Chang 'an looked back and embroidered. What city is the top of the mountain with thousands of doors open?

"Looking back at Chang 'an, there are piles of embroidery, and thousands of doors are open at the top of the mountain" comes from the first sentence or two of Du Mu's ancient poem "Crossing the Huaqing Palace". The full text is as follows:

Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn.

As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.

To annotate ...

1, Huaqing Palace: Located in Lishan Mountain, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, it is a playground for Tang and Yang Guifei. "Yuanhe County Records": "Huaqing Palace is on Mount Li, and a hot spring palace was set up at the beginning of the eleventh year of Kaiyuan. Tianbao was changed to Huaqing Palace in six years. He also built the hall of eternal life, called Jilingtai, to worship the gods. "

2, embroidered piles: refers to flowers, trees and buildings like piles of splendid.

3. Thousand gates: describe the magnificent palace at the top of the mountain with many portals.

4, the second time: in order, one by one.

5, a ride (Ji in ancient times, generally read together (two tones)): refers to the person riding a horse.

6. Red dust: refers to the dust flying when riding a horse.

7. Concubine: refers to the imperial concubine of Yang Yuhuan.

8. Knowing is: First, knowing.

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Looking back on Chang 'an, Mount Li looks like a pile of magnificent scenery. On the top of the mountain, thousands of doors of Huaqing Palace opened in turn. As soon as I rode, the smoke billowed and the princess smiled. No one knows that the south has sent litchi fresh fruit.

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Huaqing Palace was built in 723 AD (the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei had fun. Many people in later generations have written poems about Huaqing Palace, and Du Mu's quatrains are particularly exquisite and well-known. This poem lashed out at the extravagant life of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei through the typical event of sending litchi, with a slight artistic effect. [5]

The whole poem begins with "looking back", setting suspense at different levels, and finally uncovers the mystery with "no one knows", which not only exposes the absurdity of what Emperor Tang Ming did to please his favorite concubine, but also echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. The whole poem is full of difficult words, concise and exquisite, beautiful and handsome, lively and natural, and profound and subtle, and it is indeed a masterpiece in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.

The first sentence describes the scenery of Mount Li where Huaqing Palace is located. The poet writes from the perspective of "looking back" in Chang 'an, just like a film photographer. First, he shows a broad and far-reaching panorama of Mount Li in front of the audience: lush trees, lush flowers and plants, palaces and castles stand among them, just like a beautiful group. "Embroidered Pile" not only refers to the East Embroidered Ridge and the West Embroidered Ridge on both sides of Mount Li, but also describes the beauty of Mount Li.

Then, the scene moved forward, showing the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain. The normally closed palace door suddenly opened slowly. Then there are two close-ups: outside the palace, an emissary is riding a horse, flying fast, raising clouds of red dust behind him; In the palace, the princess smiled. Several shots seem to be unrelated to each other, but they all contain the suspense carefully arranged by the poet: Why did the "Thousand Doors" open? Why did "One Ride" come? Why does "concubine" laugh? The poet deliberately kept silent until the tense and mysterious atmosphere made the reader want to know, and then implicitly and euphemistically revealed the mystery: "No one knew it was litchi." "Litchi" tells the whole story. "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty": "My concubine loves litchi and wants to be born, so she rode it for thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed. She has arrived in the capital." Knowing this, the suspense in front was released at once, and those shots naturally merged.

Wu Qiao's "Poems Around the Furnace" said: "Poetry has connotations, especially those who tell stories without opinions." The artistic charm of Du Mu's poems lies in its implication and profundity. In the poem, I don't understand Xuanzong's dissolute lust, imperial concubine's love and arrogance. However, the sharp contrast between "Galloping the World of Red Dust" and "Laughing at the Noble Lady" has received much stronger artistic effect than directly expressing her opinions. The word "princess laughs" has a profound meaning. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Youwang smiled for Bo Feizi and lit a bonfire, which led to the country's demise. After reading this, readers can easily think of this well-known story. The word "unknown" is also thought-provoking In fact, "litchi lai" is not unknown, at least "concubine" knows, "riding it" knows, and there is another emperor who doesn't mention it in his poem. This writing is to show that this matter is very important and urgent, and there is no reason for outsiders not to know. This not only exposes the absurdity of the emperor's doing everything he can to please his favorite concubine, but also echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. The whole poem does not need difficult words, allusions and carvings. Simple and natural, profound and powerful. It is a masterpiece of history in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.