Space "Cleaner" Read the answer

① In the vast space, there are many man-made spacecraft orbiting the earth. Some satellites help aircraft and ships determine their orientation; some satellites observe weather changes; some satellites maintain communications in all directions. In addition, space telescopes and space orbital stations explore the mysteries of the universe and conduct scientific experiments day and night.

② These spacecrafts consume a huge amount of manpower, material and financial resources from design, manufacturing to launch. Even a small problem during operation will cause inestimable losses. However, there are some troublemakers who threaten their operational safety from time to time. These troublemakers are just nasty space junk.

③What is space junk? Some of them are scrapped satellites that have completed their missions and have reached the end of their design life; some are spacecraft that failed to launch and failed to enter the intended orbit; and some are the remains of rockets that launched satellites. These things have lost ground control, and are like vehicles that do not obey traffic rules on the highway, running rampant. Once a normally operating spacecraft encounters them, it will immediately suffer. Space junk flies very fast and is extremely destructive; and because the air in outer space is thin and has little resistance, they may fly around the earth for many years without falling into the atmosphere and burning up.

④ British scientists have developed an artificial satellite specifically designed to remove space debris. This is what we call a space "cleaner". It can help solve the troublesome problem of space debris. Space" "Cleaner" has a mass of only 6 kilograms, and the total cost of manufacturing and launching it was less than $1 million. Although it is not big in stature, it is quite capable. It is equipped with four cameras that search up and down, left and right, and front and back. As soon as it sees the space junk, it immediately approaches it, then grabs the troublemaker tightly, and then forces the space junk to slow down its flight speed with itself, lowering its altitude under the influence of neutrality. Once they enter the dense atmosphere, the high temperatures generated by the intense air friction will burn them together. From the ground, it looks like a meteor falling from the sky. If the garbage is too large and does not have time to be completely burned in the atmosphere, the "cleaner" can also control the landing time and let its debris fall into the desert or ocean, neither No matter how it threatens spacecraft in the sky, it will not cause trouble to people on the ground.

⑤With space "cleaners", the outer space will be much cleaner and the operation of spacecraft will be much safer. But the current approach still makes the "cleaners" and space junk die together. Although the cost is not too expensive, it is not cost-effective to sacrifice a "cleaner" to remove one piece of garbage. The next step for scientists is to develop a more advanced space "cleaner" so that it can destroy one piece of space junk and then look for other junk to complete more cleaning work.

11. What is the explanatory object of the selected text? (2 points)

12. Combined with the content of paragraph 3 of the selected article, explain what "space junk" is. (2 points)

13. What is the main content explained in paragraph 4 of the selected text? (2 points)

14. The language of the selected article is vivid and vivid. Please give an example from the selected article and make a brief analysis. (3 points)

11. (2 points) Space "cleaners" (1 point if the answer is "space junk and space cleaners")

12. (3 points)

Example 1: "Space junk" refers to scrapped satellites remaining in space, spacecraft that did not enter the intended orbit due to launch failure, and the remains of rockets that launched satellites.

Example 2: "Space junk" refers to spacecraft and rocket debris left in space that have lost ground control. (As long as the meaning is correct)

13. (2 points) Characteristics of space “cleaners” (1 point) and their uses (functions, functions). (1 point)

(1 point if the answer is "Methods to remove space junk")

14. (3 points) Example: "These things have lost ground control, just like vehicles that do not obey the traffic rules on the highway, running rampant. Once a normally operating spacecraft touches them, it will immediately suffer." (1 point) This sentence Using metaphors and personification, the harm of "space junk" is vividly and vividly explained.

(2 points) (1 point for selecting sentences with vivid language and 2 points for appropriate analysis)