Methods of improving photo pixels in digital photography

Friends who are new to photography, are they worried about the low pixel of photos? The following is the way to improve the pixels of photos in digital photography that I have carefully arranged for you. I hope you like it.

The method of improving photo pixels by digital photography 1. Try to use a tripod.

Many times, the reason why the photo image is blurred is that the photographer pressed the shutter? Hand shock? Or is the camera reflector up? Machine vibration? Caused. If a tripod is used, regardless of the shutter speed setting. Slow? Even if it is exposed for a long time, it can prevent the image from being caused. Jitter? And the generated image is blurred. However, it should be noted that when using a tripod, try to use cable release. Ignoring this point may still affect the clarity due to the vibration generated when the finger touches the shutter.

2. Use a high-speed shutter as much as possible.

When taking pictures with a hand-held camera, use a high-speed shutter as much as possible. For inexperienced photographers, when the shutter speed is set below 1/30s, the probability of taking photos is greater. Even a professional photographer can't guarantee 100% certainty when shooting with a low-speed shutter. Increasing the shutter speed will correspondingly increase the probability of clear photos. Of course, if you use a hand-held camera to increase the shutter speed, it will inevitably open a large aperture, so it will be a loss? Large depth of field? But in order to ensure the clarity of the photo, it is a last resort to give up the depth of field.

3. Use as much as possible? Optimum aperture?

There are different degrees of imaging errors in any lens, which will affect the imaging quality of the lens to varying degrees. Due to the different curvature of the spherical surface of the lens, the light can't focus on the same focus when passing through the center and edge of the lens because of the different refractive indexes, which leads to the decrease of definition. If you shoot with the maximum aperture of the lens, it will lead to the maximum exposure of lens aberration defects, which will lead to the decline of image clarity, while shooting with the minimum aperture of the lens will produce light diffraction and also lead to the decline of image clarity. In order to improve the sharpness reduction caused by aberration, the aperture is usually reduced to improve the imaging quality. Generally speaking, the best aperture of a lens is to reduce the maximum aperture of the lens by about 2~3 steps, and the photographer can compare the best aperture of a lens.

4. Use manual focusing as much as possible.

Most cameras have an autofocus function. However, if the depth of field is extremely small, autofocus will often be inaccurate, especially if the subject is focused at close range. You should be especially careful when taking close-up portraits with a long focal length lens and a large aperture. If autofocus is used at this time, what is the target? Focus on the eyes of the characters. If you are not sure, you would rather give up autofocus and use manual focus. People don't want people's ears or noses to be clear in photos, but vivid eyes are blurred.

5. Try to use a hood.

Many people don't care about the use of light shields. When using front light, front side light or side light, the function of the hood is not obvious. However, when shooting with backlight or side backlight, you must use a hood. Sometimes, even with a hood, the sun will still shine directly on the lens, resulting in a picture. Straight flush? , produce fog, affecting the color saturation and clarity of the subject. At this time, the lens angle should be adjusted to avoid direct light. In addition, the hood can also help prevent the lens mirror from being damaged and prevent fingers from touching the mirror.

6. Rational use of depth of field

The depth of the scene is determined by the photographer's shooting purpose. If you are shooting landscape photography, you need a large depth of field to make the clear range of the scene in the photo clear from near to far. If you are shooting a close-up, the depth of the scene should be small, so as to blur the background (or possibly the foreground) of the subject in the photo and highlight the subject. Using small depth of field to express the theme of the scene or using large depth of field to express the close-up of the subject is counterproductive in photography. How to use depth of field reasonably? Please remember that the depth of field will be great if you use three methods: small aperture, short focal length lens and long-distance focusing shooting. The depth of field is small by using three methods: large aperture, long focal length lens and close focus shooting. You can use one or two shooting methods, but the effect is not more obvious than the combination of the three methods.

7. Choose as low sensitivity as possible.

In order to obtain high-definition images and make photos look rich in texture, in addition to using high-pixel digital cameras and large-format traditional cameras, there is also a simple way to choose low-sensitivity shooting.

Both traditional photosensitive materials and digital image electronic photosensitive elements have a characteristic: the lower the ISO sensitivity setting, the finer the film granularity (the less noise the digital image shows) and the higher the definition of the photo. The higher the ISO sensitivity setting, the greater the graininess of the film (the digital image is noisy) and the definition of the photo is relatively low. At present, the sensitivity of film is in the range of ISO25~ 1600. The ISO sensitivity of digital cameras is designed in different ranges of ISO50~3200 according to the different requirements of manufacturers for low-end, mid-end and high-end cameras. Knowing this characteristic of traditional photosensitive materials and digital image sensing elements, setting ISO sensitivity to a lower value will obviously improve the clarity of photos.

8. Master the correct exposure method (photometry)

Overexposure or underexposure will lead to the decline of image clarity and color cast of the image. To accurately expose, we must master the correct photometric method.

When using reflective average photometry, sometimes the exposure will be inaccurate according to the photometry data. For example, if you want to show the snow in winter (snow is the majority in the picture), if you use reflective photometry, the result will be that the snow is not white, but light gray. Experience tells us that in this case, it is necessary to provide photometry? Is it accurate? Add some exposure to the data to make snow appear? Is that correct? White. On the contrary, you want to represent black coal (coal is the majority in the picture), and the coal is medium gray. At this time, it is necessary to reduce the exposure on the basis of photometry to make the coal look closer to its true color.

In addition, when shooting portraits (with bright background) in backlight, people's faces are often underexposed by using reflective average photometry. Sure, with? Spot metering? Is the function camera still used? Spot metering? There is no doubt about the accuracy of exposure when measuring the reflected light of the subject (measuring the human face) with an exposure meter.

The principle of incident photometry is that the exposure meter directly measures the illumination of light to the subject. Therefore, no matter whether the subject is gray, black or white, the results obtained by incident photometry can correctly reflect the original tone and color of the subject (which is more advantageous than reflective average photometry). However, in incident photometry, it should be noted that the exposure meter must be moved to the position of the subject for photometry, and the center of the opalescent cover on the photometer must face the camera lens.

9. Set the white balance reasonably

An important reason for the color deviation of photos is the color temperature deviation. A gift? White? The color temperature of the lamp is 5500K k K. When the color temperature is lower than this value, the lamp is red, and the lower it is, the redder it is. Conversely, the higher the color temperature, the bluer the light. What is the control of color temperature when using a traditional camera? Daylight type? A movie or something? Light? Film or use a variety of color temperature filters to solve.

The digital camera can directly control the white balance of the color temperature on the menu. Its principle is to use polarized light? Fill the light? Going? Neutralization? Color light, achieve the purpose of white light. There are generally three white balance functions of cameras: ① preset white balance; ② Automatic white balance (auto); ③ Manual white balance.

If the color temperature of the light source changes little and clearly, such as sunshine, cloudy days, incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps (divided into fluorescent lamps, warm fluorescent lamps and cold fluorescent lamps), then as long as it is in? Default white balance? Go to the middle? Sit in the right position? Do it. If the color temperature of the light source changes rapidly, such as sunny and dark weather and rapid change of stage lighting, which makes the photographer unable to adapt, should it be used at this time? Automatic white balance? .

If the light source is mixed light or the color temperature value is high or low, use? Automatic white balance? Can't solve it. At this time, the best way is adoption? Manual white balance? . The method is to put? Put a blank piece of white paper under the living light of the subject, aim the lens at the blank paper, complete the picture, and press the camera menu? Manual white balance? Description of operation, set after shooting. This manual white balance is only effective under this light source. If you change other light sources, you need to reset the white balance according to the above method.

Interestingly, with white balance? Complementary color? Principle, can achieve some unexpected artistic effects. For example, shooting in the sun, if you want blue, you can set the white balance? Incandescent lamp? Mode, if you want to be red, you can set the white balance? Cloudy day? Mode. If you want to achieve more colors, you can use? Manual white balance? You should set it yourself, for example, preset it with blue paper, and the picture effect is yellow; If preset with cyan paper, the picture effect will be red; Wait, what else can I open Photoshop drawing software to choose or prepare? Complementary color? (thousands of colors), stored in? Manual white balance? Idle, interested can try.

10. Choose RAW image storage format as much as possible.

RAW is a lossless compressed file storage format, which can completely record all kinds of related parameters at the moment of shooting, including the original data such as camera, lens, focal length and exposure combination.

Compared with TIFF format, the biggest advantage of RAW format is that the storage space is smaller than TIFF format. Although TIFF format is a lossless compressed file format, and photos can be printed directly without converting the file format, TIFF format takes up a lot of storage space. Take photos of the same quality, using RAW format is 2~3 times more than TIFF format, or even more. Therefore, it seems reasonable that some manufacturers no longer use TIFF format on cameras.

Compared with JPEG format, the quality of RAW format is obviously better than JPEG format (the bigger the photo, the more obvious it is). Because JPEG format is a lossy compressed file format, and it cannot be recovered after compression. If the JPEG file is changed every time, it is still saved in JPEG format and compressed again, resulting in the image being damaged again. Therefore, JPEG files should be saved once after all editing. It is best not to take photos in JPEG format for enlarged size. However, JPEG format still has advantages, such as low file speed, large number of files, strong compatibility and can be transmitted through the network.

1 1. Use a flash.

(1) Try to use the reflective flash method. Reflected flash refers to the flash reflected from ceiling and wall or reflector. The advantage of reflective flash is that the light is even and natural, and the shadow is soft. However, attention should be paid when using: 1. What should I pay attention to when using manual flash mode? Flash exponential distance = aperture coefficient? In the formula? Distance? Refers to the sum of the distance between the flash and the reflector and the distance between the reflector and the subject. 2. Should we pay attention to the basis? Is the incident angle equal to the reflection angle? Optical knowledge, master the angle of flash lamp to reflector. 3. If the room is too small, avoid reflecting to the ceiling, otherwise it will produce eye socket shadow and nose shadow, which can face the wall or reflector. 4. The reflector must be white, otherwise it will change the color temperature of the flash and make the subject color cast.

(2) The flash method is to directly add a milky soft light piece and a white handkerchief or gauze to the flash, and flash at the subject. This flash can produce a soft lighting effect. With the slow-fire flash method, the light will be weakened because the flash is covered with fabric. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the aperture coefficient or reduce the camera distance to make up for the loss of the flash.

(3) shoot people with night scenes with a flash. You must use a tripod to shoot at night. It is impossible to solve the background brightness with a flash. If the flash intensity is increased, people's faces will be overexposed and the background will remain dark. The secret of using a tripod is that the shutter speed is generally determined according to the brightness of the background. Because the light is generally dark at night, exposure? Reciprocity law? Failure. At this time, the shutter time is set to 1s or 2s, and the photosensitive density has little difference. After determining the exposure speed of the background, people can stand at the designated position to shoot, and the aperture coefficient can be calculated according to the above formula, for example, the flash index is 32, the shooting distance of people is 4m, and the aperture coefficient is F8 after calculation. After such exposure combination, the brightness of people is appropriate, and the background brightness is also shown.

(4) When shooting portraits in outdoor backlight, the aperture value should be determined according to the shooting distance (or the shooting distance should be determined according to the aperture coefficient). Too large or too small aperture coefficient (shooting distance) will affect the correct exposure of portraits.

⑤ Pay attention to the coverage of external flash when shooting with super wide-angle lens. There are many models of flash, but the focal length range of each model is specified. For example, the flash marked with the focal length range of 24~ 105mm lens shows that there is no problem with flash coverage when using 24mm lens; However, using a wider-angle lens, this flash will have the problem of insufficient coverage, which is manifested in that the central part of the photo receives light normally, but the periphery or four corners are black, and the edge and center of the photo receive light unevenly. There are two solutions, one is to use the wide-angle diffuser that comes with the flash (some flash comes with it); Second, the use of reflective flash can better solve the problem that the flash does not cover the wide-angle lens enough.

12. Make full use of computers to correct photo defects.

Shoot? Once there is a mistake, you can use the computer to repair it. Before the emergence of digital scanners, photo modification and? Make a makeover? They are all made in darkroom, which is difficult and has low success rate. Today, with the rapid development of digital technology, this problem becomes simple. Now, whether it is negative film, reverse film or digital image file, it can be input into computer and modified or creatively processed by photo editing software.

The shooting skill of depth of field control enlarges the three spheres behind the two pictures respectively. We find that f8 is more stereoscopic than f2.8, and we say that f8 is deeper than F2.8. Therefore, the depth of field is large enough to accommodate the spheres behind and make them in a clear shooting range. On the contrary, the small depth of field can only accommodate the big ball in the focus area, which makes the ball behind blur, highlights the main body and produces a strong three-dimensional sense. So we get the law that the larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, and the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field. The aperture here refers to the aperture of the camera, that is, the smaller the aperture value, the larger the aperture and the larger the aperture diameter. So f2.8 aperture is larger than f8 aperture.

It should be pointed out that the minimum aperture of the digital camera used in this test is f8, and the greater the F value, the greater the relative depth of field.

These two photos were taken at the same aperture with the 28mm end of the lens and the 140mm end respectively. In the case of the same composition, it is obvious that the main body on the right is more prominent because the background is more blurred, indicating that the focal length of 28mm is greater than the focal length of140 mm.

Another advantage of shooting with a long focal length lens is that you don't have to be too close to the subject. In other words, you can take close-ups of objects that you can't get close to, which can play a considerable role in capturing pictures or describing details. So we get another rule: the greater the focal length, the smaller the depth of field, and the smaller the focal length, the greater the depth of field.

These are two very practical methods to control the depth of field. Using large focal length and aperture can produce small depth of field, blur the background and highlight the subject. This method is more suitable for personal portraits and close-ups. If we describe a big scene and shoot a landscape film in an open place, we need to use enough depth of field to show every detail in detail.

I believe that as long as we make good use of our small digital camera, even if we can't compete with professional cameras, we can make films as good as professional cameras, give full play to the charm of digital and find our own photography fun!

Instant depth of field

When the object is in sharp focus, all the scenes from a certain distance in front of the object to a certain distance behind it are also quite clear. The distance from front to back is quite clear in imaging, which is called depth of field.

How much depth of field a particular photo should use depends on what information you want to convey with this photo. One of the most important parts is that photographers have the right to choose and control the depth of field of photos when shooting. Intelligent depth of field selection will be an important and creative means.

Knowing the direction of digital photography refers to choosing a shooting point around the subject on the same horizontal plane with the subject as the center. With the same shooting distance and shooting height, different shooting directions can show different side images of the subject, as well as different combinations of the subject and his companions, the subject and the environment. Shooting directions are usually divided into: front angle, oblique angle and side angle. Back angle.

anterior angle

Refers to the shooting position perpendicular to the front of the subject, which mainly shows the typical image of the front of an object. For example, architecture, regardless of ancient and modern design, pays attention to the positive style and decoration, such as Tiananmen, exhibition hall and museum in Beijing. The front angle can show the true color of the object. Character appearance is also a good example, and the positive image has the characteristics of character appearance. The front corner composition mainly shows that the objects are mostly on the vertical center dividing line of the picture, and they are often symmetrical structures. Generally speaking, the front composition image is more dignified. Steady.

oblique angle

Refers to the shooting position that deviates from the front angle, or the left and right surrounding objects move to the side angle. When the angle deviation between the front and the side is small, the front image often changes little. You can choose a suitable shooting position in the range of front and side angles, which can not only show the image characteristics of the front or side of the object, but also make the image of the object have rich and varied changes, and often get vivid images.

side horn

Generally, it refers to the shooting position at a vertical angle to the side of the subject, which mainly shows that there are typical images on the side of some objects. For example, portrait photography, silhouette angle can clearly see the external contour characteristics of a person's appearance, making the portrait form diverse. In objective objects, many objects can only be seen clearly from the side, such as the figure of people walking, the foreign trade of various vehicles, and some electrical appliances. Under such conditions, the lateral angle can better express the characteristics of the object. The side angle is more flexible than the front angle, and it can be changed around the vertical angle of the side to obtain the shooting position that best represents the side image of the object.

Reverse angle

Refers to the shooting position that moves from the side angle around the subject to the back angle. It has abnormal consciousness. It can often show the unique spirit of objects. Compared with the commonly used front, side and oblique side angles, it has unexpected effects and often gets very vivid images. Of course, for some objects, it is like an oblique image. So the angle of the opposite direction needs the subject, or only the right subject can choose the opposite direction.

Back view angle