Forestry professional knowledge

There are too many professional knowledge of forestry, depending on what you want.

Overview of modern forestry examination

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) The concept and connotation of modern forestry.

(2) The main features and construction objectives of modern forestry.

(3) The contents of "six major projects" and "five major changes" of modern forestry in China.

(4) The connotation and principles of sustainable forest management.

(5) The concept and characteristics of forest ecosystem management.

(6) The connotation of forestry biomass energy and material construction.

(7) The concepts of forestry carbon sink and "carbon sink trading".

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(8)* Five major problems of forestry development during the 11th Five-Year Plan period.

(9) The main problems and solutions of traditional plantation cultivation in China.

(10) The concept and connotation of forestry classified management.

(1 1) The concept, characteristics and technical points of near-natural forest management.

What you need to know:

(12) The historical background of the birth of modern forestry in China.

(13) The main contents of the Decision on Accelerating Forestry Development issued by the Central Committee of the State Council on June 25th, 2003.

(14) On August 10, 2007, the State Forestry Administration and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the main contents of the Key Points of Forestry Industrial Policy.

(15)* Advantages and potentials of developing modern forestry in Hunan.

(16)* Spatial layout of Hunan forestry development.

Examination outline of forestry policy and forestry regulations

Forestry management and forestry laws and regulations

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) The basic content of forest law and the composition of China's forestry laws and regulations system.

(2) the characteristics and types of evidence, the concept and elements of illegal acts.

(2) Principles, types, conditions and procedures of forestry administrative punishment.

(3) Principles, scope, jurisdiction, procedures and conditions of forestry administrative reconsideration and forestry administrative litigation.

(4) The legal provisions of forest right management, including the concept of forest right; The main content of forest right; Contents and procedures of forest right registration; Forest right transfer; Main legal provisions on occupation and requisition of forest land; Methods and procedures for solving disputes over forest rights.

(five) the legal provisions of forest management, including forest species division, long-term forestry planning and forest management plan; Forest resources inventory and forest resources file system.

(6) Main legal provisions on forest fire prevention and forest pest control.

(7) the legal provisions of afforestation.

(8) The scope of forest cutting quota, and the principles and procedures for setting annual cutting quota.

(9) Timber management and transportation management are the main contents of the import and export management of precious trees and its products and derivatives.

(10) The legal system of wildlife protection and nature reserves includes the basic contents of related systems such as the protected objects of wildlife, the conditions and procedures for establishing nature reserves, etc.

(1 1) The legal system of forest seeds includes the main contents of seed examination, production, management and use.

(12) Main legal responsibilities and types of violating forest law. Including illegal logging, deforestation, illegal acquisition of trees that are known to be illegal logging, illegal issuance and sale of certificates and documents such as forest cutting licenses and timber transportation licenses, deforestation, quarrying, sand mining, earth borrowing, failure to complete reforestation tasks according to regulations, unauthorized management and processing of timber in forest areas, illegal change of forest land use, illegal transportation of timber and other illegal acts.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) The main content and significance of collective forest right system reform.

(2) The basic practice and significance of classified forestry management.

(3) The main measures to support forestry in China.

(4) The main policy obstacles and improvement measures for the development of non-public forestry in China.

(5) The significance of forest ecological benefit compensation and the main ways to implement it.

(6) The main contents and improvement measures of China's forestry tax and fee policy.

What you need to know:

(1) Similarities and differences between forestry policies and forestry laws and regulations

(2) The basic contents and related components of the concepts of policy, forestry policy, formulation and implementation of forestry policy, three major forestry decisions, returning farmland to forests policy, six major forestry projects, forest ecological benefit compensation fund, non-public forestry, afforestation fund and forestry leap-forward development.

(3) Principles and main responsibilities of forestry management.

(four) the competent forestry department and its main responsibilities; The position and function of forest public security organs and grass-roots forestry workstations.

(5) Contract legal knowledge related to contracted management and forest land circulation, including contract terms, performance, liability for breach of contract, and contract dispute resolution methods.

Examination outline of forestry specialty

First, professional basic knowledge

1, knowledge of forest botany

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Classification system of gymnosperms and angiosperms (2) Biological characteristics and ecological habits of main afforestation tree species in Hunan Province.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) Basic principles of plant taxonomy (2) Composition of plant scientific names

What you need to know:

Families, Genus and Species of Main Afforestation Tree Species in Hunan Province

2. Soil science knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Basic law of soil formation (2) Composition of soil ecosystem.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) External factors affecting soil formation (2) Characteristics of fertilizers commonly used in forestry.

What you need to know: (1) The distribution law of soil in Hunan; (2) Plant nutrition diagnosis methods and techniques.

3, plant physiology knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Water metabolism and mineral nutrition of plants; (2) Photosynthesis and respiration of plants.

(3) Application of plant growth substances in forestry

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) transportation and distribution of plant assimilates; (2) Plant growth physiology, flowering physiology and reproductive physiology.

What you need to know: (1)* Physiology of plant maturity and senescence (2)* Physiology of plant stress resistance.

4. Knowledge of forest ecology

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Basic concepts and main features of forest ecosystem (2) Energy flow law and material circulation process of forest ecosystem.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) structural characteristics of forest population and forest community; (2) reasons and patterns of forest ecosystem succession.

What you need to know: (1)* Present situation and prospect of ecological model (2)* Relationship between forest ecology and sustainable development of forestry.

5, forest genetic breeding knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Basic principles and methods of selection breeding (2) Basic concepts and hybridization techniques of cross breeding.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) Investigation methods of germplasm resources (2) Conservation techniques and research methods of germplasm resources.

What you need to know: (1) The position and role of forest tree genetic breeding in forestry production (2)* Achievements and existing problems of forest tree breeding in Hunan Province.

6, forest cultivation knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) basic theory of flower bud differentiation, fruiting and seed formation (2) significance, basic principles and methods of afforestation tree species selection (3) purpose, significance, methods and characteristics of forest tending and thinning (4) significance and object of stand transformation.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) Statistical and biological principles and operation methods of seed yield prediction (2) Basic theories and methods of tree species mixing.

(3) Theoretical basis of forest tending and thinning (4) Effective ways to protect natural forests.

What you need to know:

(1) Achievements and main problems of afforestation projects in Hunan Province after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

(2)* The history and present situation of the development of forest seedling work in Hunan Province, the development trend of seedling science and the current cutting-edge technology.

7, forest protection knowledge

Knowledge to be mastered: (1) Basic principles and main management methods of integrated forest pest management (2) Basic principles and methods of integrated forest pest management (3) Biological pest control technology (4) Occurrence regularity of forest fires.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) approaches and technologies of forest pest resource management (2) occurrence mechanism and regularity of main forest pests (3) investigation of forest pests (4) forest fire fighting technology and aftercare management (5) comprehensive forest fire prevention technology.

What you need to know:

(1) Occurrence regularity of main forest diseases in Hunan (2) Overview of main forest diseases and insect pests in Hunan (3) Application of microorganisms in forestry.

(4) Comprehensive prevention and control of forest fire (5) Forest fire assessment

8. Knowledge of soil and water conservation

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Basic principles of soil erosion (2) Engineering measures of soil and water conservation (3) Forestry measures of soil and water conservation.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) theoretical basis of watershed management (2) system of watershed management measures.

What you need to know: (1) Analysis and evaluation of river basin system; (2) Governance and implementation of river basin planning.

9. Need familiar knowledge:

(1) China Forest Resources Inventory System (2) China Forest Resources Status and Characteristics

(3) Theory and technology of forest management scheme of state-owned forest farms and collective forest farms. (4) adjustment of forest structure

(5) Making forestry thematic map with GIS; (4) China forest cutting quota management system. Application process of timber cutting license and transportation license. (5) Forest land requisition management process. (6) Forest resources policy (7) Forest ecosystem management

What you need to know:

(1) forest theory (2) concept of forest harvest adjustment (3) theoretical model of forest management

(4) Forest management decision-making; (5) The theory of forestry sustainable development; (6) Forest resource information management.

(7) Development of remote sensing technology (8) Remote sensing image processing (9) Aerial photography and geometric features of aerial photographs.

10 mathematical statistics knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) basic steps and application conditions of variance analysis (2) single-factor and two-factor variance analysis methods.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: the steps of unary linear regression analysis method

What you need to know: the methods and steps to estimate the mean and variance of a single normal population and two normal populations.

Second, professional knowledge

1, master the intensive management technology of seed collection mother forest.

2. Understand the seed characteristics of main afforestation tree species and master their storage methods and techniques.

3, master the methods and techniques to improve the yield and quality of seedlings.

4, master the mixed forest construction technology.

5. Master the principles and methods of plastic trimming.

6, familiar with China's main economic trees and their cultivation.

7, master the sources and types of raw materials for processing and utilization of economic forest products.

8, familiar with the processing and utilization of various economic forest products.

9. Understand the causes of low-yield and low-efficiency forests and master their transformation measures.

10, * Understand the application of biotechnology in forest tree breeding.

1 1. Master the application of mathematical statistics in forestry.

12, master the seed preservation technology of 1-2 tree species.

13, master the cultivation techniques of the main afforestation tree species in Hunan 1-2.

14, master the comprehensive control technology of Dendrolimus punctatus.

15, master the prediction and integrated control technology of pests and rodents in the main forests in southern China.

16, master the occurrence and development law of economic forest pests and diseases.

17, master forest fire fighting technology and fire aftermath management technology.

18 * Understand the application of biotechnology in forest breeding and forest protection.

19 * Understanding the application of mathematical statistics method in forest rat pest prediction

Third, new technical knowledge.

1, master the layout of nursery and the configuration of modern facilities.

2, * understand the new technology of forest breeding.

3, * understand the basic principle of natural forest protection project.

4, * new technology of pest control

5. New technologies for high-quality and efficient management of economic forests

6. New technologies for preservation and processing of economic forest products

Four. Main bibliography

1, dendrology (Southern Edition), edited by editorial board, China Forestry Publishing House.

2. Soil Science, edited by Lin Dayi, China Forestry Publishing House.

3. Plant Physiology (4th Edition), edited by Pan Ruichi, Higher Education Press.

4. Forest Ecology (Second Edition), edited by Li Jingwen, China Forestry Publishing House.

5. Forest Breeding, edited by Wang Mingnian, China Forestry Publishing House.

6. Forest Cultivation, edited by Shen Guofang, China Forestry Publishing House.

7. Basic Knowledge of Forest Fire Prevention, edited by Wen Dingyuan, China Forestry Publishing House.

8. Forest Entomology (Second Edition), edited by Zhang Zhizhong, China Forestry Publishing House.

9. Diseases of Trees and Flowers, edited by Wu, Ocean Press.

10, Soil and Water Conservation, edited by Wang Lixian, China Forestry Press.

1 1, Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, edited by Sheng Chu, Higher Education Press.

12, Basic Course of Remote Sensing Technology, edited by Lin Hui, Central South University Press, 2002.

13, Tree Survey, edited by Meng Xianyu, China Forestry Publishing House, 1996.

14, Forestry System Engineering, edited by Xu Guozhen, China Forestry Publishing House, 1992.

15, Forest Resources Management, edited by Kang Xingang, China Forestry Publishing House, 200 1.

16, mathematical statistics, provincial books, higher education press, 1989.

17, Forestry Economics, edited by Qiu, China Forestry Press, 2002.

18, Surveying, edited by Feng Zhongke, China Forestry Press, 2002.

19, Forest Protection, edited by Wei Meicai, Liaoning University Press.

20. Plant Quarantine, edited by Zhu Xiru, Chemical Industry Press.

2 1, Nature Reserve Science, edited by Ma, Northeast Forestry University Press.

22. Wildlife Management, edited by Ma, Northeast Forestry University Press.

23. Cultivation of Economic Forests (First Edition), edited by Central South Forestry College, China Forestry Press.

Assessment outline of forest products industry

Wood processing examination outline

First, professional basic knowledge

1, basic knowledge of wood science

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Macrostructure of wood (2) Cell wall structure of wood (3) Microstructure of wood.

(4) Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of wood *

(5) Wood defects and their influence on processing *

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) Environmental characteristics of wood (2) Structure and properties of bamboo.

2. Basic knowledge of wood protection

Knowledge to be mastered: (1) Scientific storage of wood (2) Anti-corrosion and insect-proof treatment of wood (3) Flame retardant treatment of wood *

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) wood color treatment (2) wood degreasing treatment.

What needs to be understood: (1) Size stabilization treatment of wood (2) Strengthening treatment of wood (3) Environmental problems in wood protection.

3. Basic knowledge of wood drying

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Wood and moisture (2) Properties of wood drying medium.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) Common methods of wood drying (2) Common standards of wood drying (3) Various types of wood drying rooms.

What you need to know: (1) drying equipment and measuring instruments (2) wood drying theory.

4. Basic knowledge of wood processing equipment

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) Basic concept of hydraulic transmission (2) Hydraulic transmission system in wood processing equipment *

What you need to know:

(1) Basic structure and working principle of wood-based panel production equipment (2) Basic structure and working principle of furniture production equipment.

Second, professional knowledge

1, the main knowledge of wood processing technology

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) raw materials and products for wood production (2) log supply and storage (3) log sawing technology.

(4) Basic products of solid wood processing

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) laminated wood production technology (2) solid wood floor production technology.

What you need to know: (1) Application and development of wood structure at home and abroad; (2) Centering method of log rotary cutting.

(3) Different wood treatment methods in solid wood processing.

2, the main knowledge of wood-based panel production technology

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Classification, performance and application of wood-based panels (2) Main production technology of wood-based panels.

(3) Requirements of raw materials for wood-based panels (4) Adhesives and additives for wood-based panels *

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) basic unit manufacturing (veneer manufacturing, veneer manufacturing, wood shavings preparation, fiber separation)

(2) Basic unit drying (veneer drying, wood shavings drying and fiber drying)

(3) Re-processing of basic units

(4) Basic unit sizing (adhesive preparation, veneer sizing, particle sizing and fiber sizing)

(5) Slab forming and prepressing

What you need to know:

(1) Basic principles and methods of hot pressing (2) Post-treatment of wood-based panels (3) Process design and calculation of wood-based panels.

(4) The structure and characteristics of special wood-based panels (cement composite panels, gypsum composite panels, non-adhesive wood-based panels, large particleboard and non-wood plant panels).

3. Functional treatment of wood-based panels

Knowledge to be mastered: (1) Basic characteristics of wood-based panels (2) Materials for surface decoration (3) Adhesives for surface decoration.

Knowledge content to be familiar with: (1) impregnated paper veneer technology (2) impregnated paper production technology (3) decorative lamination production and veneer technology (4) veneer veneer veneer technology.

What you need to know: (1) fireproof and waterproof treatment of base material; (2) veneer manufacturing process.

4, the main knowledge of furniture manufacturing technology

Knowledge content to be mastered: (1) Basic processing technology of wooden furniture.

(2) Structural design of wooden furniture (internal structure of furniture and connection method of each part)

(3) Various connection methods and technical requirements of wooden furniture.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) Types of wooden furniture (concepts, characteristics, functional requirements and basic dimensions of all kinds of furniture)

(2) perspective view of furniture

(3) Principles and steps of wooden furniture design.

(4) Mechanical processing of wooden parts (manufacturing process of bent parts, manufacturing and processing of cladding plates, carving, etc.). )

(5) Assembly technology of wooden furniture (6) Basic materials of wooden furniture

What you need to know: (1) Artistic treatment of wooden furniture (2) Surface decoration of wooden furniture.

(3) Aesthetic principles of furniture modeling design (4) Ergonomics of furniture.

Three, new technology (methods, materials) knowledge

1, master the source of raw materials and future development direction of wood processing industry.

2. Familiar with the development trend of wood-based panel industry in recent years in product development, process change, new technology application, equipment renewal, energy utilization, etc.

3, familiar with the furniture industry in recent years in product design, new technology application, the use of new equipment and other aspects of the development trend.

4. Understand the application of computer-aided design technology in furniture design.

5. Understand the properties of wood and the latest progress in the modification and utilization of fast-growing industrial plantations.

Four. Main bibliography

1, edited by Liu Yixing and Zhao Guangjie. Wood resources and materials science. China Forestry Press, 2004.

2. Editor in Chief Gu. Wood processing technology. China Forestry Press. 2004

3. Editor-in-chief Li Li. Woodworking equipment. China Forestry Press, 2005.

4. Xie Yongqun, edited by Gao Jingui. Woodworking equipment. China Forestry Press, 2005.

5. Zhu Zhengxian. Wood drying. China Forestry Press, 1999.

6. Editor-in-Chief Hua Yukun. Production technology of wood-based panel. China Forestry Press, 2002.

7. Edited by Deng Beijie. Furniture manufacturing technology. Chemical Industry Press, 2006.

8. Li Jian, Editor-in-Chief, Wood Protection, Science Press, 2006.

9. Han Jian. Surface decoration technology of wood-based panel. China Forestry Press, 2002.

10, edited by Xiang Shilong and Jiang Yuanzhou. Non-wood plant board. China Forestry Press, 200 1.

Examination outline of forest chemical industry

First, professional basic knowledge

1, knowledge of organic chemistry

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) Important Physical and Chemical Properties of Common Organic Compounds

(2) Inspection methods and purification methods of common organic matter.

Attachment: The main organic compounds include the following categories: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbons (alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids), natural organic compounds (flavonoids, alkaloids and lignans), etc.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

Relationship between chemical structure and physical and chemical properties of common organic compounds

What you need to know:

Correct names and structures of various common functional compounds

2. Knowledge of chemical principles

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) basic chemical unit operation principle.

(2) Calculation of common processes and design calculation or selection of typical equipment.

Attachment: Chemical unit operations include: fluid flow, fluid transportation, heat exchange, evaporation, distillation, absorption, extraction, drying, etc.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

The basic concept of basic unit operation and the basic three-transfer theory (momentum transfer, heat transfer and mass transfer theory)

What you need to know:

Typical equipment structure and selection basis in the process of chemical unit operation

3. Basic knowledge of chemical equipment and machinery

Knowledge content to be mastered:

Design and calculation method of medium and low pressure pressure vessels and typical chemical equipment

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

Force analysis and equilibrium law of (1) rigid body

(2) Membrane stress, bending stress and secondary stress in pressure vessel.

(3) Internal pressure vessel and external pressure vessel

What you need to know:

Basic mechanical theory of (1) plates and shells

(2) Basic knowledge of metal materials

(3) Common materials for pressure vessels and chemical equipment

(4) Standard parts and accessories on pressure vessels

4. Knowledge of wood chemistry

Knowledge content to be mastered:

Chemical structural formula, chemical properties and physical properties of three elements (cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose) in wood cell wall structure.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

Chemical composition, chemical structure, analytical methods and wood terms of wood cell wall

What you need to know:

(1) Wood structure: macro structure, micro structure.

(2) Structural characteristics of cork and hardwood

Second, professional knowledge

1, technical knowledge of forest products chemical industry

Knowledge content to be mastered

(1) Process flow, process conditions and equipment characteristics of resin processing by continuous steam distillation.

(2) Factors affecting the color, softening point and crystallization trend of rosin products.

(3) Understand the characteristics of leaching process, and what are the factors that affect the yield and quality of leaching solution?

(4) The technological conditions and equipment of evaporative drying, and the role of sulfite in tannin extract production.

(5) Mechanism, typical process and equipment of gas activation and chemical activation of activated carbon.

Knowledge content that needs to be familiar with

(1) Basic composition characteristics and physical and chemical properties of turpentine, rosin and turpentine.

(2) The principle of processing turpentine by steam distillation.

(3) Basic principles and methods of solvent extraction.

(4) The basic composition, chemical structure and physical and chemical properties of tannin extract.

(5) Thermal decomposition process theory of main components in plant raw materials.

(6) Pore structure, adsorption performance and application of activated carbon.

What you need to know:

(1) Separation and verification methods of turpentine, rosin and turpentine.

(2) The principle, methods and characteristics of oleoresin collection and the factors affecting oleoresin yield.

(3) Extraction and treatment technology and route of crude wood pulp oil slick.

(4) the use of tannin extract

(5) Thermal decomposition of main products of plant raw materials

2, forest products analysis knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered:

Analysis and determination methods of various quality indexes specified by forest chemical products; Specific experimental contents include

Determination of Soluble Matter and Insoluble Matter in (1) Tannin Extract

(2) Calculation of tannin content in tannin extract

(3) Color and appearance verification of rosin

(4) Determination of softening point of rosin

(5) Determination of crystallization trend of rosin

(6) Identification of turpentine color and appearance

(7) Determination of refractive index of turpentine

(8) Determination of relative density of turpentine

(9) Determination of decolorizing power of powdered activated carbon methylene blue

(10) Determination of PH value of powdered activated carbon

Determination of calcium and magnesium in (1 1) powdered activated carbon

(12) Preparation of Activated Carbon by Physical Method and Chemical Method

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) Operating principles of various instruments and equipment

(2) Conventional chemical analysis theory

What you need to know:

(1) Basic professional knowledge and professional knowledge

(2) The structure, use and maintenance methods of conventional instruments and equipment.

(3) Various quality indicators specified by forest chemical products

3, pulping and papermaking technology knowledge

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) material preparation process, process conditions and equipment

(2) Chemical pulping (alkaline pulping and sulfite pulping) and production methods, process equipment and technology of waste paper pulp.

(3) Washing, screening and purification of paper, and bleaching of paper.

(4) Recycling of cooking waste liquid.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) Basic theory of chemical pulping (alkaline pulping and sulfite pulping)

(2) Basic theory, production method, technology and equipment of high-yield pulping (including high-yield chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp, chemical mechanical pulp and mechanical pulp).

What you need to know:

The latest development and trend of pulping theory and technology

Third, new technical knowledge.

1, technical knowledge of forest products fine chemical industry

Knowledge content to be mastered:

(1) Processing methods and conditions of various fine chemicals with rosin and turpentine as raw materials; The deep processing products of rosin turpentine mainly include surfactants, food additives, coatings, terpenoid spices and so on.

(2) The synthetic route and conditions of vegetable tanning agent and adhesive.

Knowledge content to be familiar with:

(1) Fine chemicals processing theory with rosin and turpentine as raw materials

(2) The action principle and processing and synthesis mechanism of vegetable tanning agent and adhesive.

What you need to know:

(1) Main contents of Institute of Fine Chemical Technology of Forest Products

(2) Understand the deep processing, application and development direction of main forest products such as rosin, turpentine, tannin extract and activated carbon.

Four. Main bibliography

1, An Xinnan. Chemical Technology of Forest Products (1st Edition), China Forestry Press, 2002.

2. Yang Shuhui. Plant fiber chemistry, China light industry press, 200 1.

3. Zhang. Analysis of Forest Products, a textbook compiled by Central South Forestry College.

4. Long Yanquan. Pulping principle and technology, China Light Industry Press, 1994.

5. Yao Yuying et al., Principles of Chemical Engineering (I and II), Tianjin University Press, 1999.

6. Dong Daqin. Mechanical Basis of Chemical Equipment, Chemical Industry Press, 2003.

7. Wu. Technology of Fine Chemicals in Forest Products, China Forestry Press, 2002.

8. Xu Shouchang. Organic Chemistry (2nd Edition), Higher Education Press, 200 1.