Which part of the human body is most vulnerable to X-rays?

I'll give you the information to see.

With the development of science and technology, X-ray examination, as a common means of medical diagnosis, has been widely used in clinic in China. At present, most patients know that radiation is harmful to health, which leads to two tendencies. One is that the harm is minimal, and I am afraid that I will get sick and ask for more inspections; Another kind is afraid of X-ray examination, especially pregnant women, and dare not step into the door of hospital radiology department. In fact, neither attitude is desirable. Experts point out that X-ray examination is harmful to human body, and exposure to X-ray can induce cancer, leukemia or other hereditary diseases. The more radiation exposure, the greater the risk of cancer. In Japan, where X-ray and CT examinations are common, 3.2% of new cancer cases are caused by these two examinations every year.

How harmful is X-ray examination?

Take a chest X-ray. When the radiation is irradiated on the inspection area, the irradiation rate is about 160mSv (unit for measuring radiation)/hour, which is about 0.045 msv// second. Take chest rib fracture as an example, it takes about 0.5 seconds to take a chest X-ray, so the patient has to bear about 0.023mSv radiation. According to six X-ray examinations, a patient with rib fracture has to bear a total radiation dose of 0. 138mSv before and after. According to the standards formulated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the total radiation risk is 0.0 165/ sievert, that is to say, every time a human body receives a radiation dose of one sievert (1SV = 1000 msv), the probability of cancer will increase by 0.0 165. Based on this calculation, the risk of a patient with rib fracture will increase by about 3.8/10 million.

For other medical examinations, the radiation dose of X-ray examination of limbs is generally 0.0 1mSv, 0.54mSv for abdomen, 0.66mSv for pelvis,10.4 msv for lumbar spine and 2.55mSv for upper digestive tract. Based on this calculation, the risk of cancer in healthy people due to physical examination is between one in ten thousand and one in one in one hundred thousand.

One thing must be pointed out: the X-ray dose of fluoroscopy and CT is much larger than that of ordinary photos. Therefore, the Basic Standard for the Safety of Ionizing Radiation and Radiation Sources (GB18871-2002+0-2002) promulgated by People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2003 stipulates that "fluoroscopy should be avoided in the screening and general survey of X-ray diagnosis". China's and international radiation health protection standards for children also clearly stipulate that "routine lung examination cannot be used as routine examination items for children and adolescents, such as annual physical examination." Developed countries have basically cancelled the "chest X-ray examination".

Due to the comprehensive use of DR equipment (digital X-ray photography) in our department, the radiation dose is greatly reduced compared with ordinary X-ray photography. It can be seen that the dose of routine radiation examination is within the safe range, and radiation injury should not be considered except for special individuals (such as early pregnancy).

How can patients reduce the harm of radiation

First of all, we should correctly choose the image inspection method. We know that there are several medical imaging devices, such as X-ray, B-ultrasound, CT, MRI, ECT and PET-CT. With the development of science and technology, more and more advanced equipment will be born. How to choose the exam that suits your needs correctly is an important issue. Generally speaking, X-ray plain film should be the first choice for skull and spine diseases. For intracranial and intraspinal diseases such as tumor, brain injury and cerebrovascular accident, CT or MRI should be selected; For cardiovascular diseases, X-ray examination or echocardiography can be selected; If we observe the details of cardiovascular diseases, we should choose multi-slice spiral CT or digital subtraction angiography; The lung and mediastinum should be examined by X-ray before CT or MRI if necessary. Abdominal and pelvic organs must first be reliable by ultrasound or CT; X-ray examination is the first choice for bone and joint diseases; Gastrointestinal examination, endoscopy or barium radiography are all good.

Two, before the X-ray examination, the examinee should make the following preparations:

1. Try to remove clothes, ornaments and auxiliary materials that may affect the inspection, mainly metal objects, reinforced plastics, traditional Chinese medicine plaster, thick wool and chemical fiber fabrics.

2. Cooperate with the doctor to set the location suitable for examination as far as possible to obtain the best image.

3. Chest and abdomen examination should be based on the doctor's instructions, and breathing should be controlled through training, so as not to blur the image when shooting.

4, try to explain the condition to the doctor, in order to increase the purpose of examination, reduce the number of repeated examination. Patients have the right to refuse unnecessary X-ray examination (including CT examination).

5, according to the reservation list, do a good job of preparation before the examination, especially diet control and intestinal preparation.

Third, we should strengthen personal protection:

1, prepare the examination according to the doctor's requirements and actively cooperate. Have the right to ask the inspection department to take necessary protective measures.

2. When the X-ray machine is in working condition, the alarm indicator light on the door of the examination room will light up. At this time, the waiting person and other personnel should not open the door to enter the room, and the waiting person should wait outside the protective door. When examining other patients, irrelevant personnel are not allowed to watch.

3. Leave the inspection site in time after the inspection.

4. Try not to use bedside examination when physical conditions permit.

Fourth, pregnant women and children are high-risk groups of radiation, so try to avoid such tests. Especially pregnant women in the first three months of pregnancy. Because this is a critical period for the formation of important fetal organs, X-rays may mutate these undeveloped cells and tissues, and the incidence of fetal congenital malformation will also increase. Women of childbearing age should follow the "ten-day principle", that is, X-ray examination should not be done within ten days after menstrual cramps. If inspection is really necessary, we should try to choose the inspection method with small radiation dose and do a good job of protection at the same time. For example, pregnant women and children should wear lead aprons on their bellies during chest X-ray examination.