What is the file format, suffix and format?

. ACA: Role documents used by Microsoft agents.

. Acf: system management configuration

. Acm: Audio compression management driver, which provides coding and decoding functions of various sound formats for Windows system.

. Aif: sound file, supports compression, and can be played with Windows Media Player and QuickTime Player.

. AIF: audio file, played with Windows Media Player.

. AIFC: audio file, played with Windows Media Player.

. AIFF: audio file, played with Windows Media Player.

. Ani: file extension of animation cursor, such as animation hourglass.

. Ans:ASCII character graphic animation file

. Arc: earlier compressed files can be opened with WinZip, WinRAR, PKARC and other software.

. Arj: compressed files. You can use WinZip, WinRAR, PKARC and other software to open it.

. Asf: The video stream supported by Microsoft Media Player can be played on Windows Media Player.

. Asp: Microsoft's video streaming file, which can be opened with Windows Media Player.

. Asp: Microsoft's Active Server Page is a server-side script, which is often used for large-scale website development and supports database connection, similar to PHP. It can be written in Visual InterDev, which is a hot topic at present.

. Asx: a shortcut to Windows Media media files.

. Au: It is a common sound file format on the Internet, which is mostly created by Sun Workstation and can be played by using waveform maintenance and modification software. LiveAudio in Netscape Navigator can also be played. Au file.

. Avi: A Windows multimedia file format using Microsoft RIFF specification, which is used to store sound and animation.

. Bak: A backup file, usually an auxiliary file created automatically or through a command, contains the latest version of the file and has the same file name as the file.

Bas Basic: language source program file, which can be compiled into executable file. At present, the system is developed by Visual Basic.

. Bat: batch file. In MS-DOS. Bat file is an executable file composed of a series of commands, which may contain calls to other programs.

. Bbs: the article information file of bulletin board system system.

. Bfc:Windows briefcase file.

. Bin: a binary file whose purpose depends on the system or application.

. Bmp:Bitmap bitmap file, a self-format of Paint developed by Microsoft, can be supported by various Windows and Windows NT platforms and many applications, and supports 32-bit colors. This is a resource file format for creating icons for the Windows interface.

C: C language source program files, compiled and used under the C language compiler.

. Cab: The compressed package format developed by Microsoft is often used for software installation. Extract.exe can decompress with the utility program that comes with Windows. WinZip, WinRAR and so on all support this format.

. CAL: Calendar file in Windows.

. Channel file.

. CDR: A graphic file format in CorelDraw, which is a graphic image file format that can be used in all CorelDRAW applications.

. Cdx: index file, which exists in the software environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro systems.

. Configuration file, a file used by a system or application software to configure its own functions and characteristics.

. Chm: Compiled HTML file, which is often used to make help files and electronic documents.

. CLP: The file format in the clipboard under CLP:Windows.

. Cmd: The batch file of Windows NT/2000 actually has the same function as the BAT file, but it is different from the BAT file under DOS/Windows 9x.

Cmf: sound card standard music file, FM synthesizer, etc. Can be played back.

. CNF:net meeting conference connection file

. Cnt: online help file directory index file, usually saved in. Hlp file with the same name.

. Col: a palette file format created by Autodesk Animator, Autodesk Animator Por and other programs, which stores RGB values of each item in the palette.

. Com:DOS executable command file, generally less than 64KB.

. CPL: Control panel extension file used by Windows operating system.

. CPP:c++ language source program, a very powerful language, with corresponding development systems on various platforms.

. Crd: card file in windows

. Crt: Certificate authentication document for security.

Cur: Cur: Cursor resource file format cur:cur:Windows, which can be edited by cursor editing software.

. CSS: text /CSS files

. Dat: a data file used in an application.

. DAT: Image and sound files in VCD can be called by VCD playback software or played by VCD player.

. Dbf: Database file, which is generated by database processing systems such as Foxbase, Dbase and Visual FoxPro.

. Dcx: Browse document files by fax

. Ddi: image file, which can extend tools such as dup, HD and img.

. Development: device driver

Dib: Device-independent bitmap file, which is a file format to ensure that bitmap graphics created by one application can be loaded or displayed by other applications.

. Directory: Directory file

. DLL:Windows dynamic link library is almost everywhere, but sometimes the conflict between different versions of DLL will cause various problems.

. Doc: It is a document created by Word, the word processing software in Microsoft Office with the highest market share at present.

. Dos: Some MS-DOS system files reserved by Windows.

. Dot: document template file dot:Microsoft Word, which can simplify the creation of some commonly used documents and can be embedded in VBA programs to realize some automation functions.

. Drv: Device driver file used in various systems.

. Dwg:AutoCAD drawing file, which is also a format supported by many drawing software, is often used to share data.

. Dxb: Graphic file format created by AutoCAD.

. Dxf: Graphic exchange format is a computer-aided design file format, which was originally developed for AutoCAD to facilitate the transfer of graphic files between applications. It stores graphics in ASCII mode and represents the size of graphics very accurately.

. Der: authentication document

Dic:Txt file

. Emf: Windows 32-bit extended metafile format developed by Microsoft. Its overall design goal is to make up for the shortcomings of *. The wmf file format used in Microsoft windows 3.1(win16) makes metafiles easier to use.

. Eps: The graphic file format described in PostScript language is saved as a text file. It can print high-quality graphic images on a PostScript graphic printer, and can represent graphic images up to 32 bits.

. Err: compilation error file exists in Dbase, Foxbase and Foxpro series software environment.

Exe: Executable files have the same suffix, but different formats and versions.

. The graphics card driver used by 3DS.

. Exc:Txt file

. FLC: animation files of Autodesk Animator and Animatorpro, supporting 256 colors. The maximum image line is 64000*64000, which supports compression. It is widely used in animation graphics, computer-aided design and animation sequences in computer game applications.

. Fnd: Saved search results

. Fon: dot matrix font file

. For:Fortran language program

. Shortcut keys for fonts.

. Fp: Configuration file, which exists in the environment of Dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Fpt: Remarks field file, which exists in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Frt: report file exists in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Frx: report file, which exists in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

Fxp: the compiled program exists in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Gif: A compressed graphics file format that can be processed by various graphics processing software on various platforms.

. Grh: the image typesetting file of Founder Company.

. Grp: a group window file generated by the program manager under Windows.

. goc:Gocserve

. gra:MSGraph。 Chart 5

. H: c source program header file

. Hlp:Windows application help file

. Hqx: BinHex is used in Macintosh to encode binary files into 7-bit text files. Most Macintosh files appear as. hqx(。 Bin is rarely used). In Macintosh, StuffIt Expander can be used for decoding. Hqx, and in Windows, BinHex 13 can be used for decoding.

. Ht: HyperTerminal

. Htm: save a text file in hypertext description language to describe various web pages and open it in various browsers.

. Html: same. Htm file.

. Icm: Image Color Matching Profile

. Ico: Icon file ico:Windows, which can contain multiple formats of the same icon and is created by icon editing software.

. Idf:MIDI instrument definition

. Idx: index file exists in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Iff: file exchange format file, mostly used in Amiga platform, on which almost all kinds of data can be stored. On other platforms, IFF file format is mainly used to store image and sound files.

. Image: MAcintosh disk image file, which is common in the FTP site of Apple computer, has been heat shrunk and packaged in Macintosh.

. Ime: ime: input method file under windows.

. Img: disk image file, which can be restored to disk after being opened with tools such as HD-copy and WinImage.

. Inc: Assembly language contains files, similar to. H file in C/C++.

. INF: Software installation information under INF:Windows. Standard installer inf:Windows installs software and drivers according to the installation information in this file.

. Ini: Initialization information file ini:Windows, not used much. The new application will save the settings in the system registry.

. Jar: compressed file, a new version of ARJ, but not very popular, you can open it with WinJar, Winrar, etc.

. Jpeg: A compressed image file, and. jpg。

. Jpg: The still image compression standard developed by the still image expert group has a high compression ratio and is widely used. It can be created by image processing software such as PhotoShop.

. LNK: Shortcut. This file points to another file. Each item in the program folder of the Start menu is an lnk file.

. Log: a log file, usually used to record some events and so on.

. Lzh: An ancient compressed file that can be opened with WinRAR.

. Mac: The medium gray graphic file format used by Macintosh, which is used for Macintosh brushes, and the resolution can only be 720*567.

. Mag: graphic file format

. MDB: The database format used by Microsoft Access is a very popular desktop database.

. Men: memory application files exist in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Mid: Audio compressed files used to be popular, but now the software is rarely used.

Rle: A compressed bitmap file format. RLE compression scheme is an extremely mature compression scheme. Its characteristic is lossless compression, which not only saves disk space, but also does not lose any image data. It takes more time to open this compressed file. In addition, some applications with poor compatibility may not be opened.

. Compressed video files supported by RealPlayer under Windows are very popular streaming video files on the Internet, and many real-time video news adopt this format. However, the latest Windows Media Video V8 has launched a powerful offensive against it.

. Rmi :MIDI sequence file

. Rtf: rich text format file, which describes the content in plain text, can save various format information, and can be created by compiling version, Word, etc.

. Sav: archive file

. Scp: A script file for automatic dial-up login of Internet dial-up users under Windows system, which can avoid tedious keyboard input when logging in manually.

Scr: barrier protection document

. Sct: screen file

. Scx: screen file

. Set :Microsoft backup set file, which is used to save information such as contents and settings to be backed up.

. Shb: Shortcuts to documents.

. Snd :Mac sound file, a sound file format developed by Apple Computer Company, is supported by Macintosh platform and various Macintosh applications, and supports partial compression.

. Sql: Query files, which are used in the environment of dbase, FoxBase and FoxPro series software.

. Svg :SVG can be regarded as the hottest image file format at present. It is developed by WorldWideWebConsortium based on XML, and SVG is a scalable vector graphic.

. Svx :Amiga sound file, a sound file format developed by Commodore, is supported by the Amiga platform and applications, and does not support compression.

. Swf :flash is a product of micro media company. Strictly speaking, it is an animation editing software. In fact, it generates an animation with a suffix. Sovereign wealth fund. This format of animation can express rich multimedia forms in a relatively small volume, and can also achieve a state of "harmony" with HTML files.

. Swg: Virtual memory swap file, used by the operating system.

. Sys: system files, drivers, etc. There are different definitions in different operating systems.

picture format

The following is from:; 3203 14

Picture format: raster picture

BMP:Windows bitmap

Windows bitmaps can store a single raster image of any color depth (from black and white to 24-bit color). Windows bitmap file format is compatible with other Microsoft Windows programs. It does not support file compression, nor does it apply to web pages.

Generally speaking, the disadvantages of Windows bitmap file format outweigh the advantages. To ensure the quality of photo images, please use PNG files, JPEG files or TIFF files. BMP file is suitable for wallpaper in Windows.

Advantages:? BMP supports 1 bit to 24-bit color depth.

BMP format is widely compatible with existing Windows programs (especially older programs).

Disadvantages:? BMP does not support compression, which will make the file very large.

The Web browser does not support BMP files.

Pcx: computer brush

PC brush pictures (also known as Z-Soft bitmaps) store a single raster image at any color depth. Brush drawing is more widely used in early Windows programs and programs based on MS-DOS. Brush drawing is compatible with many newer programs. PCX pictures support RLE internal compression.

Advantages:? PCX is a standard format between many Windows-based programs and MS-DOS-based programs.

PCX supports internal compression.

Disadvantages:? Web browser does not support PCX.

PNG: portable network graphics

PNG pictures store a single raster image at any color depth. PNG is a platform-independent format.

Advantages:? PNG supports advanced lossless compression.

PNG supports alpha channel transparency.

PNG supports gamma correction.

PNG supports interleaving.

The latest web browsers support PNG.

Disadvantages:? Older browsers and programs may not support PNG files.

As an Internet file format, PNG provides less compression than JPEG lossy compression.

As an Internet file format, PNG does not support multi-image files or animation files. GIF format supports multi-image files and animation files.

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPEG pictures store a single raster image in 24-bit color. JPEG is a platform-independent format that supports the highest level of compression. However, this compression is lossy. Progressive JPEG files support interleaving.

You can increase or decrease the compression level of JPEG files. However, the file size is at the expense of image quality. The compression ratio can be as high as 100: 1. (JPEG format can easily compress files at the ratio of 10: 1 to 20: 1, and the image quality will not decrease. ) JPEG compression can handle realistic photographic works well. However, JPEG compression can not provide ideal results for simple works with few colors, strong contrast, solid color borders or large solid color areas. Sometimes the compression ratio is as low as 5: 1, which seriously loses the integrity of the picture. The reason for this loss is that JPEG compression scheme can compress similar tones well, but JPEG compression scheme can not deal with strong differences in brightness or solid color areas well.

Advantages:? Photographic works or realistic works support advanced compression.

The file size can be controlled by variable compression ratio.

Support interleaving (for progressive JPEG files).

JPEG widely supports Internet standards.

Disadvantages:? Lossy compression will reduce the quality of the original image data.

When you edit and resave a JPEG file, JPEG will mix the quality of the original picture data. This decline is cumulative.

JPEG is not suitable for simple pictures with few colors, similar colors in a large area or obvious brightness difference.

GIF: graphic interchange format

GIF pictures store single raster image data or multiple raster image data in 8-bit colors or 256 colors. GIF pictures support transparent, compressed, interlaced and multi-image pictures (animated GIF).

GIF transparency is not alpha channel transparency, so it cannot support translucent effect. GIF compression is LZW compression, and the compression ratio is about 3: 1. GIF89a version of GIF file specification supports dynamic GIF.

Advantages:? GIF widely supports Internet standards.

Support lossless compression and transparency.

Animation GIF is very popular, and it is easy to make with many GIF animation programs.

Disadvantages:? GIF only supports a 256-color palette, so detailed pictures and realistic photographic images will lose color information, but they look tonal.

In most cases, lossless compression is not as good as JPEG format or PNG format.

GIF supports limited transparency and has no translucent effect or fading effect (such as the effect provided by alpha channel transparency).

TIFF: tag image file format

TIFF stores a single raster image at any color depth. TIFF can be considered as the most widely supported graphic file format in the printing industry. TIFF supports optional compression and is not suitable for viewing in a Web browser.

TIFF format is an extensible format. This means that programmers can modify the original specification to add functionality or meet specific requirements. Modifying the specification may lead to incompatibility between different types of TIFF pictures.

Advantages:? TIFF is a widely supported format, especially between Macintosh computers and Windows-based computers.

Support optional compression.

Extensible format supports many optional functions.

Disadvantages:? The Web browser does not support TIFF.

Extensibility will lead to many different types of TIFF pictures. Not all TIFF files are compatible with all programs that support the basic TIFF standard.

Picture format: vector picture

DXF:AutoCAD graphic interchange file

DXF is a vector-based ASCII format used by Autodesk AutoCAD programs. AutoCAD can provide very detailed and fully extensible charts.

Advantages:? You can use AutoCAD to create very detailed and accurate charts and graphs.

AutoCAD files are very popular in architecture, design and sculpture industries.

Disadvantages:? The support of AutoCAD in Office is limited, and Office supports AutoCAD versions before R 12.

The learning curve of AutoCAD is steep. Please note that other graphics programs can also export DXF pictures.

Computer graphics metafile

CGM metafile can contain vector information and bitmap information. It is an international standardized file format used by many organizations and government agencies, including British Standards Institute (BSI), American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and US Department of Defense.

Advantages:? CGM is an international standard format.

CDR:CorelDRAW！

CorelDRAW！ Metafiles can contain vector information and bitmap information.

Advantages:? CDR is widely used in prepress industry and art design industry.

Disadvantages:? CDR has limited support in Office, and Office supports CorelDRAW! Version 6 and earlier.

WMF: window metafile

Windows metafile is a 16-bit Tu Tu metafile format, which can contain vector information and bitmap information. It is optimized for the Windows operating system.

Advantages:? WMF is a Windows standard format, which can be well used in office.

EPS: encapsulated PostScript

"Encapsulated PostScript" format is a special printer description language, which can describe vector information and bitmap information.

Advantages:? EPS can accurately render the effect on any PostScript printer.

EPS is an industry standard format.

Disadvantages:? The screen display may be inconsistent with the output display. The screen display may be low resolution, may be a different image, or just a placeholder image.

EPS file is used for output. They are not the most suitable formats for displaying information on the screen.

EMF: enhanced metafile

Enhanced metafile is a 32-bit format, which can contain vector information and bitmap information. This format is an improvement on the "Windows Metafile Format" and contains some extended functions, such as the following:

Built-in zoom information

Built-in instructions saved with the file

Improvements in color palette and device independence

The EMF format is extensible, which means that programmers can modify the original specification to add functions or meet specific requirements. This modification may lead to incompatibility between different types of EMF pictures.

Advantages:? Extensible file format

Compared with WMF, improved functions

Disadvantages:? Extensibility can produce many different types of EMF pictures, and not all EMF files are compatible with all programs that support EMF standards.

PICT: Macintosh pictures

PICT file is a 32-bit bitmap metafile format for Macintosh computers. PICT file uses RLE internal compression, and the effect is quite good. If QuickTime is installed, PICT files support JPEG compression (Macintosh only).

Advantages:? PICT is the best file format for Macintosh computer screen display.

PICT is the best output format when outputting from Macintosh computer to non-PostScript printer.

Disadvantages:? Fonts may not display correctly when moving between platforms.

QuickTime must be installed to view some PICT files correctly.

Resolution and color depth

This section discusses the appropriate color depth and resolution of raster images. If you save the picture with the correct resolution and color settings, a smaller file will be created. Smaller files mean smaller and faster documents and presentations. What you are most interested in is to make your pictures as small as possible within the requirements of picture use.

screen display

Number of colors, internet use, non-internet use

1 (black and white) GIF, with a resolution of 72 pixels per inch (ppi) GIF and a resolution of 72 pixels per inch (ppi).

16 GIF, resolution 72 ppi GIF, resolution 72 ppi.

256 (simple picture) * GIF resolution 72 ppi GIF resolution 72 ppi.

256 (complex image) * JPEG, with a resolution of 72 ppi JPEG and a resolution of 72 ppi.

Above 256 JPEG or PNG resolution 72 ppi JPEG, PNG or TIFF resolution 72 ppi.

Note: Microsoft recommends a resolution of 72 pixels/inch, because most monitors have a resolution between 60 pixels/inch and 80 pixels/inch. Saving at a higher resolution will not produce higher display quality, because your monitor cannot display more pixels than it actually does. You should calculate dots per inch according to the finished size of the picture, not the original size. For example, if you are scanning an 8.5 x 2-inch letterhead for a web page and the finished width is 2 inches, you can use 72 ppi to scan these 2 inches, totaling 144 pixels. When the size is set to 2 inches and displayed in the display viewer, the final file will look very good.

* Note: In 256 colors, JPEG files can provide a higher compression level than GIF files. However, JPEG compression is not as effective as GIF compression when compressing some simple files.

If your picture is a grayscale picture with a large solid color area, or an area with high contrast (there is a strong difference between bright and dark areas), choose GIF format.

If your picture is a color picture with many different colors (tones) and similar brightness or darkness (values), please choose JPEG format, because JPEG format can provide better compression. JPEG compression works according to hue, which is suitable for dealing with different hues with similar values. JPEG compression can't handle similar tones with different values well.

Print out

How to create a good printout is a complex topic, because there are many printers available, and each printer has different functions to generate color output and gray output. The main factor to produce good printout is the number of lines per inch (LPI) that the printer can print.

To print in color or grayscale mode, the printer must print in halftone mode. Midtones are arrays of points arranged in a grid, which represent each image pixel as a gray shadow. For dark gray, most points in the grid will be filled. For light gray, only a few points on the grid are filled. The LPI setting of the printer determines the size of the grid. The higher the LPI, the smaller the grid, and the less gray shadows the printer presents.

To print in color, the printer must print overlapping lines of color dots. Each point is set at a different angle from other points and will be slightly offset, so these points cannot completely cover each other. This unit of measurement is called "screen frequency" and is expressed by the rotation angle of the lines that make up the color points.

The following table can help you choose the best resolution for scanning, in dots per inch (dpi).

Printer Type Output dpi Output LPI Scan ppi

Laser printer 300 55-65 120

Laser printer 600 65-85 150

Inkjet printer 300 50-60 1 10

Dye printer 300 55-70 125

Imagesetter1250+120-150 300

To calculate the target scan resolution, you can multiply the LPI of the printer by 2. This is a universal law. To know the LPI of your printer, please refer to your printer documentation.

Note: When you apply the general rules of LPI Times 2, you must experiment. Some printers support very high resolution. If you save a picture with a resolution greater than 300 ppi, the larger picture may occupy a lot of disk space and slow down other operations on the computer. Multiple large pictures in the document may cause the program to stop responding, or Windows may stop responding.

The only exception to this rule is pure black and white images, that is, "line" images. These images use 1 bit to store color information. Please scan these images at the scale of 1 to 1. If your printer has a resolution of 600 dpi, please scan these images in line mode of 600 ppi.

If you want your pictures to be displayed in grayscale or less than 256 colors, please use TIFF format or GIF format. TIFF format is a graphic standard in printing industry, because TIFF format does not use lossy compression scheme. Other formats, such as JPEG, use lossy compression schemes. TIFF also supports multilayer transparency, and other formats rarely support multilayer transparency.

If the picture exceeds 256 colors, please save the picture in TIFF format or PNG format. If transparency is needed, Microsoft recommends using PNG format. If transparency is not required, please use TIFF format.

Microsoft recommends that you save the picture according to the printer resolution of the final picture size. For example, suppose you have an 8.5 x 2 inch letterhead, and you need to print a 2 inch letterhead. If your printer supports 600 dpi and 85 LPI, please set the resolution of the picture at 2 inches to 150 ppi, and you can get the size of 300 x 7 1 pixel.

term

Alpha channel: Alpha channel describes the transparent area in the picture. This transparent area allows the background to be displayed transparently. The Alpha channel allows more than 64,000 layers of transparent effects, so you can use translucent effects and mixed effects.

Color depth: Color depth is the number of colors in the picture. Color depth is classified by bit depth. If you use a deeper color depth, there will be more colors in the picture, but a deeper color depth will also increase the file size. ? 1 bit: black and white only

8 bits: 256 shades of gray or 256 colors.

16: high color, 65536 colors

24 bits: true color, 16,777,216 color.

32 bits: true color, 4,294,967,296 colors.

Compression: Compression is a mathematical scheme that makes picture files smaller by deleting redundant information. There are two types of compression: lossless compression and lossy compression.

Compression, lossless: lossless compression is a compression scheme that emphasizes maintaining the integrity of the original picture. When the picture is decompressed, it will maintain the same resolution and picture quality as the original uncompressed picture.

Compression, Lossy: Lossy compression is a compression scheme that emphasizes the generation of small picture files (even at the expense of picture quality). Compared with lossless compression, lossy compression can generate smaller picture files; However, when you decompress the picture, some original picture data will be lost and cannot be recovered.

File size: When you deal with picture files, the file size is the ultimate limiting factor. When working with pictures in Microsoft Office, file size is the most common cause of problems. The file size is determined by the following factors: picture size, resolution, file format, compression and color depth.

Gamma correction: this is a method to correct the brightness or darkness of a picture so that the picture is displayed with the same brightness on any display.

Hue: Hue describes the relative amount of red, green or blue in a color. For example, pink and crimson have red tones.

Interleaving: Interleaving is a method of sending picture data through the Internet. When a picture is interlaced, the following will happen: After downloading 1/64 of the picture, you can see the overall image of the appearance and shape of the picture.