Shenzhou spaceship has short information.

The total length of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft is 8.86 meters, with a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters and a total weight of 7,790 kilograms. In terms of configuration, it consists of orbital module, return module, propulsion module and an additional part. It adopts a typical "three cabins and one section" structure. The whole spacecraft can be divided into 13 different subsystems by function. This 13 subsystem is named after its functions, namely: payload, structure and mechanism, thermal control, guidance navigation and control, propulsion, power supply, data management, measurement and control and communication, environmental control and life support, crew, recovery and landing, instrument and lighting and emergency rescue subsystem. These systems are respectively arranged in the "Three Cabins and One Section" shenzhou spaceship, and cooperate with each other to complete a space trip. The following parts are introduced respectively:

I. Orbital module (2.8m long and 2.2m in diameter)

Shenzhou spaceship's orbital module is cylindrical. In order to make the orbital module get power when flying alone, solar cell wings are installed on both sides of the orbital module, and the area of each solar cell wing is 2.0×3.4 meters except triangle. When the orbital module flies freely, it can provide more than 0.5 kW of power. There are four groups of small propulsion engines at the tail of the orbital module, four in each group, which provide the spacecraft with auxiliary thrust and the ability to maintain orbital motion after the orbital module is separated; There is a circular hatch on the side of the orbital module near the return module, which provides a passage for astronauts to enter and leave the orbital module. However, the maximum diameter of the hatch is only 65 cm, and only agile and specially trained people can enter and exit freely. There is an observation window of the orbital module above the hatch.

The orbital module is the place where astronauts work and live after the spacecraft enters orbit. In addition to food, drinking water, urinals and other living devices, there are instruments and equipment for space applications and scientific experiments.

After the return module returns, the orbital module is equivalent to an Earth observation satellite or a space laboratory, and it will stay in orbit for about half a year. The utilization of orbital module is a major feature of China spacecraft. After the orbital module and the return module of Russian and American spacecraft are separated, they are generally abandoned.

Two, the return cabin (2.00 meters long, 2.40 meters in diameter, not including the heat protection layer)

Shenzhou spaceship's return capsule is bell-shaped, with doors communicating with the orbital module. Put it back in the command and control center of the spacecraft in the cabin, there are seats for three astronauts to recline, and astronauts can sit in the take-off, ascent and return stages. Below the front of the seat is the instrument panel, manual joystick and optical sight. , showing the mechanical equipment status of the last system on the spacecraft. Astronauts use these instruments to monitor and control the work of the mechanical equipment on the spacecraft when necessary. Both the orbital module and the return module are closed cabins, with environmental control and life support systems to ensure that the cabin is filled with mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a suitable range for human body, so as to ensure the life safety of astronauts during the whole flight mission.

In addition, two parachutes, the main parachute and the standby parachute, are installed in the cabin for landing. There are two circular windows on the side wall of the shenzhou spaceship return capsule, one for astronauts to observe the scene outside the window, and the other for astronauts to operate the optical sight to observe the spacecraft driving on the ground. The base of the return capsule is a metal frame sealed structure, on which the instruments and equipment of the return capsule are installed. The base is light and strong, which protects the return capsule from being burned by the hot atmosphere when it returns to the ground and enters the atmosphere.

3. Propulsion cabin (length 3.05m, diameter 2.50m, bottom diameter 2.80m)

Shenzhou's propulsion cabin, also known as the equipment cabin, is cylindrical and contains the engine and propellant of the propulsion system, which provides the spacecraft with the power needed for attitude and orbit adjustment, braking and deceleration, as well as some equipment of power supply, environmental control and communication system. There are a pair of solar wings on both sides, and the area of the solar wings is 2.0×7.5 meters except the triangular part. Together with the battery wing of the front orbital module, the power generated will be three times that of Soyuz, exceeding 1.5 kW on average, which is almost equivalent to the power provided by the power supply of Fukang AX New Wave Automobile. In addition to providing a lot of power, these battery wings can also rotate around the connection point, so that no matter how the spacecraft moves, it can always maintain the best direction to obtain the maximum power, eliminating a lot of maneuvers of "leaning toward the sun", so that the spacecraft can keep observing the earth while ensuring that the solar array faces the sun.

At the back of the equipment cabin is the propulsion system of the spacecraft. The main propulsion system consists of four large main engines, which are located at the bottom center of the propulsion cabin. Four pairs of small thrusters for attitude correction are arranged around the side skirts of the propulsion cabin, saying that they are smaller than the main thrusters and much larger than other auxiliary thrusters. In addition, there is a small auxiliary propeller outside the propulsion cabin skirt.

Four. Additional paragraph

The additional segment, also known as the transition segment, is used to prepare for future rendezvous and docking with another spacecraft or space station. Before manned flight and rendezvous and docking, it can also install various instruments for space exploration.

At this stage, there is no official introduction to the equipment of the additional section, but some people in the industry have made bold speculations. For example, one of the half-ring devices should be used to install square instruments. And three mutually perpendicular and extendable probes of 0.4m are considered as a part of navigation system or docking system. Because the Apollo spacecraft in the United States also has a similar device for docking. Russian docking system may be installed at the front end of shenzhou spaceship orbital module. However, these devices may only be experimental, and will definitely be replaced by new docking systems when docking with the space station in the future.

Attachment: Time and place of launch and recovery of Shenzhou-1:

Shenzhou I

Time:1999165438+1online at 6: 00 on October 20th, 2 1 resumed.

Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Recycling location: Central Inner Mongolia

Shenzhou II

Time: 200 1 year 1 day 1 day for launch and 1 day for recovery.

Venue: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Recycling location: Central Inner Mongolia

Shenzhou III

Time: it was launched at 22: 00 on March 25th, 2002, and resumed on April 1.

Venue: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Recycling location: Central Inner Mongolia

Shenzhou IV

Time: 0: 00 on February 30th, 2002, and recycled on October 5th, 2003.

Venue: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Recycling location: Central Inner Mongolia

Shenzhou v

Time: June 65438+1October 05 at 9: 00 sharp, and resumed after 2 1 hour.

Venue: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Recycling location: Siziwangqi, Central Inner Mongolia

Shenzhou VI

Time: June 65438+1October 65438+February 9: 00 sharp launch,1/kloc-0 resumed after 5 hours and 33 minutes.

Venue: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Recycling location: Siziwangqi, Central Inner Mongolia

Shenzhou vii

"Shenzhou 7" equipment

Spacesuit, backpack, astronaut: ensure spacewalk.

The second and subsequent third steps of China's manned space program include conducting experiments on astronauts' extravehicular activities, conducting rendezvous and docking in space, and launching a short-term manned space laboratory. Experts explained that the experiment of astronauts' extravehicular activity was that astronauts came out of the sealed cabin of the new "Shenzhou" spacecraft for spacewalking. Since 1965, the former Soviet astronauts left the "Ascension 2" spacecraft and stayed in space for 24 minutes, so far, the astronauts of the United States and Russia have carried out nearly 250 extravehicular activities, and the cumulative time of extravehicular activities has reached 1000 hours.

"The purpose of astronauts' spacewalk is to repair, load and unload, replace and recycle spacecraft and spacecraft external equipment. Experts say that "Shenzhou VII" will have several necessary conditions for astronauts to walk in space. First of all, it will provide the environment and conditions for astronauts to live and work outside the cabin, the most important of which is the extravehicular spacesuit, which has many functions such as meteor prevention, vacuum heat insulation and shielding, air tightness, pressure maintenance, ventilation and temperature regulation. The gloves of the spacesuit are both sealed and elastic, and the helmet is transparent and sealed. Secondly, the extravehicular backpack has a control system and a communication system, and the control system is equipped with a jet device, so that the astronauts can control the walking direction. It is reported that space suits and backpacks are complex in structure, technically difficult and expensive. A set of spacesuits produced in the United States is about $65,438 +0.5 million. Third, of course, there must be astronauts with skilled technical operation, good health and stable psychological quality.

"magic" design

All kinds of requirements are higher than "Shenzhou VI"

At the time of "Shenzhou 5", China's manned space flight was only an assessment of a person going into space one day. At that time, Yang Liwei only stayed in the return module, and the door of the orbital module was closed. Although "Shenzhou VI" is almost the same as "Shenzhou V" in appearance, the difference is that two astronauts will enter the orbital module from the return module and engage in multi-person and multi-day space flight procedures. Experts made an image metaphor, "Two astronauts are active in' one room, one living room'. On Shenzhou VII, astronauts should not only move in the "one room, one living room", but also walk out of the "living room" and the window on the side of the orbital module.

According to reports, "Shenzhou VII" has higher requirements for astronauts' life support system, extravehicular equipment and structural air tightness, so "Shenzhou VII" will be obviously different from "Shenzhou VI" in appearance, and related systems will also be changed, especially the orbital module.

Usually, after the spacecraft is launched into space, astronauts will make adaptive preparations in the airlock room for 2-3 hours before leaving the cabin. They will wear extravehicular spacesuits, carry backpacks and carry supplies in the airlock. The spacesuit worn by astronauts who walk in space is huge, and the weight on the ground reaches 125 kg, which is not as easy as wearing a hat on the ground. It can only be put on with the help of other astronauts. "So, there will be at least two astronauts on Shenzhou VII, so that we can cooperate with each other. As for how many people will leave the cabin, it is uncertain. It is estimated that a person walks in space. "

"magic" training

The astronauts simulated weightlessness in the pool.

It is reported that the spacewalk during Shenzhou VII requires higher assessment of astronauts. Because the pressure in the spacesuit is lower than normal, it may release nitrogen in human tissues and form air embolism in blood vessels, leading to decompression sickness and even endangering people's lives. Therefore, after the astronauts put on the spacesuit, they must fully absorb the oxygen in the airlock, assist the working astronauts to return to the inner cabin (that is, the orbital module), close the inner door, and then the airlock begins to decompress to vacuum, which is consistent with the vacuum state outside the spacecraft. At this time, the astronauts can leave the cabin. When returning to the cabin after completing the mission of leaving the cabin, it is necessary to decompress the spacesuit to a certain extent, and then inflate the airlock.

"Astronaut extravehicular activity is a difficult and high-risk activity." According to experts, the spacewalk of Shenzhou VII requires astronauts to do full experiments and training on the ground, and the ground training is generally carried out in a neutral pool with certain requirements for specific gravity. This kind of pool is usually built in a large test room. There is a spaceship in the pool, which uses the buoyancy of water to simulate the weightlessness in space. Then the astronauts trained in the pool for entry and exit operations.

"Shenzhou VII" launch

It is unlikely to be launched next year, and the next step is rendezvous and docking.

The mysterious spacewalk is full of expectations. When will Shenzhou VII be launched? "Shenzhou VII is unlikely to be launched next year, but related work is already in progress. After the spacewalk, the next step will be rendezvous and docking (that is, the precise docking of two aircrafts in space), which is the most important and key basic technology in manned space flight. Rendezvous and docking is to realize the exchange of personnel and materials (scientific instruments, daily necessities, garbage, etc.). The docking activity will be carried out in an excellent sealed channel, so the shape of the spacecraft after Shenzhou VII will change. Respondents: xuexukun20 10 | Level 1 | 2010-3-1521:19.

Shenzhou 5 data

On June 65438+10/October 65438+May 9, 2003, China successfully launched its first manned spacecraft-Shenzhou 5! The 2 1 hour 23-minute space trip marks that China has become the third country in the world to independently carry out manned space activities after the former Soviet Union, Russia and the United States.

At this moment, it has been 3 years and 329 days since the launch of China's first experimental spacecraft, and only 1 1 year and 25 days since the establishment of China's manned spaceflight project. Before launching manned spacecraft, the former Soviet Union conducted five unmanned spacecraft launch tests and the United States conducted eight unmanned spacecraft launch tests. After four flight tests, shenzhou spaceship of China successfully sent a man into space. Respondents: Datouying 34 | Level 2 | 2010-3-1521:31.

The total length of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft is 8.86 meters, with a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters and a total weight of 7,790 kilograms. In terms of configuration, it consists of orbital module, return module, propulsion module and an additional part. It adopts a typical "three cabins and one section" structure. The whole spacecraft can be divided into 13 different subsystems by function. This 13 subsystem is named after its functions, namely: payload, structure and mechanism, thermal control, guidance navigation and control, propulsion, power supply, data management, measurement and control and communication, environmental control and life support, crew, recovery and landing, instrument and lighting and emergency rescue subsystem. These systems are respectively arranged in the "Three Cabins and One Section" shenzhou spaceship, and cooperate with each other to complete a space trip. Respondents: Cai Yao Mengdie | Level 2 | 2010-3-1617:19.

Shenzhou Spaceship

Shenzhou spaceship is a satellite spacecraft developed by China. The spacecraft consists of propulsion module, return module, orbital module and additional parts, with a total length of 8.86 meters and a total weight of 7790 kilograms. Shenzhou rocket was sent into low orbit by Long March 2F rocket.

structure

Propulsion module

The propulsion cabin of the spacecraft is located at the tail of the spacecraft, and its shape is cylindrical. It is equipped with four main engines and translation engines, and more than 20 square meters of main solar arrays are installed on both sides. The propulsion module is mainly used for attitude control, orbit change and braking of spacecraft.

re-entry module

The spacecraft's return capsule is located in the middle of the spacecraft, with a large blunt inverted cone, a diameter of 2.5 meters and a space of about 6 cubic meters, which can accommodate three astronauts. It is the spacecraft with the largest available space in the world at present. The shape of the spacecraft's return capsule is designed according to some lifting body, and the spacecraft adopts lift reentry mode. The spacecraft adopts the dome parachute recovery scheme, and the parachute area is1200m2, making it the largest parachute in the world.

Orbital module

The orbital module of the spacecraft is located at the front end of the spacecraft, which is cylindrical, with cone angles at both ends, and [solar cell] array, solar sensor, antenna and docking mechanism are installed at both sides. Orbital module is the living module, test module and cargo module of astronauts during their in-orbit flight. The orbital module has the ability to keep the orbit and can work continuously in orbit for more than half a year. The orbital module launched last time can rendezvous and dock with the next spacecraft, which saves the number of rendezvous and docking launches and reduces the overall cost of manned space program. The additional segment of the spacecraft is mainly used for the rendezvous and docking of the spacecraft, and it is generally decided whether the additional segment is needed according to the mission content. Respondent: Zhongying Street Grade II | Grade II | 20 10-3- 17 20:46

Shenzhou spaceship is a satellite spacecraft developed by People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC). The spacecraft consists of propulsion module, return module, orbital module and additional parts, with a total length of 8.86 meters and a total weight of 7790 kilograms.

The orbital module of the spacecraft is located at the front end of the spacecraft, which is cylindrical, with cone angles at both ends, and solar cell arrays, solar sensors, antennas and docking mechanisms are installed on both sides. Orbital module is the living module, test module and cargo module of astronauts during their in-orbit flight. The orbital module has the ability to keep the orbit and can work continuously in orbit for more than half a year. The orbital module launched last time can rendezvous and dock with the next spacecraft, which saves the number of rendezvous and docking launches and reduces the overall cost of manned space program.

The spacecraft's return capsule is located in the middle of the spacecraft, with a large blunt inverted cone, a diameter of 2.5 meters and a space of about 6 cubic meters, which can accommodate three astronauts. It is the spacecraft with the largest available space in the world at present.

The propulsion cabin of the spacecraft is located at the tail of the spacecraft, and its shape is cylindrical. It is equipped with four main engines and translation engines, and more than 20 square meters of main solar arrays are installed on both sides. The propulsion module is mainly used for attitude control, orbit change and braking of spacecraft.

The shape of the spacecraft's return capsule is designed according to some lifting body, and the spacecraft adopts lift reentry mode. The spacecraft adopts the dome parachute recovery scheme, and the parachute area is1200m2, making it the largest parachute in the world.