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Leonardo da Vinci's painting

This is a polysemous word. Click to see more meanings.

Mona Lisa is a portrait of Lisa Giocondo painted by Renaissance painter leonardo da vinci. The French government keeps it in the Louvre in Paris for public appreciation. Italian archaeologists recently claimed to have found the body of the Mona Lisa.

It is said that the restoration of this remains may help people to uncover the mystery of Mona Lisa's smile.

In September, experts from the Mona Lisa Foundation said that it would be announced in the last week of September that Leonardo da Vinci had created a young version of the Mona Lisa before creating it.

Mona Lisa

Year of Creation: Renaissance

Author: Da Vinci

Mona Lisa's mysterious smile

Mona Lisa is also called the eternal smile.

By Leonardo da Vinci (Italy)

Type oil painting (drawing board)

Size 77X53cm

The largest French art museum in the world: Lu.

Mona Lisa is a famous portrait.

It represents leonardo da vinci's highest artistic achievement, and successfully shaped the urban production hierarchy in the rising period of capitalism.

The figure in the painting sits gracefully, smiles slightly, and the background is deep and boundless, vividly showing the painter's unique smoky "unbounded gradient coloring method"

The painter tries to skillfully combine the rich inner feelings of the characters with the beautiful appearance, and pays special attention to mastering the dialectical relationship between precision and implication in the key parts of the portrait face, such as the corners of the eyes and lips, in order to achieve the charm, so that the Mona Lisa's smile has a mysterious charm, which is called "mysterious smile" by many art historians.

Under the influence of humanism, Leonardo da Vinci focused on expressing people's feelings. In terms of composition, Leonardo da Vinci changed the habit of using a side bust or chest when painting portraits, and replaced it with a full bust. The perspective point rose slightly, making the composition pyramid-shaped and the Mona Lisa more obvious.

Besides, Mona Lisa's hand,

Plumpness shows her gentleness, status and class status, and shows Leonardo da Vinci's exquisite painting skills and his keen observation of nature.

Because the chemical reaction disappeared, the background was a blue sky. According to the test, Mona Lisa's smile contains 83% happiness, 9% disgust, 6% fear and 2% anger.

The author Leonardo da Vinci (1452- 15 19), a cultural celebrity in Italy during the Renaissance, is also known as the three Renaissance masters with Michelangelo and Sandy Raphael, and is also a rare all-rounder in the history of human civilization. He is not only a genius.

Architect,

Scientists and musicians, but also very successful anatomists, mathematicians, physicists, astronomers and geographers.

For more than ten years, when people talk about human cultural progress, they will refer to a brilliant page-the Italian Renaissance, and they will associate it with Leonardo da Vinci's great achievements.

1452 April 15 On the outskirts of Wenxi Village, the Italian Republic of Florence, Sergio pierrot Da Vinci and Cattell.

1466 entered verrocchio Studio and became a beginner.

1475, he created the "sacred notice"

1476 was accused of having same-sex love with other disciples of verrocchio, but was finally released because of its denial.

148 1 New Year picture "Worship of the Three Immortals"

1482 was admitted to San Francisco, and the cathedral was appointed as the author of Our Lady on the Rock (30 years old).

1499 began to draw the last supper.

1503 returned to Florence and began to paint the Mona Lisa.

15 15 at the invitation of Ji, I went to Amboise (63

1565438+ passed away in Amboise on May 2, 2009 (at the age of 67).

For 500 years, people have been unable to agree on the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. Different audiences or at different times look and feel different.

Often gentle, sometimes serious, sometimes a little sad, sometimes even showing ridicule and teasing. In a painting, the change of light can't be as different as in sculpture. However, on Mona Lisa's face, vague shadows appeared and disappeared, covering her eyes and lips.

However, people's smiles are mainly reflected in the corners of their eyes and corners of their mouths. But Leonardo da Vinci painted these parts very lightly, with no clear boundaries, so this is unpredictable.

A university in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, used "emotion recognition software" to analyze the content and proportion of Mona Lisa's smile: 83% happy, 9% disgusted, 6% fearful and 2% angry.

Dr Margaret Livingstone, a neuroscientist at Harvard University, said that the Mona Lisa's smile is sometimes on and off because of the human visual system, not because the expression of the people in the painting is mysterious. Dr. Livingstone is an authority on visual nerve activity, mainly studying the response of eyes and brain to different contrast and light and shade. Livingstone said: "The smile is flashing because the viewer has changed the position of his eyes.

There are two different parts of the human eye that receive images.

The central part (the shallow fossa on the retina) is responsible for distinguishing faces.

Pay attention to the peripheral part around the shallow pit.

Action and shadow. According to Livingstone, when people look at a face, most of their eyes are fixed on the other person's eyes. If people's central vision is placed in Mona Lisa's eyes, then less accurate peripheral vision will fall on her mouth.

Because peripheral vision does not pay attention to nuances, it invisibly highlights the shadow of cheekbones.

The arc is bigger. However, when the eyes look directly at Mona Lisa's mouth, the central vision will not see the shadow. Livingstone said, "If you look at her mouth, you will never catch her smile.

It looms because people's eyes are constantly shifting. Levin Si Tong pointed out that if you want to copy Mona Lisa.

When you are in this department, you should look elsewhere.

1993, Susan Gill, a Canadian art historian, published a shocking research result.

Dumping the lips of countless audiences is a man's bare back. This argument is novel and absurd, but it is powerful. Painters, sculptors,

Scientists such as Leonardo da Vinci can be called "geeks". He likes to wear a pink coat, paint his beard with colorful colors without scruple, and often claims that he has dissected more than 30 bodies. He is still left-handed and used to write backwards from right to left. People can only read what he wrote with the help of a mirror. Therefore, using the mirror is also a way for the audience to look at the picture. After rotating 90 degrees, Mona Lisa's lips in the mirror are just the back of a strong man with clear lines, as well as his left arm and elbow angle; Besides, expressing the beauty of human body and calling for the awakening of human nature is not only the master's philosophy of life, but also his art.

Indeed, people will get different feelings when they appreciate this painting from different angles and under different light.

Elegant, sometimes serene and serious, sometimes slightly sad, and sometimes ironic and teasing, the mysterious smile reveals the mysterious spiritual activities of the characters.

For hundreds of years, new explanations of "smile" have emerged one after another.

Smile without showing your teeth because the prototype is elegant and beautiful but not good at words; The prototype is depressed and unhappy because of the death of his beloved daughter, and it is difficult to hide his sadness. What's more, Mona Lisa was pushed off the throne of a lady, and the prototype was demoted to a prostitute, so she smiled.

Dr Joseph Baukowski of Maryland, USA, said: "The Mona Lisa didn't laugh at all. Her facial expression is a typical sign that she wants to hide that she has no front teeth.

Dr Jean-Jacques Kondert, a brain surgeon in Lyon, France, thinks that the Mona Lisa has just suffered a stroke. You see, half of her face is flabby, her face is crooked, and she looks very thin.

Dr Kenneth gay friends, a British doctor, thinks the Mona Lisa is pregnant. His basis is that her face is satisfied, her skin is fresh and tender, and her hands are crossed on her abdomen. Sexologists speculate that Mona Lisa has just experienced an orgasm, so she showed a smile that fascinated the world.

There is also an almost nonsense statement: her expression looks like she ate phenylalanine, a pleasure hormone produced in her body after eating chocolate. Few people believe this statement, because there was no coincidence.

Sinkor Kenriel, a professor of anthropology at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, believes that Mona Lisa has such a smile because she is full, because the radian of her mouth and the gesture of putting her hand gently on her abdomen are similar to those of human beings after a full meal.

In the painting, the horizon on the left is lower than the right, and the left side of Mona Lisa looks bigger than the right side. The left side represents women in history, which shows Leonardo da Vinci's worship of women. In fact, the self-portraits of Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci have a lot in common. In Egyptian legend, the god in charge of male genitalia is called Ah.

The God in charge of female genitalia is "Islamic State"-pronounced LISA in ancient Chinese, so Mona Lisa implies that Mona Lisa is neither male nor female, but a knot of both sexes.

It is said that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is collected in the Louvre in Paris. But there is a saying in the collection that the Mona Lisa is not hanging in the Louvre.

The real Mona Lisa hangs on the wall of an apartment in London.

Dr Pulitzer, the guardian of this apartment and this work.

After the Mona Lisa was completed, the work was left at Lisa de Zogon's home. Later, another nobleman asked Da Vinci to paint a portrait of his mistress. This daughter is called "La Gioconda" (meaning "smiling person") and looks very much like the Mona Lisa.

Leonardo da Vinci replaced the Mona Lisa's face with Rajo.

After the painting was finished, the nobles abandoned Lajokunda and didn't buy the painting. Later, leonardo da vinci went to France at the invitation of Francis I and took the painting with him.

Pulitzer said that Lahore added luster to the Louvre.

Mona Lisa later drifted to Ingram, where she was the curator of a museum at the beginning of this century.

William blake bought it, and later bought it for a Swiss financial group, of which Pulitzer was a member.

At the beginning of this century, many people copied and forged famous works of art on a large scale, so there is reason to suspect that the one in London is a fake. However, Dr. Pulitzer is convinced of the authenticity of his paintings. He confirmed through photomicrography that the fingerprints on this painting in London are the same as those on other works of Leonardo da Vinci. According to records, Mona Lisa was younger than La Cambridge 19 years old, and she was veiled to express her condolences. Of the two paintings, only the one in London shows a young woman wearing a beautiful veil. Another evidence is that Raphael drew a sketch when Leonardo da Vinci painted this painting. There are two pillars behind the Mona Lisa in the sketch, which appear in the portrait of London, while the Louvre has a cliff in the background.

For hundreds of years, many collectors claimed that they had the real Mona Lisa.

More interestingly, in 1984, the Bertrand Art Museum in Maine, USA, received a Mona Lisa without a smile.

Make sure that this painting is really written by Leonardo da Vinci. The characters in the painting are all like Mona Lisa except that they don't laugh. Experts speculate that the Mona Lisa without a smile may have been painted by the author at the same time.

There is also a saying that the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is a fake, which is based on the theft in 19 1 1. In that theft,

Two years later, it appeared in Italy, but the colonnades on both sides behind the Mona Lisa have been

A few years later, the Mona Lisa was returned to the Louvre. However, many experts believe that this recovery is only a smoke screen. The real Mona Lisa has been bought by a rich collector, and only this one hangs in the Louvre.

For hundreds of years, the Mona Lisa has been regarded as the most precious portrait. In the 1960s, the valuation of this painting reached $654.38 billion.

With the permission of the government, it was exhibited in 1962,1February 4 to1March 2, and 1963 in Washington and new york, USA, which caused a sensation in the whole country. Many people came from other places to have a look. Due to too many visitors, it is said that the exhibition stipulates that each audience can only stay in front of the Mona Lisa for three seconds.

The exhibition is more sensational than America. It is said that every audience

Carlo pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind Mona Lisa is the scenery near Brianaud Bridge in arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Da Vinci was born in Da Vinci Town, about 100 km from arezzo, and once lived in arezzo. The original landscape of this area is almost the same as the background of Mona Lisa. So Leonardo da Vinci probably used the pastoral scenery in this area as the background of Mona Lisa.

After Dretti's views were announced at the International Symposium on Da Vinci's Painting, many art history experts studied him.

The British Guardian website 201165438+1October 9 reported that Italian art historian Carla Gloria said that the background bridge and a road above the Mona Lisa's shoulder in the painting belong to the northern Italian town of Bobbio.

In the past, it was generally believed that,

This is fiction. Gloria said that the digital password recently found in the painting supported her inference. Gloria claims that she will publish her new findings this year.

You can see winding roads and arch bridges in the northern Italian town of Bobbio. Leonardo da Vinci can see the bridge through the window of the castle.

Gloria came to this conclusion when she studied the true identity of the characters in the Mona Lisa painting.

Maybe Bianca Giovanna sforza,/kloc-daughter of ludovico sforza, Duke of Milan in the 5th century. A popular saying is that the real name of the woman in the painting is Lisa Giocondo, the wife and son of a businessman in Florence, Italy. Gloria said, "Bobbio was under Ludovico, and the library there was very famous. Like many other artists and scientists, Leonardo da Vinci may have been there. "

Bobbio in the Middle Ages was famous for its monasteries.

The background bridge in the Mona Lisa painting is located on the Trebbia River, which was once called the most beautiful place in the world by American writer Hemingway.

Last year, some Italian researchers claimed that,

The number "72" is written on the arch with Shakespeare as the background. Gloria thinks this number stands for 1472, because the bridge was destroyed by the flood in 1472 and was later rebuilt. But there are also

Italian researcher Silvano Winchetti thinks this number has another meaning. He said: "There is no dan brown password here, just sending some information to express my thoughts. Numbers 7 and 2 are of great significance in Kabala.

The organization is still studying other girls who may become Leonardo's models. But he said: "We think Bianca Giovanna sforza is unlikely to be the woman in the painting because she died at the age of 15, and the woman in the painting is at least 22 years old." Gloria said that in the years when he finished painting, Leonardo da Vinci may have deliberately painted sforza's face more mature to hide the true identity of the woman in the painting after his father collapsed.

For more than 500 years, historians have been arguing about the prototype of Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting Mona Lisa. Especially the mysterious smile on the face of the person in the painting makes people guess.

Recently, an ordinary teacher in Florence, Italy, Ji Usep Palanti put forward a new view that the Mona Lisa is a "housewife" with five children.

According to the British "Daily Telegraph" reported on June 5438+0, Palanti studied the archives of Florence for 25 years, and then came to a conclusion:

Lisa gherardini is the wife of a friend of Finch's father and a housewife with five children.

According to Palanti's research, Lisa married Francesco Giocondo, a Florentine silk merchant, when she was 1495 and 16 years old. Giocondo was a good friend of Leonardo da Vinci's father Del Piero.

Lisa is Giocondo's second wife. The couple have a good relationship and have five children. Giocondo said in his will that Lisa was his "beloved" and "loyal" wife.

The Portrait of Mona Lisa was completed when Lisa was 24 years old. Leonardo da vinci's father arranged everything and paid his son to paint this picture for his friend's wife. At that time, Leonardo da Vinci was troubled by a financial dispute. His father probably wanted to help his son in this way.

In the legend about the prototype of Mona Lisa, some people say that the person in the painting was a famous prostitute in Florence at that time, while others say that the person in the painting is a woman's version of Leonardo da Vinci himself.

Last year, an American professor named Xie Wen Newland claimed that he had found the smiling back of the Mona Lisa.

The Mona Lisa always smiles because the owner in the painting was pregnant when she was modeling for Leonardo da Vinci. It was a mysterious feeling of a mother when a new life was about to be born.

At present, Palanti is compiling her research results into a book during the summer vacation and plans to publish it in August.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa was originally painted in the Louvre in Paris. But for hundreds of years, collectors have claimed that they have collected more than 60 Mona Lisa paintings.

Due to the interruption of the exhibition due to the relocation of the exhibition hall, it will "disappear" in the Louvre exhibition hall for the first time in 30 years.

The Mona Lisa has been quietly revealed to the audience in the Louvre.

On April 4th, 200 1 year, she finally had a day off.

On April 4th, visitors couldn't see Mona Lisa's charming smile in the Louvre. According to the sound of the Louvre

The Mona Lisa will be moved to the exhibition hall on that day, which will be a "holiday" day, which will be the first time for this famous painting in 30 years.

The Louvre said in a statement that four years later,

Lisa will move and decorate on April 4th.

In 2000, due to the age of the old exhibition hall, there were problems in preservation conditions and safety measures, and the Louvre moved the Mona Lisa to the existing temporary exhibition hall.

According to the museum's explanation, it is inevitable to interrupt the exhibition for one day, because on that day, engineers need to install lighting facilities and special reflective glass for the moved Mona Lisa, and set up a more reasonable visit path.

A large number of tourists who came here at that time were disappointed. The Louvre notified nearly 6,000 travel agencies around the world, and explained it in 10 on its home page.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is the most famous work of art in the Louvre. According to statistics, 90% visitors to the Louvre will not miss this "smile".

More than 330,000 Mona Lisa souvenirs, including postcards, magnets and puzzles, are sold every year.

Since the establishment of 1789 Louvre,

Since then, except for a few accidents, the museum has avoided interrupting the exhibition of this painting. According to a staff member of the museum, "Rembrandt, Titian and greco can all be shelved for weeks, but the Mona Lisa can't." Even the guardian of this famous painting himself can only get close to this painting when the Louvre is closed for research. The x-ray detection study of this painting was carried out in the middle of the night.

The last time Mona Lisa disappeared from the sight of Louvre tourists was in 1974, when she traveled across the ocean to visit Japan. According to experts' estimation, this kind of exhibition tour is unlikely to happen again in the future. The upgraded exhibition hall has enough capacity to cope with the tourist flow of 1 1,500 people per hour, so on April 4, 2006, 5438+0 will be the only vacation of the Mona Lisa for many years.

According to records, Lisa Di Gradini (the character in the painting) died of depression at the age of 46, but a Japanese cardiologist said that he found a yellow spot on the Mona Lisa's left eye, which is a sign of high cholesterol. Japanese cardiologists say the Mona Lisa should have died of a myocardial infarction.

Others said that she fell in love with Da Vinci and was depressed.

The remains of the prototype Mona Lisa were discarded in the garbage.

According to the British daily telegraph 65438+1October 1 1, an Italian scholar was shocked a few days ago. As early as 30 years ago, the body of lisa gberdini, the prototype of leonardo da vinci's immortal Mona Lisa, was dug out of the grave and dumped as garbage in a dump in the suburb of Florence.

Build a parking lot and dig a cemetery.

Studies show that Lisa died in Florence on 1542 and was buried in a local convent called "San Osora".

After hundreds of years, monasteries have long ceased to exist. Later, a tobacco factory and a university teaching building were built here, which became the dormitory area of Italian police in the 1980s.

Giuseppe Palanti, an Italian art history expert, recently announced that after decades of research on historical archives and materials, he found that when the developer built an underground parking lot in that area 30 years ago, he dug up the local cemetery together with the foundation, while Lisa's body was dumped as construction waste in a large dump in the suburb of Florence, which is now 30 meters high.

Developers don't understand historical sites.

Palanti, author of The Secret of Mona Lisa: The True Identity of Leonardo da Vinci's Model, said in an interview recently: "Unfortunately, Lisa's grave has been destroyed. At that time, people didn't know who was buried in it, and they didn't realize the importance of protecting historical sites. They just want to give it to the police.

According to the British media reported in July 18, recently, an Italian archaeological team announced that it was in the monastery of Saint ursula in Florence.

Discovery of Mona Lisa's Body (3 photos)