What is the design of quick questions for the postgraduate entrance examination of architecture and urban planning?

The second edition of the reference book "1 Cases of Rapid Architectural Design" published by Li Zhitao Southeast University Press is available for sale in the market, with a beige cover of 16 squares. The style of this book is a typical "Southeast Style". As we all know, Li Lao is a master in this field, and he is also in charge of the fast-topic remedial class in Southeast China every year. In short, the works included in the book are free and unrestrained, and the collected works have a typical effect of expressing excellent works by hand. Moreover, the book has made a relatively in-place comment on each included work from both positive and negative angles, so the advantages and disadvantages are known at a glance. Of course, some contents and statements are inevitably controversial, and everyone can reserve their own opinions to compare and consider the problem. In addition, the preface of this book was specially added by Li Lao in the second edition, which is concise and enlightening for practice after reading it.

"Architectural Design Guidance Series: Rapid Architectural Design Methods" was published by Xu Weiguo Tsinghua University Publishing House with a black cover of 16 pages. This book is strong in theory, but slightly weaker than the previous one. However, because of its good integrity, it tells many questions in detail in chapters and sections. At the same time, the collected works have Tsinghua University's rigorous style, and the lines are hard to express, and most of them are expressed by ruler tools, so it is suitable for students who are ready to apply for Tsinghua and those who are good at ruler expression.

PART2 preparation before quick questions and related matters needing attention

this is a part that many people will ignore, and everyone's attention is often focused on the design and expression of some quick questions themselves, but sharpening the knife does not require chopping wood, and some common tips are shared with you here.

1. Paper and its related preparation work

The choice of paper only exists in the situation that candidates prepare themselves. Many colleges and units tend to issue paper for exams because they have their own inspection purposes. For example, copying paper (also called rough drawings) is suitable for investigating the most commonly used paper used by an architect to express his design intention and design results quickly. What I want to talk about is not how to use each kind of paper, but that in the process of usual practice, everyone should be involved in the expression practice of all kinds of paper so that they will not panic when they meet the exam of unified paper in the examination room.

On the other hand, when the paper is provided by the examinee, there are many preparations that can be made:

(1) The general principle of paper selection: first, it is necessary to be good at expressing yourself, and then it is very important to use a piece of paper with low transparency but enough to see the pencil lines below. All kinds of paper have different characteristics, so you should try to figure it out yourself in the process of practicing. As far as transparency is concerned, being too transparent is not allowed by some colleges and universities, and being completely opaque is not conducive to improving the speed of comparing stack drawings. You still have to play this side ball.

(2) auxiliary axis grid: use HB or B pencil to lightly lay a grid with a certain scale on the paper, so that it can be seen clearly, but it should not be too deep, which will affect the expression of the drawing, and the lines are too shallow to be seen. It is best to cover a piece of the same paper with a suitable depth. The spacing of grids is drawn with the design module commonly used by yourself and the drawing ratio of your own practice habits (for example, 8mx8m, 6mx6m, and 4cmx4cm, 3cmx3cm when drawn on paper at a ratio of 1: 2). This is mainly for the axis, whether it is freehand expression or ruler expression will play an auxiliary role, and secondly, it can finally form a certain composition effect on the drawing.

(3) font: type a square with a side length of 3-4 cm, and write the name of the design project (for example, "Sales Department") in it. Then, you can write "Quick Design" on it in a slightly smaller sub-box. It is recommended to use a simple and generous font.

by the same token, the grid of the design description design name (such as the first floor plan, etc.) can also be typed in advance. However, considering the inverted composition and the size of various drawings on the drawing, it is still recommended to make a layout while designing the sub-grid, because the layout has a great influence on the drawing effect. Or you can write it on a small piece of paper and then stack it on the drawing during the exam.

(4). This is the most critical but not necessarily point: choose the right paper according to the expression methods and tools you are good at. The specific operation should be considered according to your own situation, so I won't go into details here.

2. Pen:

A. Needle tube pen-brand: optional, and it is recommended to use Goyle disposable needle tube pen

This disposable needle tube pen has various thickness specifications from .5 to 1.2, which is very suitable for the expression of pen bone lines in more rigorous technical drawings.

B. Artist Pen-brand: optional, recommended heroes 238 and 59

A good artist pen plays the role of many needle pens with different thickness and specifications in free and unrestrained freehand expression, and the expression effect is richer, but the time for changing pens is saved. Although the time for changing pens is not long, you should know that every minute counts in the examination room. If the pen expression weight is large, the time consumption for changing pens will accumulate.

PART3 express related matters needing attention

generally speaking, there are some tips that can be used immediately in this respect, but they are far less than the above aspects. Mainly because the quick questions themselves need long-term practice and accumulation.

1. General drawing sequence and work content:

① Scheme stage

The scheme stage referred to here generally covers all the plans, main elevation, space perspective and layout design, which are the most important drawing contents to determine a scheme, and other like section views, sub-elevation views and general plans can be generated by the first three.

(Note: the site design of the general layout should be completed together with the entrance floor plan, and the expression of effects such as coloring in each stage can be completed together or after all drawings are completed, but it is suggested that the expression of effects such as coloring should be completed together with the drawing of bone lines. )

② entrance floor plan

③ second floor plan (local three floors) sketch

It needs to be explained here that the so-called "sketch" refers to the sketch that can directly guide the mapping, not the conceptual intention sketch. For students who are quick-handed, the sixth step can be completed here in advance. The reason why he and mapping are divided into two steps is because the overall progress requirements-the main elevation and perspective/axonometric drawing are two very important links.

④ Main elevation

No matter whether the perspective is one point, two points or three points, the main elevation is an important design source. After it is completed, it can be said that the perspective/axonometric drawing will be completed by one third.

⑤ perspective view/axonometric drawing

axonometric drawing has always been a requirement of Tongji University. Besides, I haven't heard of other universities taking this form of investigation, so I haven't experienced it before, so I don't want to elaborate on it here and hope someone can make it up.

a little perspective is the simplest and time-saving method, and the relationship between advance and retreat in deep space can be directly drawn from the main elevation. However, the effect is not good, and it is only applicable to the scheme with clear advance and retreat relationship of the main facade. Two-point perspective is the most commonly used. In addition to directly using the design results of the main elevation, it can also design the secondary elevation synchronously, which will be used in the subsequent secondary elevation drawing. It is suggested to use two-point perspective, because we all know that the graphic effect of quick questions is very important, and the design improvisation may not necessarily have too good inspiration, or the reasons accumulated on weekdays are not enough to shock the world, but the graphic expression is a link that can increase points as much as possible, so we must take it seriously and pay enough attention to it. As for three-point perspective, spatial expression and layout composition are the best.

⑥ Complete the second floor plan (local three floors)

Grasp the profile from the entrance floor plan and the completed main elevation and perspective

Grasp the profile from the completed main elevation and perspective of each floor plan

⑧ Subelevation

Grasp the total from the completed main elevation, each floor plan and perspective

⑨.

As mentioned in PART1, the writing work can be prepared in advance.

The analysis mainly refers to the volume analysis, and the effect of washing and practicing the hand-drawn volume analysis chart is very pleasing. Structural details are some simple expressions of main structural relations, and creative architectural details can also be prepared in advance before the exam.

note: the time spent in each stage should be determined according to your own habits, and a fixed timetable can be formed. How much time is the best for each stage? Every time I draw a picture, it takes different time at different stages according to the specific situation. However, it is always found that the first five steps in the above 1 steps should account for about 55% (4-hour quick questions)-65% (6-hour quick questions), which is a point. If this point can be stuck, the overall quality will be guaranteed. Of course, no one's own situation is different, but the general idea is not to be quick, to ensure the stability of the design in the early stage, to put the thinking work on the scheme in the front as far as possible, and to devote ourselves to the performance work in the back as much as possible.

2. About the color expression on the drawing:

From the different expression methods that everyone is good at, we can get a target effect of color expression on the drawing, but many people wander between various expression types: is it colored lead? Marker? Watercolor? Color chalk? Or something else?

I roughly divide color expression into three categories: 1. It is an all-round large-area color expression, 2. It only expresses the scenery, and 3. It only expresses the architecture (mainly the local details of the key design of the architecture).

I admire the second method most, which has four advantages:

(1) Only painting the scenery will save a lot of time, and the painting methods of the scenery are also rich. Choosing the appropriate painting method of the scenery is enough to achieve an active picture. The color expression of the architectural design details that really need to be expressed can be described as embellishment.

(2) Only the matching colors are drawn, which is convenient for the color system of the drawing and will not appear messy. Most of the scenery is mainly in green, supplemented by various tones of brown and gray, which can not only set off the architectural drawing, but also express sufficient layering, and the drawing effect is unified and rich.

(3) The expression of architecture can focus more on the expression of lines. No matter what unit or college, it is quite popular to practice vivid line expression in quick questions. Li Lao also mentioned in his book that "the wonderful thing about drawing a pen line graph is actually expressing lines" (I can't remember the original words clearly, which means this). In order to achieve good graphic expression, the rich line depiction in the expression of architecture must not be replaced by the large-area color blanket of rapid expression tools such as markers.

(4) Contrary to the above-mentioned line expression architecture, it is the expression of landscape. In this way, the color blocks can be unified, and secondly, it is a good expression of layout design. For example, the perspective view and the vertical view or the plane view can be connected into a color block, and the brightness and hue are slightly uneven, so that the scenery can be used as a line of sight to attract elements in the layout design to achieve the overall effect of connecting the whole picture in series.

is it sufficient?