Engineering survey practice report 1500

Engineering survey practice report 1500- 1. Practice time:

2. Internship location:

Three. Team members:

Team leader: team members:

Four. Instructor:

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Practice purpose:

Practice is an important part of engineering survey teaching, which not only verifies the classroom theory, consolidates and deepens the knowledge learned in the classroom, but also is a means to cultivate students' practical ability, rigorous scientific attitude and style. By establishing control network, topographic point mapping, hand-drawn mapping, etc. , can enhance the concept of surveying and mapping ground points, improve the ability to solve practical engineering survey problems, and lay a solid foundation for future work.

Intransitive verb practice equipment:

DS3 micro-tilt level, DJ6 optical theodolite, tower ruler, tripod, disk ruler, semicircle meter, soldering ruler, 50*50 drawings, etc.

Seven. Practice content

1. Leveling: Measure the elevations of other leveling points according to the elevations of known leveling points;

2. Traverse measurement: the coordinates of each traverse point are obtained by measuring the angle and distance;

3. Crushing measurement: according to the control point, measure the plane position and elevation of the crushing point;

4. draw pictures.

Eight. Internship steps:

1. deployment:

(1) leveling principle:

Leveling is to directly measure the height difference between two points on the ground by using the horizontal line of sight provided by the level, and then calculate the elevation of the unknown point according to the known point elevation and the measured height difference.

Let the leveling direction be from A to B, where A is called the back viewpoint and A is the back reading; B is called forward view, and B is called forward reading. If the elevation HA of point A is known, the elevation of point B is:

HB=HA+hab

HA+a=HB+b

HA=HB+a-b

The elevation of point B can also be calculated by the line-of-sight elevation Hi of the level, namely

Hi=HA+a

HB=Hi-b

(2) Site leveling measurement:

1) Benchmark: the point of leveling elevation.

2) When the leveling point of the predicted elevation is far away from the known leveling point or the height difference is too large, it is impossible to measure the height difference by placing the instrument 9 between two points. At this time, it is necessary to set up multiple stations for composite leveling. The sum of the height difference of each station can get the height difference between the predicted leveling point and the known leveling point, so as to get its elevation.

3) Leveling inspection

Calculation check: the sum of closed conductor height difference is equal to the sum of height difference at the turning point, which is equal to the sum of backward reading MINUS the sum of forward reading, so this formula can be used to check the correctness of calculation.

Station inspection: check each reading of each station and check by changing instruments. The method of changing the instrument requires that the changed height should be greater than 10cm, and the difference between the two heights should not exceed the specified allowable value, that is, 6 mm

Results detection of closed leveling route: In theory, the sum of the height differences of each measuring section should be equal to zero, but in practice it will not. There is a height difference closure difference, which should not be greater than your allowable value, that is, if the height difference closure difference exceeds this range, it means that there is an error in the result and you have to return to work.

4) Calculation of indoor leveling:

Check the leveling manual; Fill in the known and observed data; Calculate the closing difference of height difference and its tolerance; The final result is shown in the attached table.

2. Traverse measurement:

(1) survey of traverse:

The traverse starts from a set of known control points, passes through several points and returns to the starting point, forming a closed polygon and becoming a closed traverse. Because the inner angle and side length of the polygon are measured, the closed traverse also has the function of inspection.

Angle inspection conditions:

The difference between the sum of the observed values of each inner angle of a polygon and its theoretical value,

Tolerance requirements shall be met, where n is the number of polygon angles.

Conditions for checking coordinate increments:

The above theoretical value should be zero, which is not equal to zero in general, but it should also meet the tolerance requirements.

(2) Traverse survey field work:

The field work of traverse survey includes: selecting points, setting standards, measuring angles, measuring edges, etc.

1) site selection and sign setting:

Before selecting points, we should first collect the existing topographic map of the survey area and the achievement data of the existing advanced control points, lay the control points on the original topographic map, then draw the traverse layout plan on the topographic map, and finally go to the site for reconnaissance, check, modify and implement the position of traverse points, and establish signs.

Pay attention to the following items when selecting points:

(1) Adjacent points shall have good visibility with flat terrain, which is convenient for measuring angles and distances.

(2) The measuring point should be selected in solid soil, which is convenient for placing instruments and preserving signs.

(3) Traverse points should be selected in a place with wide field of vision for detailed measurement.

(4) The side lengths of wires should be roughly equal, and the average side length should meet Table 6-3.

(5) The traverse points should have sufficient density and uniform distribution, which is convenient for controlling the whole survey area.

2) Angle measurement:

Traverse angle is measured by back measurement method. Use DJ6 theodolite to measure back twice, and the difference between the two halves of the panel is less than? 40? When, take its average.

3) Edge measurement: The distance between points has been given, and no measurement is needed.

(3) calculation of traverse survey in the industry:

The purpose of indoor calculation of traverse survey is to calculate the plane coordinates x and y of each traverse point.

Before calculation, the field records and data of traverse survey should be comprehensively checked for completeness and correctness.

Calculation error, whether the results meet the accuracy requirements and whether the initial data are accurate.

1) preparatory work

Fill in the checked field observation data and original data? Closed traverse coordinate calculation table? As shown in Table 6-6, the initial data is in a single line.

2) Calculation and adjustment of angle closure difference

(1) the theoretical value of calculating the sum of internal angles of N-sided closed wires with angle closure difference is:

Where the number of sides or rotation angles of n conductors.

Because the observed horizontal angle inevitably contains errors, the sum of the measured internal angles is not equal to the theoretical value, and the difference between them is called the angle closure difference, which is expressed by f? Represents, that is,

(2) Calculate the allowable value of angle closure difference. The magnitude of angle closure difference reflects the quality of horizontal angle observation. Allowable value f of angle closure difference of wires at all levels? P where the allowable value of the angle closure difference of the wire at the root of the figure is f? The calculation formula of p is:

If >, it means that the measured horizontal angle does not meet the requirements, and the horizontal angle should be re-checked or re-measured.

What if? It shows that the measured horizontal angle meets the requirements and can be adjusted.

(3) Calculate the horizontal angle correction number. If the angle closure difference does not exceed the allowable value of the angle closure difference, the opposite sign of the angle closure difference is evenly distributed to each observed horizontal angle, that is, each horizontal angle plus the same correction number v? ，v？ The calculation formula of is:

Calculation check: the sum of horizontal angle corrections should be opposite to the sign of angle closure difference, that is,

④ Calculate the corrected horizontal angle. Correct the horizontal angle? I equals the measured horizontal angle plus.

Calculation check: The sum of corrected internal angles of closed conductor should be (n-2)? 180? .

3) Calculate the coordinate azimuth of each side.

According to the known coordinate azimuth of the starting edge and the corrected horizontal angle, calculate the coordinate azimuth of other traverse edges according to formulas (4- 18) and (4- 19).

In this case, observe the left angle, calculate the coordinate azimuth of each side of the traverse according to formula (4- 18), and fill it in the fifth column of Table 6-6.

Calculation check: finally calculate the coordinate azimuth of the starting edge, which should be equal to the original known coordinate azimuth of the starting edge, otherwise the calculation should be checked again.

4) Calculation of coordinate increment and adjustment of closing difference.

(1) Calculate the coordinate increment. Calculate the coordinate increment of each side according to the calculated coordinate azimuth of each side of the conductor and the side length of the corresponding side.

② Calculation of coordinate incremental closure difference Actually, the sum actually calculated is not equal to zero due to the residual error after adjustment of traverse side length measurement error and angle closure difference, thus resulting in vertical coordinate incremental closure difference Wx and horizontal coordinate incremental closure difference Wy, namely

③ Calculate the closing difference WD and the relative closing difference WK of the total length of the conductor.

WD=

Relative closure difference WK of total length of conductor

The WKP of the root conductor is 1/2 000.

If WK & gtWKP means that the result is unqualified, the indoor calculation and field work of the commander should be checked at this time, and retest is needed.

If WK? WKP indicates that the measurement results meet the accuracy requirements and can be adjusted.

(4) The principle of adjusting the closing difference of coordinate scale increment is to reverse the symbols of Wx and Wy and assign them to the vertical and horizontal increments corresponding to each side according to the principle of being proportional to the length of the side. Vxi and vyi respectively represent the vertical and horizontal incremental correction numbers of the ith edge, namely

⑤ Calculate the corrected coordinate increment, and add the corresponding correction number to the calculated value of the coordinate increment on each side to obtain the corrected coordinate increment on each side, namely

3. Step measurement:

(1) Selection of Step Points

Fault step points are the characteristics of ground features and landforms. For ground objects, the step-breaking point should be selected at the direction change of the contour line of ground objects, and the shape of ground objects similar to the site can be obtained by connecting these feature points. For geomorphology, the fault step point should be selected on the geological line that best reflects the geomorphological characteristics, such as ridge line and valley line.

(2) Theodolite mapping method

During observation, the theodolite is placed on the station and the drawing board is placed next to the station. Use theodolite to measure the included angle between the direction of the step breaking point and the known direction, the distance from the station to the step breaking point and the elevation of the step breaking point. Then, according to these data and the proportional position of the fault step point, draw it on the map, mark its elevation on the right side of the point, and then draw the terrain against the field.

The operation steps are as follows:

1) Place the instrument. Put the instrument into the measuring station, measure the vertical plate index difference, measure the instrument height I, and fill in the manual.

2) orientation. Find a control point as the zero direction and set the reading of the horizontal dial to zero.

3) Ruler. The ruler will set the ruler on the feature points of ground objects and landforms in turn.

4) observation. Turn the sighting part, aim at the scale of 1 point, and read the horizontal dial; Reading the upper and lower wires and calculating the formula spacing; Read the medium wire reading and the vertical plate reading again.

5) record. Fill in the measured readings in the notebook in turn.

6) calculation. According to the formula of sight distance measurement, the horizontal distance, height difference and elevation of the broken step point are calculated with a calculator.

7) Show the steps of crushing.

4. Drawings, as shown in the attached drawings.

9. Causes and solutions of errors in practice:

1. There are three main sources of various measurement errors:

(1). Instrument error (determined by the instrument itself and the objective error source).

(2) Observation error (due to the technical level of personnel, it is a subjective error source).

(3) External influence error (it is influenced by external factors, such as temperature and atmospheric refraction, which changes all the time and is difficult to control, and belongs to a variable error source).

2. Methods to reduce measurement error:

(1) Appropriate high-precision instruments should be selected for instrument selection.

(2) Improve the measurement level and reduce the error level.

(3) Processing data by various mathematical methods to reduce errors, such as temperature correction, ruler length correction, multiple average measurements, etc.

X. Internship experience:

Compared with the previous teaching practice, the real engineering (internship) can obviously better understand the knowledge learned. That's true. Through this internship, I really realized the importance of integrating theory with practice.

Measurement is first and foremost an accurate job. By studying surveying in class as a student, I have formed the basic and theoretical outline of surveying in my mind. The purpose of practice is to link these theories with practical engineering, which is the characteristic of engineering. Surveying is a science that studies the shape and size of the earth and the points on the ground. In essence, the main task of measurement is to determine the position of the ground target in three-dimensional space and its change with time. In the information society, the role of measurement is becoming more and more important. As the foundation of GIS, the survey results provide the most basic spatial position information. The construction of information superhighway, basic geographic information system and various thematic and professional geographic information systems urgently requires the establishment of a unified standard and shareable survey database and survey result information system. Therefore, surveying has become the most reliable and accurate means to acquire and update basic geographic information.

Through this internship, I have exercised a lot of basic abilities in surveying and mapping. First of all, I am familiar with the purpose of the instrument, proficient in various ways of using the instrument, and mastered the inspection and calibration methods of the instrument. Secondly, in the process of checking and correcting the data, I learned about the sources of various measurement errors and how to avoid the errors of the measurement results and minimize the measurement errors.

Third, in addition to being familiar with the use of instruments, understanding the sources of errors and measures to reduce errors, we should also master a set of scientific measurement methods and follow certain measurement principles in measurement, such as? From the whole to the part? 、? Control before breaking up? 、? From high to low? How it works, and do it? Step by step? . Doing so can not only prevent the accumulation of errors and find them in time, but also improve the efficiency of measurement.

Through engineering practice, I really learned a lot of real things, such as being more proficient in the operation of measuring instruments and leveling, and learning things that I can't do in class, such as drawing digital topographic maps and measuring damaged parts, which greatly improved my hands-on and brain-thinking ability and expanded my communication and cooperation ability with my classmates.

At the same time, in this internship, I once again realized the importance of internship team spirit: one carelessness of everyone may directly affect the progress of the project and even bring irreparable losses for a lifetime. It is far from enough for a measurement practice to be completely completed. Only the cooperation and unity of the group can make the exercise complete quickly and efficiently. This survey practice has cultivated our team's ability of division of labor and cooperation, and enhanced the feelings between students. And these are all measuring the harvest.

Generally speaking, this internship made me realize the hardships in the field, the patience in the field, the care in my work, and even the awe of the surveyors in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. I have exercised my practical ability and made myself more confident and brave in the face of future choices.

Engineering survey practice report 1 500ii201x2065438 June1day, He Laoshi gave us a mobilization meeting for engineering survey practice. Under the leadership of He Laoshi, students majoring in engineering management in our school went to the 13th teaching building of our school for a two-week engineering survey practice. There are 32 students in our class, divided into 6 groups. Zhao Jian, Zhang Yao, Deng Qiang, Xiong Zicai and I are the first group.

Now, the two-week internship is over. Through this internship, I deeply realized the importance of integrating theory with practice. Because it is summer, and these days just catch up with the hot weather and sunny days, but during the internship, the students all showed high enthusiasm and cooperation spirit. Not afraid of the heat, even forgetting to eat and sleep. Measure data during the day and step up tracking at night. Work closely together and learn from each other. Surveying and mapping work was carried out seriously, and the internship task was completed well.

Through measurement practice, I also have some experience. First of all, measurement is an accurate job. In the process of studying engineering surveying, I have formed a basic and theoretical surveying outline in my mind, and the purpose of internship is to link these theories with practical engineering. Surveying is a science that studies the shape and size of the earth and the points on the ground. In essence, the main task of measurement is to determine the position of the ground target in three-dimensional space and its change with time.

In the information society, the role of measurement is becoming more and more important. As the foundation of GIS, the survey results provide the most basic spatial position information. The construction of information superhighway, basic geographic information system and various thematic and professional geographic information systems urgently requires the establishment of a unified standard and shareable survey database and survey result information system. Therefore, surveying has become the most reliable and accurate means to acquire and update basic geographic information. There are many classifications of surveying, such as general surveying, geodesy, photogrammetry and engineering surveying. As a student of architectural engineering department, we should learn all aspects of measurement. Surveying and mapping is the basis of these professional knowledge.

Through this internship, I learned the practical ability of measurement and had more endurance in the face of difficulties; In order to finish the task as soon as possible, we work overtime every day. Although we were very tired and hard, we overcame all kinds of difficulties. At the same time, we also felt enriched in the internship, learned the unity and tacit understanding between groups, and exercised many of our surveying and mapping abilities. First of all, I am familiar with the use of level and theodolite, proficient in the use of level and theodolite, and have mastered the inspection and calibration methods of instruments.

Secondly, in the process of checking and correcting the data, we know the sources of various measurement errors, mainly including three aspects: instrument error (determined by the instrument itself, which is an objective error source), observation error (caused by the technical level of personnel, which is a subjective error source) and external influence error (influenced by external factors such as temperature and atmospheric refraction, which is constantly changing and difficult to control, which is a variable error source). In this way, we can better understand how to avoid the error of measurement results and minimize the measurement error, that is, we should do the following:

(1) Appropriate high-precision instruments should be selected for instrument selection. On the premise of limited instrument precision, the error is eliminated by mechanical rotation and other methods. (2) Improve the engineering survey level, master the correct methods and standardize the operation. Reduce the error level.

(3) Reduce the error through various mathematical methods of data processing, such as temperature correction and ruler length correction in ranging, and take the average value for many times to correct the value. Third, in addition to being familiar with the use of instruments and understanding their principles, we should also master a set of scientific measurement methods and follow certain measurement principles in measurement, such as? From the whole to the part? 、? Control before breaking up? 、? From high to low? How it works, and do it? Step by step? .

This can not only prevent the accumulation of errors and find them in time, but also improve the efficiency and accuracy of measurement. Through practice, I really learned a lot of real things, such as being more proficient in the operation, leveling and centering of measuring instruments, and learning things that I can't learn and do in class, such as drawing digital topographic maps and measuring damaged parts. But during my internship, I did it, although it was not perfect, and I succeeded in tortuous failure. To a great extent, the ability to use your hands and brains and deal with various situations has been improved.

For more than a week, we have been sticking to our own? Location? In the process of observing, recording, calculating and tracking point ..................................................................................................................................................................., we also encountered many problems, difficulties and difficulties. Through the teacher's advice and our serious treatment, it is still very easy to overcome. Thank you very much for this internship, which provides us with an opportunity to study together, make progress together and complete a project together. I benefited a lot from it.

In the process of internship, I also found that the popularization of internship is very important. Our government has made great achievements in the educational activities to promote economic construction for many years. People's ideas and consciousness have been greatly improved. But there are still some shortcomings in the depth and breadth of economic development. Our activities can't just stay on the surface, but go deep into reality and really let people know the meaning. On this basis, gradually establish people's belief in economic development and establish the sacred position of economic development. Only in this way can there be hope for the economic construction of our country.