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How to guide primary school students to write documentary compositions

Author/Zhang Chonggang Abstract: Writing is a comprehensive reflection of students' cognitive level and language expression ability. Strengthening writing guidance and improving students' writing level is an important part of the whole Chinese teaching activities. Cultivating primary school students' interest in writing is the primary task of composition teaching in primary schools. After primary school students have a strong interest in composition, it does not mean that they are all born with writing ability, and they especially need the guidance of Chinese teachers. Teachers should guide students to read more books and observe life, so as to collect writing materials. Students have writing materials, and teachers should encourage them to create and modify boldly, so that they can make progress and grow in the writing experience. Keywords: primary school students; Composition; To write a good character, a character should not only vividly express the mental outlook of the reported character, that is, write a vibrant person, but also write a person who makes readers amiable and approachable, that is, write a true and credible person, and skillfully use language to reproduce the character image, that is, write a vivid person. Such a real person will be established. First, grasping the language description of characters is an extremely important basic writing skill, and it is also the weakest place for students. Why is the language description of characters so important? There is a simple reason. In daily life, we often need to communicate feelings, expound opinions and convey information through conversation. In students' usual compositions, it is often necessary to record the languages of different characters (including themselves) in order to serve the description of characters and the expression of the central idea of the article. To write a good character's language, we should pay attention to several problems: (2) When describing the character's language, we should be able to truly write the unique tone, manner and habitual actions of the character when he speaks. In order to express the psychological activities, thoughts and feelings of the characters at that time. (4) To record characters' language, we should use "direct speech" and "indirect reporting" flexibly and reasonably according to certain needs. (5) The description of characters' language is helpful to highlight the central idea of the article and show the characteristics of the characters. Therefore, the language of irrelevant characters must not be stuffed into the article. For example, from the conversation in which Jia introduced Daiyu to Sister Lin when Wang Xifeng met her for the first time, students can understand the meaning of Feng Chili's words, which reflects Wang Xifeng's personality characteristics: have it both ways, vitriolic, vitriolic, duplicitous, calculating, observing and pleasing both sides. When writing the appearance, we must grasp the characteristics of the characters, highlight their personalities and express their inner world. The most taboo things about writing appearance are "formulation", "generalization" and "one thousand people". The great Russian writer Nikolai Nikolai Gogol once said, "Appearance is the key to understanding characters." I'll tell you another trick: pay attention to your eyes when writing about your appearance. Lu Xun said: "To draw a person's appearance very economically, it is best to draw his eyes. I think this is completely correct. If you draw all your hair, even if it is realistic, it is meaningless. " It makes sense for everyone to think about this sentence. It can be seen that the writing is incomplete, but fine. Third, grasping the action to describe a character is composed of many aspects. Writing a character's movements well is only one aspect of the description of the character, and no matter which aspect, it should be closely related to the characteristics of the character, and can never be described as "thousands of people and thousands of faces" or "parroting". First of all, the action description should be accurate and specific. Secondly, it should be able to reflect the characters' thoughts and feelings, personality characteristics, inner activities and spiritual quality. To truly serve the personality of the characters. Actions should be separated, and a big action scene should be separated and represented by a series of small actions. For middle school students, the biggest problem in writing is that the description is not specific enough. Teachers can teach students some skills and methods. Of course, students can't master all these skills and methods at once, and it takes a period of training to consolidate and form good writing habits. Many great figures or writers have had a lot of valuable experience in expressing characters through action description. For example, Engels said: "A character's character is not only reflected in what he does, but also in how he does it." Chekhov said: "We should try our best to find out the mental state of the character from his actions." Gorky said: "To make works of art have the power of education and persuasion, we must make the protagonist act more and talk less." From the above experience, we can easily find that action is actually another business card of the character. Therefore, our experience in teaching students exercises is worth learning, and we must strengthen the guidance for students. Fourth, writing a good psychological description of psychological activities is a way to reveal the inner activities of characters. Compared with language and action description, it can directly express the thoughts and feelings of characters, and it is a basic skill to portray characters. There are various ways of expression, such as inner monologue, expression description, association and so on. Psychological description can record the thoughts, feelings and psychological activities of the characters, that is, what the characters are thinking and how they think. Compared with the description of characters' language, movements and appearance, the description of characters' psychological activities can directly express the characters' thoughts, feelings and ideological conflicts, express their personality characteristics and promote the ups and downs of the plot. So, how to write a good character's psychology? (1) should conform to the identity and characteristics of the characters. Psychological activity is one of the important ways to express the identity and characteristics of characters. There are all kinds of people in life, such as students, teachers and doctors ... because of their different ages, identities and personalities, they will have different psychology when they encounter things. Therefore, when describing the characters' psychology, we should conform to their identities and characteristics, and let them think what they should, and avoid being one-sided and superficial. (2) Explain the state of the characters when they are "thinking". The so-called state of mind refers to the tone, action and way of thinking of characters. Don't always "I want to", "you want to" and "he wants to", so the psychology written is dry and there is no sense of presence. When a person is thinking, there will always be corresponding expressions and actions. Are you looking at something and thinking silently, or are you sitting at a table with your chin propped up? Write them down so that we can meet the person and enhance the expression. (3) In combination with other descriptions, in order to express the rich and delicate inner world of the characters and portray them more effectively, it is sometimes not enough to simply describe the psychology of the characters, and it is often necessary to describe their words and deeds and their environment. This combination writing can not only reveal the inner feelings of characters, portray their personalities, but also enhance the artistic expression of words.