How did Ukraine live during the fascist occupation?

After Ukraine occupied Hitler's territory, millions of citizens found themselves in occupied areas. They actually have to be in a new state. The occupied land is regarded as a raw material base, and the population is cheap labor. Occupation of Ukraine In the first stage of the war, seizing Kiev and occupying Ukraine were the most important goals of the National Defence Force. "Kiev Kettle" has become the biggest environment in the world military history. Surrounded by German organizations, the whole front-the southwest front-was lost. The fourth army (the fifth, 21st, 26th and 37th armies) was wiped out, while the 38th and 40th armies were partially defeated. According to the official data of Hitler's German published on September 27th, 194 1 665,000 Red Army soldiers and commanders were captured in keitel, Kiev, and 37 18 cannons and 884 tanks were captured.

Stalin didn't want to leave Kiev until the last minute, although according to George zhukov's memoirs, he warned the commander-in-chief that the city should leave on July 29th. Historian Anatoly Tchaikovsky also wrote that if the decision to withdraw troops was made in time, the losses of Kiev, especially the losses of the army, would be much smaller. However, Kiev's long-term defense detained the German attack for 70 days, which was one of the factors that affected the failure of the Blitzkrieg and also had time to prepare for Moscow's defense. After the occupation of Kiev, the Germans immediately announced the compulsory registration of residents. It must be passed in five days, less than a week. The problem of food and light will begin soon. The population of occupied Kiev can only beg for survival in the market, and must be in Lukyanovka, Podil Lviv district on Yerbaz. This shop only accepts Germans. The price is high and the product quality is poor. A curfew is imposed in the city. 18 to 5 am, no going out. However, operetta theater, puppet theater and opera house, greenhouse and Ukrainian church held two art exhibitions in Kiev in 1943, and 265,438+06 artists exhibited their works. These paintings are mainly bought by Germans. And sports events. Actively work and publicize in occupied Ukraine. Residents have published 65,438+090 newspapers with a total circulation of 654,380+000 million. Radio stations and cinemas operate on the Internet. Ukrainian secession 194 1 17 In July, under the leadership of Alfred Rosenberg, the "Ministry of the Emperor of Occupied East Timor" was established according to the order of Hitler's Civil Administration on Occupied East Region. Its tasks include dividing the occupied territory into different regions and controlling them. According to Rosenberg's plan, Ukraine is divided into "influence zones".

Lviv, Drogo Beach, stanislavski and Ternopol (not including the northern region) form the Galician region, which belongs to the so-called Polish (Warsaw) General Government. Rovno, Warren, Kamenets, Podolisk, Ukrainian zhitomir, northern Ternopol, northern Vinnitsa, nikolayev, Kiev, poltava, dnipropetrovsk, Crimea and the eastern part of southern Belarus constitute "Imperial Minister Wu". The center became Rovno. The coastal areas of the Azov Sea in eastern Ukraine (chernigov, Koh Samui, Kharkov, Donbass) and southern Crimea are under military administration. Odessa, the mining area of chernov, the southern part of Vinica and the western part of Mikkola's Yev form a new Romanian "DnieStrija" province. Transcarpathian has been ruled by Hungary since 1939. Reichskommissariat Ukraine1941On August 20th, the Ukrainian Imperial Corps was ordered by Hitler to be established as the administrative unit of the Great German Empire. It includes occupied Ukrainian territory, Galicia annexed by Germany, the left bank of Transnistria, North Bukovina and Tafroya (Crimea). As a future German colony, it is called Gottingeau. In the future, Ukrainian imperialists will cover Russia: Kursk, Voronezh, orel, Rostov, Tambov, saratov and Stalingrad. The capital of Ukraine, the prime minister of the empire, rather than Kiev, is Rovna, a small regional center in western Ukraine. The Imperial Commissioner was appointed Eric Cork. From the first day in power, he pursued a very tough policy and did not restrict himself in any way or speech. He said bluntly: "When he met a Ukrainian, I needed a pole to kill a Ukrainian. Instead, I need to kill one shot. " We don't need any Russians, Ukrainians or Poles. We need fertile land. "The first thing the Germans did in the occupied areas was to start implementing their new order. All residents must register with the police, and they are not allowed to leave their homes without written permission from the government. Violating any decision, such as using a well used by Germans to draw water, may be severely punished up to hanging. There is no single civil administration and unified administration in the occupied territories. In urban and rural areas, a committee commander's office has been established. All the powers (townships) in each district belong to their respective military commanders. Mayors appointed by parishes, villages and village elders. All institutions in the former Soviet Union were dissolved and public organizations were banned. Orders in rural areas are provided by the police, large residential real estate units and security forces. At first, the Germans announced that the tax of residents in the occupied areas was lower than that of the Soviet regime, but in fact, they supplemented it by collecting door and window taxes, dog taxes, extra furniture taxes and even beard taxes. According to a woman who survived, many people live by the principle of "one day they are still alive-thank God". "Curfews are effective not only in cities, but also in rural areas. Because he shot illegally on the spot. Shops, restaurants and barbershops only serve the occupying forces. Urban citizens are prohibited from using railways and urban transportation, electricity, telegrams, mail and pharmacies. Every step is likely to see announcements: "Germans only" and "Ukrainians are not allowed to enter". Ukrainian territory occupied by raw material bases should become Germany's raw material and grain bases, with a population of cheap labor. Therefore, if possible, the leadership of the Third Reich demanded the protection of agriculture and industry that were very interested in the German military economy. Last March, 1943 exported 5.95 million from Ukraine and Germany respectively. Wheat ton, 1372000. Tons of potatoes, 2 120 ancient capital. Fuehrer's bull, 49th generation. 220,000 tons of oil. Sugar tons, 400 thousand, pigs, 406 thousand. Sheep. 1March, 944, these figures already have such indicators: 9.2 million tons of grain, 622,000 tons of meat, and millions of tons of other industrial products and food. However, the agricultural products from Ukraine were far below the expectations of the Germans, and their efforts to revitalize Donbass, Krivorog and other industrial zones ended in complete failure. Germans even had to transport coal from Germany to Ukraine. In addition to the resistance of local residents, Germans also face another problem: lack of equipment and skilled labor.

According to German statistics, the total value of all products (except agriculture) shipped to Germany from the east (that is, from all occupied areas of the Soviet Union, not from Ukraine) is 725 million marks. On the other hand, coal and equipment from Germany are exported to the east of 535 million marks; So the net profit is only 65.438+0.9 billion marks. According to the official statistics of Darling Germany, although selhozpostavkami "received compensation from the German government in the occupied eastern territory ... only one seventh of the wartime French empire." Despite the "severe measures" taken in the occupied Ukrainian territory (according to keitel), despite the existence of the occupation regime for so many years, the resistance movement has continued its activities. Ukraine took action, with Kovpak Seed (from Butif to Carpathian), Fedoroff (chernigov region) under the command of Alexei, Alexander Sabirovi (Samui region, right bank of Ukraine) and Mikhail Noumoff (Samui region). In Ukrainian cities, the * * * Production Party and the * * * Youth League operate underground. The actions of the guerrillas are coordinated with those of the Red Army. 1943 during the battle of kursk, guerrillas fought railway wars. A concert was held that autumn. The enemy's communication was blown up and the railway could not operate normally. In order to fight guerrilla warfare, the Germans were composed of local residents of yagzkomandy (fighter or hunting team) in the occupied area, also known as "fake Paris", but the success rate was very small. Among these compounds, the abandonment and transformation of the Red Army are common. According to the Russian historian Alexander Dyukova, "The brutal occupation of the regime is like this. According to conservative estimates, one-fifth of the 70 million Soviet citizens were trapped under occupation and did not live to see victory. " Millions of civilians killed by the Nazis in the occupied areas were found to have been publicly executed by nearly 300 people, and there were more than 400 settlements in the 180 concentration camp. In order to stop the resistance movement, the Germans carried out the collective responsibility system for terrorism or sabotage. 50% Jews and 50% Ukrainians, Russians and hostages from other countries were executed. During the occupation, 3.9 million civilians were killed in Ukraine. 1941On September 29th and 30th, the symbol of the Ukrainian massacre was Babyar, where 29,700 Jews were killed alone. After 103 weeks, the invaders were executed every Tuesday and Friday (the total number of victims was150,000).