Introduction to photography-knowledge of photographic composition

What is the composition knowledge of SLR photography? In order to help you understand the basic knowledge of SLR photography, I first sorted out the composition skills of SLR photography for you, hoping to help you!

First, the basic knowledge of composition that novices should learn

Composition should pay attention to echo and symmetry, which is the traditional aesthetic standard of China. Based on this, the composition of photographic works should also pay attention to the following aspects:

1, horizontal position, so that the taken image will not be skewed. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced when taking pictures.

2, good color balance, the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy, to ensure that the main body can stand out from all backgrounds. Such as complementary colors, the so-called red flowers and green leaves are in line with this truth. With the same color balance, people wearing black clothes generally don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

3. Foreground can balance the picture. Sometimes, when we find that the vacancy on the picture is unbalanced, such as when the sky in Wan Li is cloudless and monotonous, we put drooping branches and leaves on it to make up for the lack of the picture; Sometimes the bottom of the picture can't be pressed. When the top is heavy and the bottom is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground, and the dark color makes the picture feel depressed, achieving a stable and balanced effect. The foreground adopts the expression of virtual focus, which gives people a feeling of hazy beauty.

In real life, all stable objects have a balanced form: the four legs of the table are stable; Building a house with a small bottom and a big top gives people a feeling of instability; Carrying a heavy burden makes it inconvenient to walk; Obviously, people's posture in labor is to achieve physical balance to adapt to the characteristics of this kind of labor. Many life phenomena cultivate people's psychology of demanding balance and play a role in people's aesthetic process. Generally speaking, the picture should be balanced and stable, which makes people feel stable, harmonious and complete. Using people's psychological factors for balance, we can emphasize the expressive force of the picture from several aspects:

A, symmetrical composition, symmetry has always been something that our nation emphasizes, and it has always been a' palace'. The capitals are all symmetrically arranged. It emphasizes a solemn atmosphere, and a simple and solemn relationship is displayed in a "stable" symmetrical balance.

B, the virtual and the real echo the layout, just like Jiangnan gardens. In some lyrical landscape pictures that emphasize elegance, quietness and softness, it is required that there can be sparse and dense, virtual and real in the changing balance picture, but overall balance is required. In an idyllic scene, such as a cow in the lower left corner and a cloud in the sky in the upper right corner, it would be better.

Second, how to take panoramic photos with a digital camera

Before the emergence of digital imaging technology, there were two ways for people to get panoramic photos: using special panorama camera rotation shooting or professional darkroom division to hand-splicing, which were difficult for ordinary photographers. The "panorama" boasted by APS camera only uses the large angle of view of super wide-angle lens. Strictly speaking, it is more appropriate to call it "overlay photo". The popularity of digital cameras and digital image processing technology makes panoramic photography easy. Anyone who has a digital camera and a computer that can run image processing software can try to take panoramic photos with amazing angles.

Shooting point

There are certain requirements for panoramic photo stitching, such as similar exposure value, similar tone, sequential arrangement, and slight overlap with each other. There are some precautions when shooting.

1, choice of focal length

Some people think that when taking panoramic photos, the viewing angle should be as large as possible, so the shortest focal length (wide-angle lens or wide-angle end of zoom lens) should be used, so the number of photos spliced is less. In fact, this is a misunderstanding, and it is more troublesome when shooting and splicing. Because the wide-angle lens has a strong perspective effect, especially at the edge of the picture, it is easy to distort and it is difficult to achieve seamless stitching. Therefore, it is necessary to use the medium focus or telephoto end with small deformation when shooting, and it is not appropriate to change the focal length in the middle of shooting.

2. Exposure parameters

At present, many digital cameras have special panoramic modes. In this mode, the camera will automatically set the exposure parameters according to the requirements of taking panoramic photos. For cameras without panoramic function, the following points should be noted: a. Use average metering when metering, lock exposure parameters by manual exposure or AE lock during exposure, and do not change settings such as aperture, speed, ISO and resolution when shooting the same group of panoramic photos; B, use fixed white balance, using automatic white balance may cause different tones of photos.

3. Shooting method

When shooting in a certain order (from left to right or from top to bottom, etc. ), it is best to use a tripod to rotate smoothly. Pay attention to the vertical axis when shooting in rotation. When shooting left and right or panning point by point, pay attention to the same camera height and angle. Generally, do not use flash, which will cause low light and far darkness. There must be an overlap between two adjacent photos when shooting. Some digital cameras of Canon, Casio and other brands have auxiliary prompts on LCD screens in panoramic mode. Avoid shooting when the light conditions change dramatically (such as clouds covering the sun), so as to avoid too much difference in screen exposure. When shooting, you should also pay attention to avoiding moving objects (such as vehicles and pedestrians) at the joints. Although choosing a clearly marked position as the splicing point is conducive to the identification and splicing of some automation software, we still suggest choosing a position that is not clearly marked and easy to mix as the splicing part, such as water surface, distant mountains, etc., so that it is not easy to see the seams when splicing.