Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Looking for the theme of composition (Hangzhou charm)
Looking for the theme of composition (Hangzhou charm)
West Lake, called Qiantang River in ancient times, is also called Xizi Lake, and its shape is nearly equiaxed polygon. The lake is divided into five sub-lakes by Gushan and artificial dikes in Su Causeway and Bai Causeway, and the sub-lakes are connected by bridge opening. The water in each part can not be fully mixed, resulting in the difference of water quality in each lake. Most of the runoff recharge first enters the three sub-lakes on the west side, and then enters the Outer West Lake. The total area of the lake is 5.593km2, the total volume is 1. 1 100 million cubic meters, and the average water depth is1.97m. The sediments in the West Lake are a kind of lake and marsh sediments with particularly high organic matter content, belonging to silty clay or silty loam. The top layer is all algal skeleton sapropelic layer (black organic clay), the middle layer is peat layer or swamp soil, and the bottom layer is basal silt layer. The rivers entering the lake are short-flowing, and the main recharge rivers are Jinsha River, Longhong River and Changqiao River.
The beauty of the West Lake lies not only in the lake, but also in the mountains. Around the West Lake, there are Longjing Mountain, Li 'an Mountain, Nanfeng Mountain, Yanxialing Mountain, Daci Mountain, Shilin Mountain, Nanping Mountain, Phoenix Mountain and Wu Shan in the southwest, collectively referred to as Nanshan. There are Lingyin Mountain, Beifeng Mountain Mountain, Xiangu Mountain, Qixialing Mountain and Baoshi Mountain in the north, collectively referred to as Beishan Mountain. They hold out the pearl of the West Lake like everyone's heart. The height of the mountain is no more than 400 meters, but the peaks are beautiful and the nymphs are beautiful. The north and south peaks are far apart, towering into the sky.
The Ten Scenes of the West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty and basically distributed around the West Lake. Some of them are located on the lake: Su Causeway Xiao Chun, Quyuan Fenghe, Pinghu Qiuyue, Broken Bridge Canxue, Liulang Wenying, Huagang Fish Watching, Leifeng Sunset, Twin Peaks, Nanping Night Bell, Santan silver moon and West Lake Ten Scenery all have their own strengths, which together represent the essence of the ancient West Lake scenery, so both Hangzhou locals and foreign tourists.
1985, Hangzhou citizens and people all over the country actively participated in the selection of the ten scenic spots of the new West Lake, which was determined after repeated deliberation by the expert selection committee. They are: Yun Qi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Run, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Tobacco Tree, Wushan Tianfeng, Soft Shield Huanbi, Huanglong, Jade Emperor Feiyun and Gem Liuxia.
Other scenic spots include Baoju Xiu Xiu, Long Bridge Old Moon, Ancient Pagoda Affectionate, Lakeside Green Corridor, Gorgeous Gardens, Jinsha Style, Jiuli Yun Song, Meiwu Tea Scenery, Xishan Party, Prince Wild Fun, Plant Kingdom, Zhongshan Site, Lingyin Buddhist Kingdom, Wang Yue Tomb Temple, etc.
The West Lake is not only famous for its beautiful landscapes and deep beautiful forests and valleys, but also rich in cultural relics and beautiful myths and legends, which are skillfully integrated with nature, humanities, history and art. There are many historical sites in the West Lake, including 5 national key cultural relics protection units, 35 provincial cultural relics protection units and 25 municipal cultural relics protection units. There are also 39 cultural relics protection sites and various characteristic museums dotted around, which are famous historical and cultural tourist attractions in China.
"If you can't throw it in Hangzhou, half of it is this lake"-West Lake is a poem, a natural picture and a beautiful story. Both people who have lived here for many years and travelers who have passed in a hurry are fascinated by the beauty of a Chinese odyssey.
In the spring of March, the grass grows and the warblers fly, Su Bai Causeway, peaches and willows meet the shore. There are waves and cruise ships on both sides, and empty mountains and green waters in the distance. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be amazed and ecstatic by the scenery in front of you. The beauty of the West Lake is not unique to spring. No matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual amorous feelings, such as the lotus flowers all over the sky in summer, the three pools and the moon in the autumn night, the red berries in the shadow after the winter snow, the warbler in the willow cage gauze and the balcony in the misty rain.
You can take the 1-5 tourist shuttle bus to the West Lake, and you can coin it automatically. The fare is 2 yuan. When you get to the West Lake, you can take a bus to the scenic spot you want to go to. Most buses are coin-operated, and the fare is 1 yuan. In addition, most scenic spots in the West Lake have recently opened public bicycle services. You can also rent a car at one of the designated stations and return it at other stations. You can take a minibus in the scenic spot, usually around 15-35 yuan.
There are ten scenic spots in the old West Lake.
○ Three pools printing the moon
A. Nanping night clock
○ Twin peaks in the clouds.
Leifeng sunset
Watching fish in Huagang.
Liu Lang Wenying
○ Broken bridge and residual snow
Autumn moon in Pinghu
Quyuan fenghe
Su Causeway, Xiao Chun.
Bamboo Path in Yun Qi
○ Jade Emperor Flying Cloud
Wushan tianfeng
A soft shield ring.
○ Manguilong Rain
Longjing tea
nine creeks in misty forest
Huanglong Cui Tu
Hupao Spring
○ Gemstone Flowing Xia
Yun Qi Bamboo Trail
Fifteen scenic spots of the new West Lake
○ First Street: Beishan Street historical and cultural block.
Hall 2: China Tea Museum and Su Dongpo Memorial Hall
○ Three Gardens: Yun Qi Scenic Area, Renshoushan Park and Longhongjian Scenic Area.
○ Four Tombs: Gong Chenyu's Tomb, Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb, Tomb and Chen's Tomb.
○ Five Scenes: Zhujiajia, Wei Lu, Yucen Poetry Society, Liuyushan Residence and Santaige.
Thirty-six scenic spots of West Lake
Li Gengtang
○ Langdangling (entrance)
○ Memorial Room of Premier Zhou Enlai in meijiawu
Tang Shengmen
○ Kyle Poirot and Hangzhou Memorial Sculpture
○ Farewell to Bai Gong (Farewell to Bai Juyi's group sculpture)
Xintai hotel
Volunteer statue
○ Monument to the fallen soldiers in the Battle of Songhu
○ Tang Sheng Road Villa Group
Qingqi camp and training ground
○ Storm Pavilion (Storm Bridge, Xiaodejing)
○ Tang water diversion memorial card
Yang Gongdi Monument Pavilion
Yongfu bridge
Yujian bridge
Jingxing ancient bridge
Songhe mountain villa
Li Hong Villa
Faxiang Zhang Tang
Huang Mao building.
○ Wuzhuangyuan Square
○ Zijiu Caotang
○ Yu Qu Yuanmu (including Youtai Fairy Hall)
○ Damailing Sudongpo Cliff Stone Carvings
○ Tomb of Yuqian (Temple)
Zhao memorial pavilion
○ Wufeng Caotang
○ Maoxiang Ancient Road (including Tongli Ancient Bridge)
Lanyuan
A small secluded garden
Tianze building
Zhaogongdi
○ Yannan Luji (former residence of Gai Jiaotian)
○ Around blue lagoon Villa
○ Fengheyu Wine Shop
Gourmet Hangzhou (episode 7)
CCTV International (2005120 October 0103)
Speaking of Hangzhou, people first think of its beautiful scenery. In fact, the snacks in Hangzhou are as attractive as its scenery. There are so many kinds of snacks in Hangzhou that you can eat them every night when you open your eyes and sleep. I don't think you can finish it in three days. Hangzhou snacks have a long history, and snacks with a history of hundreds of years can only be regarded as young people. Hangzhou snacks are cultured, almost every snack has an allusion or legend, and many of them can also be related to some historical and cultural celebrities.
Today, Mouth and Cat are looking for these famous snacks in Hangzhou. It is not enough to find them, but also to find the best place to cook them.
Zhuangyuan Pavilion was built in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. Because it used to be close to Gong Yuan, the imperial examination, it took the word "Zhuangyuan". Champion Pavilion is a famous noodle in Hangzhou, and this shrimp fried eel noodle is its first sign. Fried eel Noodles with Shrimp is just a bowl of noodles, but its cooking requirements are very strict. For example, the main raw material eel must be killed and cooked now, shrimp must be fresh river shrimp, noodle soup, and chicken soup juice must be used. The noodles made in this way are good in color, flavor and taste.
Zhiweiguan is also a century-old shop, which has always been famous in history. It is said that some movie stars in Shanghai specially chose to hold a banquet here in the 1930s. Now Zhiweiguan is a famous restaurant as famous as Louwailou. If Louwailou is the signature of Hangzhou cuisine, Zhiweiguan is famous for its snacks. There are many kinds of snacks in Zhiweiguan, as many as hundreds, and even the picky tastes can be delicious. In addition, Zhiweiguan also has some signature snacks, such as Zhiweiguan steamed buns, honey glutinous rice lotus root and cat ears, all of which originated here.
Greedy cat's recommendation: Champion Pavilion-located in Hefe Street, Shangcheng District, this is a century-old shop, where you can eat authentic shrimp fried eel noodles.
Zhiweiguan-This is an old chain store with many kinds of snacks and authentic taste.
Among them, the head office is located in Renhe Road, Shangcheng District, near the West Lake, and there are many other branches, including Yin Gao Street Store in Shangcheng District, Zhongshan North Road Store in downtown area, Hushu South Road Store, Wen Yuan Road Store and Yang Gongdi Store in Xihu District.
The greedy cat finished the task easily in the first round, but at the beginning of the second round, she let her guard down. You see, this playful problem has been committed again.
But big mouth is still seriously trying to find it. Alas, it's a pity that his luck is not very good! The opening is not ideal!
The greedy cat, having fun, finally woke up and was in a hurry.
After some searching, the greedy cat finally found Bai Jiaxian, and at the same time, Dazui arrived in Nissin.
Haha, the greedy cat miscalculated again this time. In fact, Dazui has blown up the clock and is on his way to the meeting place!
Glutton Cat's recommendation: Baijiaxian-located in Yin Gao Street, Shangcheng District, where you can eat Wu Shan shortbread with a history of thousands of years.
In addition, there is the Riqing Hou Restaurant on Hefang Street, where the bell is very authentic.
This time, the greedy cat didn't dare to neglect it again. In just over half an hour, he found Longxutang, a famous snack in Hangzhou with a history of two thousand years, in Qinghefang Street.
After tasting, the greedy cat hurried to the meeting place of the two.
Special recommendation for greedy cats: Qinghefang Street and Snack Street are the best preserved ancient blocks in Hangzhou at present. There are hundreds of old shops here, and all kinds of snacks are dazzling, such as asparagus candy just found by greedy cats, and snacks such as Ding Sheng cake and juniper with a history of thousands of years in Hang Cheng.
"Onion juniper"
Gufeng village
1.
"Eat in Hangzhou, live in Hangzhou, start a business in Hangzhou" is the slogan put forward by the Hangzhou municipal government in recent years, aiming at building Hangzhou into a modern city with international brands and integrating tourism and high technology. The song "Paradise Dream" fully embodies the artistic conception of "there is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below".
"Our home/living in heaven/green lake rippling with beautiful dreams ..."
Hangzhou is blessed with tourism resources, history and culture, with too many historical themes, and even snacks in Hangzhou. Hangzhou snacks not only have their own characteristics in color, fragrance, taste and shape, but also have rich cultural traditions, beautiful stories and patriotism. Or the behavior of supporting justice, or related to production customs, or accompanied by myths and legends, or with good wishes. Walking in the street, you can feel this unique cultural atmosphere by picking a famous snack. While tasting snacks, you can understand allusions, which will double your appetite and become a new spiritual and cultural enjoyment. Sometimes you may not even know whether you are tasting delicious food or nostalgic.
The snack climate in Hangzhou is conducive to the reform and opening up policy. With the rapid development of Hangzhou's economy, the "eating" culture has spread rapidly in Hang Cheng. The "Wu Shan Road" snack street a few years ago, whenever you walk in, it will always be a bustling feeling; In recent years, the food stalls in Wu Shan Square at the West Expo have also become one of the most lively scenes. All these can explain the "prosperity" of Hang Cheng's "eating".
The most famous snacks in Hangzhou are "cat ears", "green onions" and "shortbread". Each of these snacks has a story or legend, and each story or legend is like a halo on the Buddha, which gives these snacks a mysterious and legendary color; In turn, these snacks protect the continuation of these stories or legends, so that they can remain in people's memories even after thousands of years. People take this snack as their sustenance and inject patriotism into it; These are probably the connotations of "eating" culture, right?
Personally, the first time I came into contact with and ate the food related to legend was fried dough sticks. It was my second year in Hangzhou.
In the early years, people in Hangzhou mostly ate fried dough sticks for breakfast, but did not talk about fried dough sticks. Let's talk about fritters. Two pieces of gluten are rubbed on the board, then pulled in the air, rolled together and fried in a frying pan. Huang Cancan's is fine. I remember once buying fried dough sticks on a small push in Wulinmen. The old man selling fried dough sticks saw that I ate with relish and asked me:
"Do you know what you are eating now?"
"Fried dough sticks!"
"You are eating Qin Gui!" The old man showed a proud expression. "The fried dough sticks are Qin Gui and his wife."
I'm at a loss. At that time, I really didn't know that the fritters would be associated with Qin Gui.
After returning home, I read all the books about Hangzhou snacks and legends that I could find at home. This time, I really found another snack related to Qin Gui, that is "Juniper".
"Onion juniper" is made of refined white flour, wrapped in fried dough sticks and onions, rolled into a tube, baked in a pot, and coated with sweet sauce or hot sauce when both sides of the cake are golden. This kind of cake tastes soft and delicious, which is very suitable for the eating habits of Hangzhou people, so it is also a very popular breakfast. Nowadays, juniper wrapped in onion is also made of eggs.
The connection between "Chopped with Green Onions" and Qin Gui is as follows: It is said that after Yue Fei was killed by Qin Gui, someone in Hangzhou kneaded flour into the appearance of a couple in Qin Gui, then took a knife sideways and threw it into a frying pan for frying. When selling, he shouted, "Come and eat fried juniper."
I closed my eyes and imagined the people in Hangzhou vying for food. Do ordinary people eat "green onions"? Don't! They are eating hatred, eating hatred. They express their love and hate in their own ways and methods.
2.
Qin Gui is a passer-by in the long river of history. No matter how treacherous he is, time can wash away everything. However, due to the legend of Wang Yue Temple and "onion juniper", people's hatred for him can't be eliminated anyway. Therefore, as long as all those who betray their country and seek glory are hated by ordinary people, they will be remembered for thousands of years. On the contrary, his justice will always be praised by everyone.
These two poems in front of Yue's tomb can best represent this meaning: "Good and evil have been frozen since ancient times; Today, Huai is judged to be false or true "; "Castle Peak has the honor to bury loyal bones; White iron casts innocent courtiers. "
There is an anonymous poem in the Southern Song Dynasty, which can also illustrate this problem.
Where is the Tian Ge Pavilion? Yanyuetang hates it.
Luoyang does not look for white hair, but the dock deposits gold.
A joke will make Luo Zhi happy, and you will know that there is a lamp by your side.
Loneliness is gone now, and idle mud is piled up on the wall.
Even after Qin Guan passed the temple, he lowered his noble head and lamented "shameful Qin".
But the development process of things has two sides. Generally speaking, Yue Fei's death is directly related to Qin Gui, because Qin Gui's treachery damaged Yue Fei's loyalty. I never doubted that either. As an image of national integrity and loyalty, Gong Yue will live in people's hearts forever, which I have never doubted. However, for Qin Gui, we have to find the reasons in many ways. Obviously, people can't be divided into traitors and loyal ministers at birth, and the attributes of such people can only be gradually developed during their growth. Qin Gui is also a scholar and prime minister. Why did he kill Yue Fei and demote Zhang Jun, Zhao Ding and others? There is no doubt that my doubts will inevitably bring me an unusually large number of bricks. Please wait a moment. It's not too late to smash it after listening to me. I mean: Are there other factors behind Qin Gui? Is Song Gaozong responsible? Is there a deeper historical connotation in killing Yue and demoting Zhang Zhao?
I looked up some information about this in the Southern Song Dynasty. Maybe it's because I'm too shallow to find the answer in the written records of the Southern Song Dynasty I checked. Although there is also a saying that Song Gaozong is incompetent, no one has studied this issue in depth. In order to answer satisfactorily, it is Qin Gui's responsibility. There is even a saying that Qin Gui was arrested as a spy. I basically believe that Qin Gui was captured, but I'm always suspicious of spies. If the prime minister becomes a spy, the existence of the dynasty itself becomes a problem, and such an emperor has no reason to exist.
Personally, I think what Qin Gui did is probably what Zhao Gou meant (or what Zhao Gou was groggy). Only after death, the dynasty still surnamed Zhao, and the descendants of the emperor surnamed Zhao have more accusations about the inconvenience of his ancestors. Just as we denied the Cultural Revolution, we put the blame on Lin Biao and Jiang Qing.
When Wen Zhiming, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, saw the stone carvings of Yue Fei's tomb, he wrote a poem "Man Jiang Hong" which has been passed down through the ages:
Wipe away the remnants of the inscription, and the flying word is faintly readable.
How heavy it was to fly at first, and how cool it was later!
If you succeed, you die, but poor things cannot be redeemed.
The most innocent people can hate more pitifully and storm the prison.
Don't you read it, Zhongyuan Cu?
Don't hesitate, emblem, humiliation?
However, since Hui and Qin have come back, where does this body belong?
I never boasted about crossing the south, and I was afraid of the restoration of the Central Plains at that time.
What can you do if you just smile a little? Do whatever you want!
Wen Zhiming is not a historian, and his judgment on history may be biased. Although the words used in his ci need textual research, at least it is clear that he also expressed doubts about it.
Yue Fei was recruited by Qin Gui with 12 gold medals when he made achievements in the Northern Expedition (some records even thought that he was about to succeed), and he was killed in Fengbo Pavilion on trumped-up charges. Is Qin Gui really loyal to his benefactor? In this sense, Qin Gui is still very loyal, but he is loyal to a thief, thus betraying his own personality. But Song Gaozong is also his master? I guess there was "Hui Qin returned, where did this body go?" There is a factor of "self-fear of the restoration of the Central Plains".
Writing here, I suddenly understood a truth: I am not a historian, and there is no need to complicate the problem. I just need to know that the image of Gong Yue and the tomb of Yue Fei show the trial of history, the opposition of people's hearts and the invincible justice.
3.
Another famous dish in Hangzhou related to ancient figures is Dongpo pork.
"Dongpo Meat" is made of pork with thin skin and tender meat, Shaoxing yellow wine as soup, placed in a sealed casserole and stewed with slow fire. After the product is made, the color is rosy, the juice is rich and mellow, crisp but not broken, waxy but not greasy. Dongpo meat ranks among the top ten famous dishes in Hangzhou.
The first time I touched Dongpo meat, I tied a knot in my heart. In the traditional culture of China, Qin Gui is symbolized as "an onion" and everyone eats it, which is easy to understand. Yue Wumu has a famous saying in Red River, which means that "a strong man is hungry for meat and talks about thirst for Hun blood". But Su Dongpo is a great scholar and poet. His contribution to Hangzhou and his achievements in governing the West Lake are rare among historical figures. Up to now, Su Causeway is still one of the most beautiful scenic spots in the West Lake, and "Xiao Chun, Su Causeway" ranks first among the top ten scenic spots in the West Lake. How can such a great man have "Dongpo meat"?
Only by knowing the origin of the allusion of Dongpo meat can we fully understand this matter.
Legend has it that Su Dongpo made outstanding achievements when he was the magistrate of Hangzhou. On the day when the dredging project of the West Lake was completed, people sent pork and Shaoxing wine to show their respect. Su Weng refused, so he let his family burn it according to the above method and then distributed it to the migrant workers who dug the lake. Because of Su Shi's merits, people call this kind of meat "Dongpo Meat".
It turns out that "Dongpo meat" refers to the meat given by Su Dongpo. The difficulty in understanding China's ancient literature can also be seen here. No wonder many young people read ancient Chinese and find it difficult to understand. I think I can find a step when I fail the ancient literature exam in college.
Here is a problem, the same food, one is a symbol of beauty and the other is an evil curse. "Dongpo Meat" and "Onion Juniper" are just like Go. Although it exists on the same chessboard, the pieces are black and white, which makes people see at a glance.
In China's traditional cultural personality, the cultural personality of "eating" is like a passerby in rags, and has never been on the elegant stage. Most ancient literati and poets disdained this culture. They want to be elegant and show the elegance of their scholars. They would rather talk about "troubles" than lower their cultural personality for food. Once this food culture collides with Confucian culture, it will be cremated. As far as I can remember, the most famous monograph of this kind is Tea Classic. Another reason for this situation is the word "secret". The "palace secret recipe" and various "secret recipes" of various shops are important factors restricting the development of this culture. On the contrary, the richness of folk food culture is beyond the imagination of ordinary people.
The vitality of folk food culture is mainly reflected in beautiful legends and stories. It also analyzes the "food" culture in Hangzhou. "West Lake Vinegar Fish" is related to the Song brothers and tells a story of revenge for his younger brother. Song Sao Yu Tang tells the nostalgia for the old country; "Broiler" is friendship; "Wu Shan shortbread" embodies the people's love and hate for the old and new dynasties; The story of "Tangtuan" tells us that practice makes perfect, but you can't conquer the world. When leading troops to fight, you can't tell right from wrong, and you can't tell red from white. The sword in your hand can only be used to punish evil, otherwise it will lose people's hearts.
These popular legends and stories are simple in content, but they actually contain profound personality ethics, humanity, aesthetics and even philosophical thoughts.
The stories of "Green Peel" and "Dongpo Meat" just reflect the collision of beauty and ugliness of personality, which more or less reflects an ordinary person's ability to distinguish objective things. Dongpo Meat reposes the praise of ordinary people for their beautiful personality, while Juniper tells the hatred of Qin Gui and others.
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