Cymbidium cultivation methods

Flower World Network teaches you how to cultivate cymbidium orchids.

Temperature: The suitable growth temperature is 10℃ to 30℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is preferably above 8℃.

Lighting: The optimal light intensity for growth is between 15,000 and 40,000 lux, and the maximum light intensity is preferably less than 70,000 lux.

Air humidity: Very fond of humidity, but pay attention to ventilation, otherwise it is easy to get anthracnose. The humidity of small seedlings should be 80% to 90%, and the humidity of medium and large seedlings should be 60% to 85%.

Fat and water:

1. Fertilization

The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium during the growth period is 1:1:1, the ratio during the flowering period is 1:2:2 to 3, and the pH value of the fertilizer solution is 5.8 to 6.2.

Generally speaking, the fertilizer concentration for small seedlings is 3500 to 4000 times, for medium and large seedlings 2000 to 3500 times, 1 to 2 times/day in summer (alternating application of water and fertilizer), and in other seasons, fertilizer is usually applied once every 3 days.

Organic fertilizer: Apply organic fertilizer once a month from the time the tissue culture seedlings emerge from the bottle to before they bloom. The ratio of bean cake: bone meal during the growth period is 2:1, and pure bone meal is used during the flowering period. Organic fertilizer cannot be applied to the roots. If the bone meal contains too much salt, it can be rinsed with water before application. It is best to stop applying organic fertilizers in winter. The application amount at different periods is as follows:

8 cm × 8 cm nutrient bowl: 1 to 2 grams/pot

12 cm × 12 cm nutrient bowl: 7 to 9 grams/pot

15 cm × 18 cm nutrient bowl: 12 to 15 grams/pot

18 cm × 22 cm flower pot: 15 to 20 grams/pot

Long-term and slow-acting Release fertilizer: Long-acting slow-release fertilizer is also widely used on Cymbidium orchid. The model of N:P:K=13:11:13 is usually used, and the validity period is 3 months or 6 months. Slow-release fertilizer will only start to release nutrients one month after it is applied, so a supply of fertilizer must be ensured within this month. The dosage of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is generally 2 to 3 grams for small seedlings, 6 grams for medium seedlings, and 18 grams for large seedlings. No wait.

2． Watering

Sprinkler irrigation is usually used in production, watering once a day in May and September, twice a day from July to August, and once every 2 to 3 days from October to April of the following year. . The frequency of watering can be adjusted at any time depending on the size of the seedlings and weather conditions. Note that cymbidium has very high requirements on water quality, and the electrical conductivity EC must be less than 0.3mS/m.

Facilities:

Cymbidium orchids are generally cultivated in plastic greenhouses or heated greenhouses. For cultivation in plain areas, alpine bases are required for over-summer flowering. At present, Yunnan is the main production area of ??cymbidium in China. Plastic greenhouses are generally used. They need to be heated in winter. When the temperature rises in summer, the plastic film of the greenhouse must be removed and replaced with a shade net.

Arched Cymbidium: Jasper C.Lunagrad 'Eternal Green' Cymbidium variety photography Wang Siqing

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Cultivation technology

Cultivation medium: Sphagnum moss is used in a 50-hole plug tray. The blooming cymbidium orchid needs to be soaked with 800 to 1000 times of thiophanate methyl, sulfide or carbendazim for 2 to 4 hours, and the old sphagnum moss is exposed to the sun for 1 hour. Dip medicine can also be used after 2 noon. Tissue culture rooting seedlings: Bring the bottle to the greenhouse for 1 to 3 days. In summer, the seedlings must be placed in a cool place for hardening. Before packaging, take the seedlings out of the tissue culture bottle, remove the culture medium, wash them with clean water, and then incubate them with 800 times carbendazim. Wash the seedlings in the solution, and divide the seedlings into three levels: large, medium and small. Use 50-hole plug trays. Fertilizer can be sprayed on the leaves half a month after the plug trays are installed. The EC value is 0.8 to 0.9. Frequent spraying is required within 15 days after the plug trays are installed. And replenish water frequently, and use NPK 20:20:20 as foliar fertilizer. After the plug seedlings have been cultivated for 2 to 3 months, they can be placed in an 8×8 nutrient bowl. At this time, fine bark can be used as the substrate. Bark application standards: use 2 to 5 mm of bark for seedlings, 5 to 10 mm for medium seedlings, and 8 to 18 mm for large seedlings.

Seedlings: annual seedlings in 8×8 and 12×12 nutrient pots, generally leaving no lateral buds. One-year seedlings: The seedlings that have grown for about one year are moved to a large pot (with an inner diameter of 15 or 18 cm). Generally, 2 bulbs are left per seedling. The best effect is to keep them symmetrically. The other side buds are peeled off by hand. It is most appropriate to thin the buds when they grow to 5 cm. Because the lateral buds have no roots before they are 15 centimeters long, and they begin to take root after 15 centimeters long, different varieties use different methods of retaining buds, and some leave one bulb per seedling.

Two-year seedlings: refers to seedlings that have grown for more than 24 months and do not need to be repotted. At this stage, seedlings should be fertilized with 15 grams of organic fertilizer per pot every month. As the seedlings grow, use 18 to 20 grams per pot every month. After changing the pot for 12 months, only apply bone meal, and continue to thin the buds before October. The number of sun buds (flowering bulbs) to be left needs to be determined from April to January. Generally, for large flowers: 2 sun buds/pot can be left, and 3-4 branches/pot can bloom in the future; for medium-sized flowers: 2-3 sun buds/pot can be left. Pot, 4-6 branches are expected to bloom in the future. In winter, it is enough to ensure that the night temperature is not lower than 5℃.

Cultivation of flowering strains: (three years) in spring, from March to June, the night temperature is 15°C to 20°C, and the day temperature is 23°C to 25°C. From June to October, the night temperature is 15°C to 20°C, and the day temperature is 20°C to 25°C; after November, the night temperature is 10°C to 15°C, and the day temperature is 20°C. Apply 10 grams of organic fertilizer per pot (bean cake: bone meal 2:1) every month from February to April, and apply 14 grams of organic fertilizer per pot each time after April.

The temperature difference is increased from June to October, and cultivators on flat land generally have to go up to the mountains to cultivate. During this period, bone meal is mainly applied, about 15 grams per pot. After the flower buds appear, stop organic fertilizer immediately. After November, the flower spikes will form, and all the flower arrows will be wiped off after the flower buds appear. New buds will appear, and flower buds will be visible in most varieties from September to the end of October. If leaf buds appear, they should be removed. The flower arrows use 5 mm diameter wrapped iron wire as a support and stand up when the flower buds grow to 15 cm. The lowest part of the flower arrows is 10 cm, and the distance is 6 to 8 cm. The length of the pillars is generally 80 cm and 100 cm.

Key technologies for flowering period control:

1. Temperature: June to October, 20°C to 25°C during the day and 15°C to 20°C at night. High temperatures above 30°C are not conducive to flower bud differentiation and development. They can tolerate short-term high temperatures and must have a large temperature difference between day and night.

2． Light: Stronger light can increase the flowering rate, but too strong light will cause the death of young flower buds. It is generally controlled below 60,000 lux.

3. Water control: Proper water control during flower bud development can promote flower bud differentiation and inflorescence formation.

4. C/N ratio: Apply buds throughout the year and increase the P and K ratio to increase the C/N ratio in the plant.

5. Selective fertilization: From January to June, balance N P and K fertilizer; from June to October, increase the proportion of P and K

6. Cymbidium flowers: Insufficient nutrients during the flowering period or high temperatures or temperature differences greater than 10°C can easily cause flowers to fall. Dark-colored flowers prefer strong light, and low temperatures can cause the flowers to turn black or brown.

7. Flowering in high mountains above 800-1000 meters above sea level: It is not afraid of rain and can be cultivated in the open field. You only need to temporarily build a layer of about 50% of the sunshade net. Under high temperatures, cymbidiums require a lot of water, so sufficient water sources must be prepared.

Water quality also requires conductivity less than 0.3mS/m.