What medicine is Pueraria lobata?

Hello! Glucagon is a large number of metformin tablets used to lower blood sugar. The following is an introduction about glucagon, I hope you are satisfied and helpful! Gehuazhi Tablets Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Drug Name Generic Name: Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Product Name: Gehuazhi? (Ge Huazhi? ) English Name: Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Chinese Pinyin: Metformin Inflammatory Tablets The main component of this product is metformin hydrochloride, and its chemical name is: 1, 1- dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride. Properties This product is a film-coated tablet, which is white or white-like after coating is removed. Pharmacology Toxicology Pharmacology: 1. This product is a biguanide hypoglycemic agent. It does not increase the concentration of insulin by stimulating islet β cells, but directly acts on the metabolic process of sugar. Promote anaerobic glycolysis of sugar, increase the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues such as muscle and fat, thus protecting the damaged islet function from further damage, which is beneficial to the long-term control of diabetes. 2. This product can inhibit intestinal absorption of glucose, inhibit hepatic glycogen dysplasia, reduce hepatic glucose output, and reduce blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin of diabetic patients. 3. This product does not promote fat synthesis, and has no obvious hypoglycemic effect on normal people. 4. Compared with sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, this product does not stimulate insulin secretion and rarely causes hypoglycemia, but when they are used together, they can play a synergistic role and improve the hypoglycemic effect. Toxicological study: Animal experiments show that this product has no carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, and has no effect on fertility. Pharmacokinetics Oral metformin is mainly absorbed in small intestine. The absolute bioavailability of oral metformin 0.5g in fasting state is 50-60%. Eating at the same time slightly reduces the absorption speed and degree of drugs. The results of pharmacokinetic tests in China showed that the median time to reach the peak of blood concentration after oral administration was 2 hours, and the average half-life of blood clearance was about 4 hours. Metformin hardly binds to plasma protein, and it can reach a stable blood concentration within 24-48 hours by oral administration according to the commonly used clinical dosage and administration scheme. This product is mainly excreted by the kidney, and 90% is excreted by the kidney within 24 hours after oral administration. Indications: 1) This product is the first choice for type 2 diabetes, especially for obese type 2 diabetes whose diet control and physical exercise are ineffective. 2) For 1 type or type 2 diabetes, the combination of this product and insulin can increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulin, reduce the dosage of insulin and prevent hypoglycemia; 3) This product can also be combined with sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents, which has synergistic effect. Usage and dosage should follow the doctor's advice. This product should be used from a small dose and gradually increased according to the patient's condition. Usually, the initial dose of this product (metformin hydrochloride tablets) is 0.5 g twice a day; Or 0.85g, once a day; Take it with meals. It can be increased by 0.5g per week, or by 0.85g every two weeks, and gradually increased to 2g per day, and taken in batches. The maximum recommended dose for adults is 2550 mg per day. For patients who need to further control their blood sugar, the dose can be increased to 2550 mg per day (that is, 0.85 g each time, three times a day). When the daily dose exceeds 2 grams, it is best to take the medicine several times with three meals for better tolerance. Adverse reactions Common adverse reactions of this product include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, fatigue, indigestion, abdominal discomfort and headache. Other rare cases include abnormal stool, hypoglycemia, myalgia, dizziness, abnormal nails, rash, increased sweating, abnormal taste, chest discomfort, chills, flu symptoms, hot flashes, palpitations and weight loss. Metformin can reduce the absorption of vitamin B 12, but it rarely causes anemia. This product is within the therapeutic dose range and rarely causes lactic acidosis. [Edit this paragraph] This product is contraindicated to 1, heart failure (shock), acute myocardial infarction, septicemia (serum creatinine level ≧ 1.5 mg/dl (male), ≦ 1.4 mg/dl (female) or. (2) Congestive heart failure requiring medical treatment, and other serious heart and lung diseases. 3, serious infection and trauma, major surgery, clinical hypotension and hypoxia. 4. Known allergic to metformin hydrochloride. 5. Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma, and diabetic ketoacidosis requiring insulin treatment. 6. Alcoholics. 7. People who receive intravenous iodinated contrast media can temporarily stop using this product. 8, vitamin B 12, folic acid deficiency is not corrected. Precautions 1. During oral administration of this product, regular examination of renal function can reduce the occurrence of lactic acidosis, especially in elderly patients. The patient temporarily stopped taking this product orally before undergoing surgery and iodine X-ray examination. 2. Poor liver function: Some patients with lactic acid poisoning have impaired liver function, and patients with liver disease should avoid using this product. 3. Stress state: During fever, coma, infection and operation, patients who take oral hypoglycemic drugs are prone to temporary poor blood sugar control. At this point, the owner must stop using the product and switch to insulin. The stress state is released and then restored. 4. For patients with 1 type diabetes, this product should not be used alone, but should be used in combination with insulin. 5. Hematological examination should be conducted regularly. It is rare to treat megaloblastic anemia with this product. If it happens, vitamin B 12 deficiency should be ruled out. 6, namely taking metformin hydrochloride tablets for treatment, patients with type 2 diabetes whose blood sugar is well controlled have abnormal laboratory examination or clinical symptoms (especially fatigue or indescribable discomfort), so they should quickly look for evidence of ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis, and determine the levels of serum electrolytes, ketone bodies, blood sugar, blood pH, lactic acid, pyruvate and metformin. If there is any kind of acidosis, they should stop using it immediately and start other appropriate treatments. 7. Under normal circumstances, patients who use metformin hydrochloride tablets alone will not suffer from hypoglycemia, but when they eat too little or supplement insufficient calories after a lot of exercise, they will suffer from hypoglycemia when they are combined with other hypoglycemic drugs (such as sulfonylureas, insulin, etc.), and they will also suffer from hypoglycemia when they drink alcohol, which should be paid attention to. 8. Elderly, frail or malnourished patients, as well as patients with low adrenal and pituitary functions and alcoholism are more prone to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia in elderly patients and patients taking β -adrenergic blockers is difficult to identify and should be paid attention to. 9. Patients should understand the potential dangers and benefits of metformin hydrochloride tablets and choose treatment methods. They should also know the importance of controlling diet and regular exercise at the same time, and the importance of regularly detecting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, renal function and hematological parameters. 10, it is necessary to explain the harm, symptoms and easy occurrence of lactic acidosis to patients. When there are unexplained excessive exhalation, myalgia, fatigue, lethargy or other nonspecific symptoms, you should stop taking the medicine immediately and seek medical attention in time. Gastrointestinal symptoms often appear in the initial stage of metformin treatment. Once a patient insists on a certain dose of treatment, gastrointestinal symptoms are usually unrelated to the drug itself, and subsequent gastrointestinal symptoms may be caused by lactic acidosis or other serious diseases. It is not recommended for pregnant women and lactating women to use this product, and lactating women should use it with caution. If you must use this product, stop breastfeeding. Children's medication 10- 16-year-old patients with type 2 diabetes have a maximum daily dose of 2000mg. Not recommended for children under 10. Elderly patients over 65 years old should be cautious in using metformin and check their renal function regularly. Usually the maximum dose is not used. This product is not recommended for patients over 80 years old unless the creatinine clearance test shows that their renal function has not decreased. Drug interaction 1, single dose of metformin and glibenclamide did not change the pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin. 2. When metformin is combined with furosemide, the AUC of metformin increases, but the renal clearance rate remains unchanged. At the same time, the Cmax and AUC of furosemide decreased, the terminal half-life shortened, and the renal clearance rate remained unchanged. 3. Cationic drugs excreted through renal tubules (such as amiloride, digoxin, morphine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, aminopterine, trimethoprim and vancomycin) may theoretically compete with metformin for renal tubular transport system and interact with each other, so it is suggested to closely monitor and adjust the dosage of this product and/or interacting drugs. 4. When metformin is combined with cimetidine, the AUC of plasma and whole blood of metformin increases, but the clearance half-life of metformin remains unchanged when the two drugs are combined. The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine has not changed. 5, such as taking some drugs that can cause blood sugar to rise at the same time, such as thiazide drugs or other diuretics, glucocorticoids, phenothiazine, thyroid preparations, estrogen, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetic drugs, calcium channel blockers and isoniazid traps. We should closely monitor blood sugar and pay close attention to the occurrence of hypoglycemia after stopping using these drugs. 6. Metformin does not bind to plasma protein, so drugs with high protein binding, such as salicylate, sulfanilamide, chloramphenicol and probenecid, are less likely to interact with sulfonylureas, and sulfonylureas mainly bind to serum protein. 7. Except chlorpromazine, when patients switch to other oral hypoglycemic drugs for treatment, there is usually no transition period. Patients who take chlorpromazine should pay close attention to it two weeks before switching to this product, because chlorpromazine stays in the body for a long time, which may easily lead to overdose and hypoglycemia. 8. Metformin can increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. 9, resin drugs with this product, can reduce the absorption of metformin. Even if the dosage of metformin reaches 85g, hypoglycemia will not occur, but lactic acidosis will occur in this case. Under the condition of good hemodynamics, metformin can be removed by dialysis at the rate of 170 ml/min. Therefore, hemodialysis can eliminate the accumulated drugs in patients with suspected metformin overdose. Specification: (1)0.5g (2)0.85g storage, sealed fresh-keeping packaging, aluminum-plastic packaging, each board 10, two boards per box. Valid for two years. Sino-American Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.