How was the camera born?

1872 One day, in a hotel in California, there was a heated argument between Stanford and Cohen: did the horses all land when running? Stanford thinks that a running horse's hoof is empty at the moment of jumping; On the other hand, Cohen thinks that horses always touch the ground when running. No one could convince anyone of the result of the argument, so the usual bet method was adopted to solve it. They hired an excellent horse trainer to judge, however, it is difficult for the referee to judge who is right and who is wrong. This is normal, because it is really difficult to see how the fast-running horseshoe moves with the human eye alone.

So the rich man invited British photographer Edward McBride to do the experiment. McBride connected the shutters of 24 cameras with 24 wires. In a short time, he asked the camera to take 24 photos in turn, and then read them one by one to observe how the horse jumped and landed. For this experiment, mcbride and his assistants suffered a lot, paid a lot of labor, and it took six years to finally capture a set of valuable information about the "horse track", which also confirmed that the American rich man's prediction was correct. However, mcbride's success has raised a new problem for people: how to solve the problem of continuous photography, because he can only shoot part of the running horse with 24 cameras. If you run a horse for a long distance of one kilometer, you need thousands of shots, and the length of the film is around the earth. Therefore, how to use a single lens camera instead of a multi-lens camera or a group of cameras has become a key problem to solve continuous photography.

1874, Jules Jean Sang of France invented the camera. He wound the film on a toothed supply reel.

Under the control of the pendulum mechanism, the film supply tray moves intermittently in the circular film supply box, and at the same time, the pendulum mechanism drives the shutter to rotate. Whenever the film stops, the shutter is opened for exposure. Janssen connected this camera to a telescope, which can take a set of photos of planetary motion at the speed of one per second. Janssen named it a photographic gun, that is, a modern movie camera +Y6R.

The ancestors of. `

1882 When mcbride traveled to Europe with his continuous photos, their achievements greatly inspired the French scholar. After several years of unremitting efforts, he used the principle of revolver to create a portable "camera gun", which is the first gun that can shoot from one lens. A camera that takes several negatives a second really solves the problem of continuous photography, which shows that modern cameras and photography technology have been born.

In the same year, Jules Marie of France invented another new camera, which can shoot the coherent movements of birds, thus giving birth to photography technology. This camera is shaped like a gun. A round box similar to a large magazine is fixed at the trigger, and a large caliber barrel is installed in front. A glass photosensitive disc coated with silver bromide emulsion is installed in the round box. When shooting, the photosensitive disc intermittently moves in a circle, and the shutter is coaxial with the photosensitive disc and keeps rotating, blocking and absorbing the light beam passing through the lens. The whole machine is driven by a clockwork. You can take photos with the exposure speed of1100 seconds and the frequency of 12 photos per second. 1888, Marley invented a new camera. He replaced the fixed photosensitive disc with a photosensitive paper tape wound on the shaft. When the photosensitive paper tape passes through the focus of the lens, two color grasping mechanisms fix the photosensitive paper tape to expose it. Later, Marley replaced the photosensitive paper tape with photosensitive film. Marley's camera has been continuously improved, and finally it can shoot at a frequency of 60 shots per second on a 9 cm wide film.

1889, Edison in America invented the camera. This camera is driven by a pointed roller 19 mm wide non-porous adhesive tape. Under the control of the ratchet wheel, the adhesive tape is driven to move intermittently and punch holes at the same time. This camera is driven by a motor, the shutter shaft is linked with the phonograph, and the phonograph records the sound when the camera is running. On this basis, the mobile camera was invented. There is a cross wheel mechanism in the camera to control the intermittent motion of the film, and another gear drives the film forward. This camera uses 35 mm perforated film. 189 1 year, Edison obtained the patent of this mobile camera.