Japan robbed the secret files of the Forbidden City in Shenyang, and the reason is terrifying if you think about it carefully.

In 1905, the year of Yisi in the lunar calendar, Naito Hunan began his life transformation.

The 39-year-old has been a journalist for 20 years. He is tired of the busy and difficult life.

I must study Chinese studies that I have longed for since childhood. He tried every means to enter Tokyo Imperial University.

It is extremely difficult for a person who has only studied at Akita Normal College to enter Tokyo Imperial University.

As God wishes, the opportunity finally came!

If Torii Ryuzo is a personality Sinologist (see the previous issue "Japanese broke into the Shenyang Forbidden City, not to take pictures of monsters"),

The real key to breaking into the Shenyang Forbidden City is Kato Torajiro (name Hunan).

Naito, who wanted to join Imperial University, waited for an opportunity.

Japan’s coveting of China has gradually tested the bottom line of the Qing Dynasty, starting from North Korea.

Japan tried to create an excuse that the "Jiandao" in the Tumen River on the Qing border was not Qing territory.

The Jiandao area controlled the entrance from the Tumen River to the Sea of ??Japan.

Controlling Jiandao and the Japanese-occupied Port Arthur are forming a pincer attack on the Northeast.

They want to get the "Origins of Mongolia" from the Qing royal family in an attempt to find relevant evidence.

The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government selected Naito Konan.

This guy was born into a family of Sinologists and has been familiar with Chinese classics since he was a child. At the age of seven, he had mastered metrical poetry and was known as a child prodigy.

If you look through Naito's Chinese poetry, you will see that he has harmonious works with those from both the Chinese political and academic circles, such as Xu Shichang, Zhao Erxun, and Luo Zhenyu.

On Naito's sixtieth birthday, Zhao Erxun wrote a poem to congratulate him on his sixtieth birthday.

His purpose in coming to Fengtian was to find a way to obtain the files related to the Qing Dynasty.

This is different from scholar inspections and expeditions, it is national intelligence.

For Japan, it is a national mission, but for China, it is an out-and-out spy!

To this end, Tokyo Imperial University also organized an "archaeological team"

According to the "South Manchuria Survey Report", the 38th year of Meiji (1905) entered the Shenyang Imperial Palace at the same time. ***Four Japanese,

In addition to the 39-year-old Torajiro Naito (named Nanko),

and the 41-year-old historian Ichimura Zanjiro,

the then thirty-eight-year-old architectural historian Ito Chuta

and the thirty-five-year-old Torii Ryuzo.

These Japanese people will all become famous in later generations.

The last three are professors studying China at Tokyo Imperial University, and Naito came to Fengtian as a "military journalist".

Of course, the Japanese garrison headquarters and consuls secretly worked hard to deal with the situation.

Naito Nanko is only half a step away from the threshold of Tokyo Imperial University.

However, the Fengtian Forbidden City is also a royal palace, and not everyone can enter if they want to.

The level of Chinese studies at Tokyo Imperial University was something only Qing officials had heard about.

With the "sincerity" of admiring Chinese culture and the blessing of the Japanese troops stationed there, four Japanese were allowed to enter the Forbidden City.

Naito carries a national mission and knows that entering does not mean success.

The group of four people took photos separately. Ito Chuta focused on the architecture, while he mainly stared at the royal books.

Naito visited China ten times in his life. He has been traveling throughout China since 1899 and is known as the "China Hand".

In 1902, he ran to Fengtian alone. Since the Forbidden City was occupied by the Russian army and there was no chance, he came to Huang Temple (Shisheng Temple).

The temple was a royal temple. He found a scripture written in gold powder. He wrote in his diary: The Manchu Tripitaka was discovered.

It is actually the Tripitaka in Mongolian. It was because he didn't understand Manchu, so Naito worked hard to learn Manchu.

Now that he has returned to Fengtian, he has become proficient in Manchu.

He read the secret books in the Wensu Pavilion, Chongmo Pavilion, and West Qijian Building of the Forbidden City.

Naito discovered early Qing archives and documents written in Manchu in Chongmo Pavilion. Important secret documents such as "Records of Manchuria" in Manchuria, Mongolia and Han Dynasty, "Origin of Mongolia" in Manchuria, Mongolia and Han Dynasty and "Old Chinese Documents".

With limited time, he only copied the "Old Chinese Documents" through the cyan method and photographed the Mongolian part of "The Origin of Mongolia".

This time during his visit to Fengfeng, he also sneaked into the North Pagoda Falun Temple and found the Manchu Tripitaka.

This monastery is amazing. The great lama once predicted to Huang Taiji that the Great Qing Cauldron would rule the Central Plains.

Emperors Qianlong and Jiaqing regularly visited the temple during their eastward tours and wrote poems and plaques.

Naito himself said: The Russian soldiers threw the Tripitaka all over the floor, and it was he who carried the messy scripture back to the Japanese Military and Administrative Office in Fengtian.

This "Manchu Tripitaka" was robbed to Japan and hidden together with the "Mongolian Tripitaka" at the University of Tokyo.

During the Great Tokyo Earthquake in 1923, two classics were destroyed by fire.

There is another episode about this big earthquake!

During the Great Kanto Earthquake, Zhang Zuolin didn’t know that his treasure had been stolen and destroyed.

We are also conducting mass fundraising in Fengtian City to promote international friendship.

Zhang Xueliang personally performed on the stage of the Forbidden City in Shenyang to perform a charity performance.

In the end, 500,000 yuan plus food and materials were donated to Japan.

Although natural disasters and plunder are two different things, and although the Feng system has its own calculations, it is still full of irony.

"The Complete Works of Naito Honan" contains the shadows of the two burned books he took.

Fortunately, the original wooden block of the Tripitaka is still preserved in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Even if Naito is a master of China, entering the Forbidden City is like Grandma Liu entering the Grand View Garden.

The Japanese obviously put a lot of effort into the Fengtian Forbidden City.

In 1905, he entered the Forbidden City in Shenyang to find out the details of the secret archives.

There are two places in the Forbidden City in Shenyang where Qing court officials had to solemnly bow down three times and kowtow nine times.

This is the Jingdian Pavilion and Chongmo Pavilion built by Emperor Qianlong.

These two places are the places where the sacred relics and treasures of the Qing ancestral temple are enshrined.

In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, these sacred relics were sent to the Shengjing palace for collection and were inherited by subsequent emperors.

The records of the Qing emperors, the holy teachings, 9 copies of the jade ultimatum compiled since the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), and later revised jade ultimatums, are sent to this collection as a permanent institution.

The clear jade certificates were revised every ten years, similar to folk genealogy. By the time Naito entered the Forbidden City in Shenyang, the jade certificates had been revised 26 times.

Of course, there are also a large number of early secret documents and classics in Manchu and Mongolian.

These royal secrets have a strict management system, and Qiutai must perform the ritual of three bows and nine knocks. Ordinary officials have no chance to hear it.

Only part of the grab was completed, and Naito's "mission" was not over.

In 1906, he came to Fengtian again for these treasures.

Naito's "walking Sikuquanshu" has impressed Zhao Erxun, and with his generous bribes, he pried open the gate of the Forbidden City.

He copied and photographed the Manchu portion of "The Origin of Mongolia", "Tongwen Zhi of the Western Regions", the Manchu "Changbai Mountain Picture" and "The Complete Picture of Shengjing", etc.

After he returned to Japan, he published "Books Seen in the Fengtian Palace", revealing the secret books of the Shenyang Forbidden City for the first time.

He also published some photos of the Shenyang Forbidden City in "Manchuria Photo Posts" published in 1908.

Among them, the names "Manchu Old Documents" and "Hanwen Old Documents" were the names given by him.

"Old Manchu Archives" used to be divided into "undocumented archives" and "documented archives"; "Old Chinese Archives" was only called "a box of old archives".

Perhaps because it was made public for the first time, Naito’s statement was accepted by all walks of life and became a common practice.

Japan might not have found what they were looking for when they got "The Origin of Mongolia", but they were still making moves on "Jiandao". That's a story for another day.

In 1907, Naito finally entered Imperial University and became the first lecturer in Eastern History in the Department of History.

Why is a leading figure in history like this?

The dizzying turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty is a historical tragedy.

The turmoil and backwardness gave opportunities to the great powers who cared about her. Naito believed that Japan would have a great destiny and immersed himself in his self-constructed ideal of salvation.

When he traveled to China, he once sighed: "It is extremely sad that our motherland is so desolate."

This God's perspective is somewhat horrifying.

After the Xinhai dynasty changed, Japan believed that "Manwen Old Documents" might be used by China to revise the history of the Qing Dynasty, and Japan should be the first to see it.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent Naito Konan, Tomioka Kenzo, Haneda Hiroshi and other scholars to Fengtian to look for opportunities and prepare to take action.

Japan’s view of intelligence is a “three-dimensional” concept that is unfamiliar to Chinese people, ranging from abstract to concrete weapons, maps, etc.

The scary thing is that they actually want to be ahead of their opponents.

In February 1912, Naito came to Fengtian again amid the war and chaos.

This time, the "Manchu Old Documents" in Chongmo Pavilion is the target of the sniper.

The Xiangfeng Pavilion in the Daqing Gate of the Shenyang Forbidden City contains five Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan texts. "Wutiqing Wenjian",

The innermost part of Xiangfeng Pavilion is Chongmo Pavilion, where the "Manwen Laodang" is placed.

Chongmo Pavilion's "Old Manchu Documents" (existing in the Liao Archives) was copied from the original document (existing in Taiwan) and sent to Shengjing in the 43rd year of Qianlong's reign (1778).

Naito recorded the working situation at that time in his diary.

In Fengtian, they first hired two workers from the photo studio, and then hired a graduate of Toa Doubun Academy as an assistant.

Toa Doubun Academy is also a Japanese institution in China. One of the seven major intelligence agencies.

Naito and the young Haneda Hiroshi, five people formed a photography group.

They built a darkroom in front of Chongmo Pavilion where "Manchu Old Archives" is stored.

Naito transported the "Old Archives" out volume by volume, and the two took pictures Three graduates of Gonghe Tongwen College were responsible for taking pictures one by one.

In the darkroom, Haneda Toru continued to develop the photos he took.

Due to the efficient flow of work, after filming, Naito had to re-shoot the missing parts based on the original text.

Naito Hunan looted the private property of a clean house in broad daylight, and he was very proud of it in his diary.

These photos are still preserved in the libraries of Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.

At that time, for the descendants of the Qing royal family, no one knew what their ancestors' "Lao Dong" was about.

But the Japanese went into the palace without eating to snap pictures. It must be a treasure, so they can no longer let it go.

Just when they went out to buy back the insufficient film and took the picture of "Five Body Qing Wenjian",

They wanted to follow up with "Records of Manchuria" (clearly known as "Records of Taizu") "Battle Picture"),

Relevant personnel from the Forbidden City said they would not allow any more photos to be taken.

Although Naito claims to admire China academically, politically he adopts a nakedly aggressive tone.

The "Chinese Earthworm Theory" he proposed: "A section of the body is cut off, and the other parts have no feeling."

This is the China cannibalization theory provided for militarism.

Some American historians commented on Naito: Narrow nationalism cannot understand China’s resistance to aggression.

References: "Naito Hunan Studies", "From Sinology to Sinology - China Studies in Modern Japan", "Japanese Scholars Visiting Secretary in China", "Naito Hunan Chinese Poetry Singing and Ink Collection"