Knowledge of photography skills

Swing is a technique for shooting moving objects. Its characteristic is to focus on the static part of photography and follow the subject by shaking the lens to show its sense of speed. Using this shooting method, you need to set the camera to the shutter priority mode, and then use a slower shutter speed, generally 1/30s or 1/60s. The camera should follow the subject closely and move with it to achieve the effect of clear subject and blurred background. Of course, there is a greater chance to take clearer photos by adopting continuous shooting's model.

2. How to place a tripod on a slope?

If you use a tripod to assist shooting on a slope, there are ways to keep the camera away from sudden danger. If we shoot on a rock or a slope on a mountain, let one leg of the tripod point to ourselves, so that the three legs of the tripod can stably support the camera and prevent it from falling.

3. How to avoid underexposure

Photographers are often underexposed when taking pictures, fearing that turning on the flash will be too bright and sacrifice the natural light of the scene environment. In this case, the best way is to use the exposure compensation function of the camera. As long as the exposure compensation function is pushed up one or two levels, the general darkening situation will be improved.

4. How to focus before composing?

First, focus the center of the picture on the face of the person to be photographed, half press the shutter button to complete the focusing and photometry procedures, press and hold the shutter button, and move the camera horizontally to re-compose.

5. What is the use of aperture priority?

Digital SLR cameras often have lenses with large aperture numbers. In automatic mode, camera programs tend to use a larger aperture to shorten the shutter time and reduce the bad shooting effect caused by vibration. However, the camera lens is usually reduced by about two levels from the maximum aperture to get the best image, so if you want to get a high-quality image, you can use the aperture priority automatic exposure to reduce the aperture from the maximum to a smaller one. In addition, a large aperture can achieve a small depth of field, which is conducive to highlighting the main body.

6. How to avoid glare

Direct sunlight will produce glare in the lens, which will seriously unbalance the contrast of the picture. At the same time, the incident light will be reflected by the lens surface to form a spot line on the CCD. A high-quality hood helps to limit glare, and using the smallest aperture can reduce these spots.

7. How to make lighting have a star effect?

In order to make the light produce the effect of stars, photographers need to use a small aperture for exposure. The smaller the aperture, the more obvious the effect.

8. How to protect the camera

In order to protect digital cameras and batteries, we should try not to use digital SLR cameras at too high or too low a temperature, never put our cameras directly in the sun for several hours, and avoid the lens facing the sun when shooting, so as not to damage the CCD board. If you must be in the sun, you can cover the camera with a light towel or reflective material. Try to avoid shooting in rain and snow. If you want to shoot, you should do a good job of protection to avoid long-term low-temperature shooting and prevent the machine from aging. In the cold winter, machines that enter the room from the outside are prone to condensation, just like glasses worn by people. The correct way is to put it in a sealed plastic bag and take it out when the machine temperature is consistent with the indoor temperature. Be sure to take out the battery when saving after shooting. Store in a dry place to prevent the machine from getting wet.

9. How to optimize the image quality

The image format of digital SLR camera can be JPEG or RAW, which is very beneficial to post-production. In addition, the picture in RAW format will not be automatically adjusted by the camera, and the picture quality will be better. Of course, the photographer can adjust the details of the picture by setting saturation, contrast and sharpness to make the picture quality better.

10. What is Gate B?

B-door is a mode that allows you to be exposed for a long time. Its exposure time is from the time you press the shutter to the time you release it. It is best to use tripod and cable release during the use of door B.

1 1. What is the function of enclosed exposure compensation?

Take more than three photos with different exposures continuously to find the most suitable exposure.

What is a highlight warning?

When the shooting information is displayed, the overexposed areas in the image will flash. In order to obtain more image details of the overexposed area, the exposure compensation should be adjusted to the negative direction and then shot.

What is a polarizer?

The most commonly used and valuable filter can deepen the tone of the blue sky and eliminate glare and reflected light.

14. How to show the size of the subject

It is difficult to directly judge the actual size of an object from photographic works. The vast sea may be just a horizontal line on the screen, while smaller objects, even objects invisible to the naked eye, can occupy a large area on the screen. At this time, it can be expressed by contrast. On the one hand, the actual size of the object can be known by comparison; On the other hand, we can express certain thoughts and feelings through exaggeration and deformation. In order to truly show the size of the subject, it is necessary to have a companion as a reference in shooting. Generally speaking, people are familiar with and know the size of objects in daily life as comparison objects. This not only highlights the subject, but also makes the audience impressed by the actual size of the subject.

How to set the horizon?

Photographers should arrange the position of the horizon reasonably when shooting. Generally, when shooting grassland and other scenery, the horizon is arranged in one third of the picture. In addition, when shooting seascapes, the position of the horizon determines the meaning of the picture. If the horizon is in the lower third of the picture, it reflects the distance of the sea; If it is in the last third, it shows the broad feelings of going to sea.

16. What is the function of fairing?

Guang Shun can make people's faces receive light evenly, and reduce the sense of defects when shooting portraits. Forward lighting is a kind of light with the most flat effect, which is not conducive to the three-dimensional sense and spatial depth of the subject and lacks vitality.

17. What is the function of sidelight?

The effect of sidelight illumination is obviously improved, and the subject can change the light and shade, showing stereoscopic impression and surface texture, which is more in line with people's normal visual habits, so it is widely used in photography.

18. What is the function of backlight?

Backlight can outline the shape of an object and separate it from the background. Forming bright lines on the edge of the object shape can render the atmosphere to be expressed and enrich and activate the picture.

19. How to prevent camera shake?

When shooting outdoors, it is best to bring a tripod. If there is no tripod, the photographer can lean against the wall or put his hand on the railing to keep the camera balanced.

20. What are the advantages of pitching?

Overhead photography refers to the camera shooting down above the subject. This angle is like looking at the distance, and the scenery from near to far can be completely spread out from bottom to top in the picture. It is beneficial to show the level, quantity and position of the scenery on the ground level, and can give people a vast and far-reaching feeling.

2 1. What are the advantages of backhand?

Tilting upward means that the camera shoots upward under the subject. It is conducive to highlighting the tall momentum of the subject, and can fully expand the scene that grows upward like a tree on the screen. High-altitude photography close to the ground can also be used to exaggerate the movements of moving objects such as flying and jumping. It should be noted that people with fat faces should try not to pat people on the back like this.

22. What is the role of Ping She?

Ping She means that the camera and the subject shoot on the same horizontal line. At this time, the subject is not easy to deform, especially the scene of Ping She's character activities, which makes people feel more equal and cordial. When shooting natural scenery, it is very important to deal with the horizon. In order to emphasize the symmetry from top to bottom, we can put the horizon in the middle. But in general, it is necessary to avoid the situation that the horizon divides the picture equally, because in that case, the distant view and the close view will be compressed in the middle line, and the picture will appear unremarkable.

23. What did Rembrandt run out of?

Rembrandt lighting technology relies on strong side light to make any side of the subject's face show a triangular shadow. It can split the subject's face in two and make the two sides of the face look different. If you use uniform overall lighting, both sides of the subject's face will look the same.

24. What software is used for format conversion of RAW format?

The RAW format of digital SLR cameras can be processed and converted by using software such as light and shadow magic hand and Photoshop.

25. How to focus when shooting small objects in the distance?

When the object to be photographed is too far away to reach out, you can shoot with the object at the same distance. This method of forced focusing is also very practical.

26. What is the function of post-processing?

Users learn to use image editing tools. Sometimes the digital images taken by the camera are not perfect, but the advantage of digital images is that they can be easily post-processed. As long as the image editing tool software, such as Photoshop, is used correctly, satisfactory image files can be obtained. Through the processing of image editing tool software, we can highlight the underexposed image, correct the color, cut off the distracting background, and cover some small defects, for example, we can correct the defects of people's main face.

27. How to save electricity by using a digital SLR camera?

In the process of shooting, the photographer tries not to use the display screen to take pictures, but uses the small optical viewfinder of the camera. Furthermore, try not to use or use playback as little as possible to see the photos taken. Also, don't always turn the camera on and off, which will accelerate the power consumption.

28. How to make photos clearer?

For photography, clear focus is the basic requirement, but for beginners, it is difficult to ask every photo to be clearly focused. There are many factors that affect the focus definition. If we can't master them well, it will be difficult to achieve good results. Here are some good ways to keep the focus clear for beginners.

1. Prevent vibration

Vibration will blur the image in the photo, even if the focus is very accurate, it will affect the clarity of the image. There are generally two reasons for vibration: First, the camera vibrates, that is, when the shutter is pressed, the camera shakes due to unstable grip. The second is the motion of the subject, that is, at the moment when the lens shutter is opened, the subject is in motion, and the shutter time is not short enough to freeze the motion, so the image is blurred. To prevent vibration, we must suit the remedy to the case and take measures from three aspects:

1) Mount the camera on a tripod. If the tripod cannot be supported due to shooting conditions, a monopod can also be used.

2) Shortening the shutter time (usually 1/250 seconds) can reduce the image jitter caused by camera vibration.

3) Adopt the correct holding method. Without a tripod, the correct posture of the camera will directly affect the stability of the camera. There is only one way to overcome the subject dynamic blur, and that is to shorten the shutter time. As long as conditions permit, the shorter the shutter time, the better the effect.

2. Don't pursue small aperture unilaterally.

Beginners think that a small aperture will increase the depth of field and will definitely make the image clear. Therefore, they often turn off the aperture very small regardless of the occasion, especially when they are not sure about focusing, they will believe that a small aperture can help them. But the final effect is often not ideal, because the use of small aperture will lead to the extension of shutter time, so camera vibration will have enough negative effects. Therefore, it is not the best policy to pursue a small aperture unilaterally. The correct way is to use a short shutter and tripod.

3. Correctly understand the characteristics of the lens

Many people think that the smaller the aperture of the lens, the greater the definition of the image. This view is incorrect. In fact, the best state of lens imaging is to reduce its maximum aperture by 2-3 steps. For example, a lens with a maximum aperture of F2.8 has the best imaging effect when its aperture is close to F5.6-F8.

4. Pay attention to the relationship between background and subject.

The color contrast between the subject and the background will affect people's vision. In the case of constant focus, the contrast between the subject and the background is large, and the image looks clear. If the color contrast is small, the image looks low definition. Therefore, in order to make the subject appear particularly clear in the picture, it is very effective to choose Gao Fancha as the background consciously.

29. How to take a good silhouette photo?

1. Fully show the physical features of the silhouette theme, and vividly combine the modeling with the background. It can be said that the shape is language and the background is intonation, and this language is sometimes louder than silence, which is left for the creator to try and understand. This is the beauty of silhouette photos. Because in silhouette photos, the subject has no color and details, so the physical characteristics of the theme are very demanding, which requires the author to carefully choose the shooting angle and subject shape according to the later performance effect, fully display the external characteristics of the theme, and strive to be beautiful and vivid.

2. The acquisition of silhouette photos makes full use of the light difference between the theme and the background. Generally speaking, you can use backlight at sunrise and sunset, because the light at this time is the softest and looks not dazzling, which is a good time to shoot, usually only about ten minutes. In addition, we can make use of the artificial light difference between outdoor and indoor or the natural reflection of the sky and water.

3. Exposure should follow the principle of "less than better", and spot metering according to the bright part of the background can make the subject seriously underexposed and form a strong silhouette.

4. When the proportion of the subject in the picture is too small, or the blank space of the picture is monotonous, silhouette can be creatively used as the foreground. Black silhouette can not only oppress the audience's vision of the subject, but also not distract the audience. We can even use the silhouette as the main frame to form square, round or varied shapes, so that ordinary scenery has a unique sense of form and increases the depth of the picture.

30. How to shoot in low light?

1. Reasonable collocation of aperture and ISO. The most basic principle of photography is naturally applicable to low-light photography. The larger the aperture, the higher the shutter speed, the lower the ISO, the higher the photo quality, and the longer the exposure time, the greater the possibility of noise. It is recommended that you use F22 aperture to get the maximum depth of field. The lower the ISO, the more unnecessary noise can be reduced. ISO 100 is generally adopted.

2. Stable long exposure. The biggest feature of low-light photography is the "long" shooting time. You often need a few seconds or even dozens of seconds to finish your shooting. Therefore, a stable tripod is essential. In addition, cable release can also effectively reduce the jitter that may occur when the shutter is pressed.

3. Environmental shooting × 3. Fix the digital camera with a tripod, set the ISO to 100 and the aperture F22, and take a photo every 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 20 seconds, and get an accurate judgment of the lighting effect of the scene from the three photos taken-it often takes B door to get such a long exposure time, and the final exposure time is determined according to the results of three shots.

4. Always use the RAW format. In the extreme shooting situation of long exposure, the quality of RAW format will be much higher than JPEG format. Don't be stingy with the memory card space, insisting on image quality will bring the best photos.

5. Keep trying and keep it fresh. Low-light photography has great creative potential. There is no need to follow the fixed aperture, shutter and ISO settings, and constantly try new possibilities to complete the work with different time and light.

3 1. How to use filters in night shooting

It is also useful for some special filters in night photography. Because the dark background and bright subject in the night scene set off each other, which has the characteristics similar to Gao Fancha, some special filters play a role.

1. Starlight Path

The filters of Gaojian series 055, 056, 058 and 059 can form different starlight effects. In addition, some other filters can also be used for night photography, such as the REF059 soft cross mirror built by Gao Jian.

2. Soft lens

Soft lens is suitable for shooting some scenes with a certain contrast between background and subject, so it also plays a certain role in shooting night scenes. After adding a soft lens, it can make the junction of light and dark in the night scene or the bright subject diffuse into the night sky, which is quite strange.

3. Overspeed mirror

For example, the 2 17 overspeed mirror of Gaojian series has a rising feeling, and the image is half bright and half dark, elongated, as if it were a fast-moving object. If the flying part is placed at the bottom of the scene, there will be an effect that the top is clear and the building below rises upward in the night sky.

4. rainbow mirror

Generally, rainbow mirror is suitable for shooting the content of strong point light source in the picture. The concrete effect is that there is a bright spot in the middle, surrounded by rainbow-like light. But it should be used according to the actual situation of the picture, so as to avoid abuse and painting a tiger into a dog.

5. Polyprism

The main function of prism is to refract a simple object, so that several identical objects appear in the picture, just like looking at the scenery from a kaleidoscope. However, the filter also has its shortcomings, that is, the imaging quality is poor and the picture is easily confused.

6. Polarizer

Polarizer is used to eliminate polarized light, so as to improve the color saturation in the picture and eliminate the reflection of non-buildings. When shooting at night, the scene light can be obviously dimmed, and the photographer can choose a lower shutter speed. By extending the shutter speed, the exposure time can be increased, so that the film has enough exposure time to move the headlights, forming a stripe effect, and at the same time eliminating some bad reflections on the glass.

7. Gradient mirror

The gradient mirror is half colored and half colorless. The gradient mirror is mainly used to adjust the contrast of the scene. When shooting night scenes, if it is still early and the sky brightness is too high, you can darken the sky with the help of a neutral gray gradient mirror. When the sky is getting dark, you can change the color of the sky with gradient mirrors of other colors, and so on.

In short, if you use the filter according to your own needs in night shooting, you will definitely add luster to night shooting as long as you open your mind and use the filter well.

32. How to use continuous shooting to capture wonderful pictures skillfully?

Shooting continuous shooting is similar to taking ordinary photos, but there are still some differences: the purpose of shooting continuous shooting is to capture wonderful moments, and it is difficult to make up for missing them. Ordinary photos (such as taking pictures, etc.) ) you can take it repeatedly until you are satisfied. Therefore, in order to successfully use the "continuous shooting" function to capture wonderful moments, in addition to making the above basic settings in advance, we must also pay attention to the following points:

1. Minimize shutter delay time.

When shooting, most people always press the shutter when they see the lens they need. At this time, the camera needs to focus automatically, measure light, calculate exposure and choose the appropriate exposure combination, which is the main reason for the shutter delay. The correct way is to press the shutter halfway first, let the camera complete the preparations such as autofocus and automatic exposure, and then press the shutter to the end when the shooting time is up, so that the shutter delay will be greatly shortened.

Step 2 Choose the right photo size

Because every time a digital camera takes a series of photos, it needs to process the data, and the final photos are stored in the memory in digital form (such as memory stick, SM, SD card, etc.). It takes a certain amount of time, unlike the traditional camera that can take a second picture at one time. The length of this time has a considerable relationship with the set photo size. The larger the size, the greater the amount of data and the longer the storage time. Too long time interval will seriously affect the next photo shooting, leading to the loss of some wonderful moments. Therefore, in the absence of special circumstances, it is best to use a small size in the camera continuous shooting, which can reduce the camera processing time and shorten the shooting interval.

3. There must be a certain advance payment.

Photographers must always keep their concentration, pay close attention to the subject, and press the shutter quickly before the wonderful moment is coming, otherwise they will lose a rare opportunity because of the delay of the shutter of the digital camera.

4. In the "continuous shooting" mode, it is forbidden to use the built-in flash of the digital camera, so the requirements for light are higher.

The author once used the automatic mode provided by digital camera to shoot in poor light, and the photos taken were seriously underexposed. Therefore, if the ambient light is dark, you should use manual functions to shoot, such as shutter, aperture priority mode or full manual mode, and manually adjust the shutter speed, aperture size, exposure compensation, etc. At the same time, if conditions permit, you can also use auxiliary equipment such as tripod or manual flash, so as to achieve better shooting results.

5. After pressing the shutter, the digital camera continuously shoots at a speed of more than 2 frames per second according to the preset program (which varies greatly with different models).

During the shooting process, the LCD screen is in a black state, and there will be no image like when shooting a single photo, so don't move the lens, lest the photo taken is far from your expected effect.