aspects of control measures and technical measures. According to the previous railway construction, the railway construction under the traditional construction mode also has the same problems, and these problems should continue to be solved.

Common faults and preventive measures in railway subgrade engineering construction

More common lighting problems

The treatment of subgrade base is unreasonable; The quality of filler does not meet the construction index; The transition section of bridge and culvert is not compacted; Lateral distension and abdominal distension; The transition section presents uneven settlement.

Preventive and control measures

The basement should be treated in strict accordance with the construction plan and construction index, and it should be compacted before filling. The person in charge of construction and management personnel should be present to supervise and sign for confirmation. After the bridge and culvert transition section is compacted, it should be tested, and the materials that meet the construction requirements should be selected and confirmed by the construction manager, and unqualified construction fillers should not be used; During the compaction operation, heavy compaction machinery, operators and technicians should be equipped to follow the construction, and the thickness, compactness and uniformity of the filler should be strictly controlled, and it can be rolled sideways. For some positions where heavy machinery can't be left and right, manual primary school compactors should be used for compaction to ensure that there are no dead ends in every part of the project.

Common quality problems of bridge engineering and preventive measures

Common bridging problems

Cracking, reinforcement exposure and holes in reinforced concrete are common concentrated problems in railway bridge engineering.

Corresponding preventive measures

Preventive measures for cracks in reinforced concrete: firstly, when improving the quality of concrete, it is necessary to ensure that all properties of concrete meet the construction needs; Secondly, water reducing agent should be added before concrete setting to control the proportion of cement in concrete and optimize the setting effect of concrete. At the same time, expansion agent can be added according to the situation. Third, strengthen the tamping of concrete in the pouring process to ensure the tamping quality and compactness of concrete. The preventive measures of reinforced concrete reinforcement exposure are as follows: first, before concrete pouring, check whether the position of reinforcement and the thickness of protective layer meet the pouring requirements; Second, for the reinforcement near the formwork, the concrete pad shall be bound in strict accordance with the construction requirements; Thirdly, when the pouring positions of steel bars are dense, appropriate stones can be selected to assist the pouring work. Measures to prevent holes in reinforced concrete: first, tamping method is used to prevent leakage: the plug-in vibrator should vibrate vertically, and the vibrator should be 90 degrees perpendicular to the concrete surface; Second, when the steel pouring point is dense, fine stone concrete should be used for pouring, and tamping should be carried out after pouring. When the vibrator has problems or difficulties, manual vibration should be adopted; Third, strengthen construction technology and quality inspection.

Common quality problems of tunnel engineering and preventive measures

In railway tunnels, there will be some problems that lead to water leakage, such as pits and honeycombs, but these two points are typical.

Preventive measures of pits

First of all, it is necessary to ensure that the Mo layout is clean, and it is not allowed to get dry with cement slurry and other sundries during construction. Secondly, the demoulding machine used should be painted evenly, and there should be no irregular phenomena such as brush leakage. Finally, it is necessary to ensure that the concrete can be compacted evenly in layers according to the construction standards to prevent the occurrence of vibration leakage.

Preventive measures of honeycomb

First, concrete batching should be measured strictly in proportion, and the metering system should be checked frequently in the work to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the work; Second, the mixing degree of concrete should be uniform, and the overall color should be consistent; Third, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to master the time of concrete pouring and the time when concrete sinks and bubbles appear.

Quality is the foundation of engineering, and engineering quality determines the quality of railway construction. However, engineering construction is not a one-sided work, it is closely linked with the quality, duration and investment of engineering construction, which are mutually restrictive and complementary. Therefore, when we manage the engineering quality, we should balance the relationship between them, so as to ensure the quality of railway engineering.

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