How to translate long English sentences for the postgraduate entrance examination

Methods of translating long sentences in English for postgraduate entrance examinations

Basics of translation for postgraduate entrance examinations - Translation of long sentences

Practical translation of long sentences The above is a comprehensive application of multiple translation methods. When translating, candidates must first clarify the structure of the original text, find out the central idea and the meanings of each layer, analyze the logical relationship between the meanings of each layer, and then translate correctly according to the characteristics and expressions of the Chinese language. out, do not stick to the form of the original text. Commonly used methods include sequential method, reverse order method, segmented translation method, comprehensive method, etc.

Example 1: The Committee prepared this paper because its members recognized that the government has failed to establish an energy policy capable of providing a comprehensive energy source that can meet our requirements for the last portion of this century and the greater portion of the next.

Brief analysis: If the time or logical sequence is consistent with the Chinese expression, sequential translation can be used. This sentence consists of four sentences, one subordinate to the other, which is a vertical relationship, so it is translated sequentially. In the third sentence, since the phrase "capable" introduces is longer, there is also the gerund "providing" as an attributive in the middle, which is placed after the noun policy it modifies. When translated, it is compact and can be placed before policy.

Translation: The committee developed this document because its members saw that the government was no longer able to develop a comprehensive plan that would meet our needs in this century and most of the next half century.

Example 2: Primary colors are colors in terms of which all other colors may be described, or from which all other colors may be evolved by mixture.

Brief analysis: If the original text The order is different from the Chinese expression habits, or completely opposite. The back translation method can be used when translating into Chinese. In English, when nouns, pronouns, adjectives or gerunds are used as attributives, they are generally placed before the noun they modify; when clauses and various phrases are used as attributives, they are placed after the noun they modify. Chinese is different. Its attributives are all placed before the words they modify. Therefore, when translating, it is necessary to partially adjust the order of the original structure. This sentence has two restrictive attributive clauses, both of which are back-translated.

Translation: Primary colors are the colors that all other colors can be represented by or can be formulated with.

Example 3: The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excludes the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace.

Brief analysis: Analysis is also called decomposition, which is to break some long complex sentences with overlapping twists and turns into short sentences, and then translate them separately. The subject of this sentence is a prepositional phrase, which contains a complex structure of attributive clauses, making it difficult to translate it literally. The translation had to break up the structure of the original sentence and reassemble it. First, the attributive clause was separated and translated, and then "great difficulty" was extracted and translated to form an independent word, which made the translation smooth and smooth.

Translation: The adoption of a new computer architecture will inevitably require users to rewrite most of their software, making it difficult to implement, which rules out the possibility of this technology entering the commodity market.

Example 4: To head the development division they chose a forty-year-old engineer, Kenicai Yamamoto, who in the succeeding few years emerged as one of the handful of the handful of Men---Froede, Bentele, Bensinger of Daimler-Benzs---who have made major contributions to rotary technology.

Brief analysis: When the current three translation methods are inconvenient, they can be processed comprehensively, or in order of time, Or analyze it in a logical order, forward and backward, primary and secondary. This sentence connects the previous and the following with the relation who, connecting the beginning and the end. In Chinese, they must be separated into separate families and formed into independent sentences, so the related words in the previous sentence must be repeated.

Translation: In order to lead this development department, they chose a 40-year-old engineer Ken Yamamoto. In the following years, he became one of the few celebrities - Freddie, Bentel, and Daimler-Benz's Benzinger - who all made significant contributions to rotor technology.

Let’s do some exercises to consolidate what we have learned today:

1. On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31.

　2. The method normally employed for free electrons to be produced in electron tubes is thermal emission, in which advantage is taken of the fact, if a solid body is heated sufficiently, some of the electrons that it contains will escape from its surface into the surrounding space.

　3. The site at Poverty, Louisiana, has been known to archeologists since the early 1900s, but it wasn't until 1953, when aerial photographs were taken, that the ridge pattern was first spotted.

　4. By the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the number of landbased strategic missiles, the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parit and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.

1. On August 1, the gunboat began to perform its mission. Defenders viewed this as a provocation and appeared to be part of a general attack that began on July 31.

2. When a solid is heated to a sufficient temperature, some of the electrons it contains leave the surface and fly into the surrounding space. This phenomenon is called thermionic emission. Vacuum tubes use this method to generate free electrons.

3. Archaeologists have known about this site in Beaufort Pointe, Louisiana as early as the beginning of this century. However, it was not until aerial photography was conducted in 1953 that the pattern of mounds was discovered for the first time.

4. He warned that by the middle of this year, the Soviet Union will surpass the United States in the number of land-launched strategic missiles, because after the Soviet Union failed in the Cuba incident, it has been since the mid-1960s. The purpose of vigorously developing missiles is to at least reach parity with the United States in nuclear weapons and strive to surpass the United States.

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