How big is the grassland area in Africa?

Africa has vast grasslands, accounting for 27% of Africa's total area.

Africa is short for Africa. The Greek word "Africa" means scorching sun. The equator runs through central Africa, and three-quarters of Africa is vertically illuminated by the sun. The tropical region with an average annual temperature above 20 degrees Celsius accounts for 95% of the mainland area, and more than half of it is hot all year round, so it is called "Africa".

Location: Located in the southwest of the old hemisphere, it spans the north and south of the equator, and some parts of the northwest extend to the western hemisphere. It borders the Indian Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Europe across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar in the north, and Asia in the northeast corner with the narrow Red Sea and Suez Canal.

Scope: the mainland reaches Cape Hafeng (5124' e,10 27' n) in the east, Cape Agus (20 02' E, 34 51's) in the south and Cape Verde (17) in the west.

Area: about 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). It accounts for about 20.2% of the world's total land area and is the second largest continent in the world, second only to Asia.

Luxor on the Nile, blue waves rippling.

Resident: Population: 748 million. It accounts for 12.9% of the world population, ranking second in the world after Asia. Africa's birth rate, mortality rate and growth rate are among the highest in the world. The population distribution is extremely unbalanced, with about 65,438+0,000 people per square kilometer along the Nile and the Delta. Sahara, Namib, Kalahadi and other deserts and some arid grasslands and semi-desert areas are less than 1 person per square kilometer. There are also large areas of no man's land. Race: Africa is the most complex region in the world. Most ethnic groups in Africa belong to black people, and the rest belong to white people and yellow people.

Language: There are about 800 African languages. Generally divided into four language families.

Religion: African residents mostly believe in primitive religion and Islam, while a few believe in Catholicism and Christianity.

Physical geography: The coastline of the mainland is as long as 30,500 kilometers. The coast is relatively flat and lacks bays and peninsulas. Among the continents in the world, Africa has the least number of islands. Most of them are small islands except Madagascar (the fourth largest island in the world). The total area of the island is about 620,000 square kilometers, accounting for less than 3% of the total area of the whole continent. The African continent is wide in the north and narrow in the south, showing an equilateral triangle. The longest from north to south is about 8,000 kilometers, and the widest from east to west is about 7,500 kilometers. Africa is a plateau continent with relatively flat terrain, and the obvious mountains are limited to the north and south ends. The average elevation of the whole continent is 750 meters. The plateau with an altitude of 500 1000 meters accounts for more than 60% of the whole continent. Mountains and plateaus above 2000 meters above sea level account for about 5% of the whole continent. The plains below 200 meters above sea level are mostly distributed in coastal areas. The terrain is roughly bounded by the line from the mouth of Congo River in Democratic Republic of Congo to the northern edge of Ethiopian Plateau, which is higher in the southeast half and lower in the northwest half. The southeast half is called High Africa, with an altitude of 1000m or above, including the Ethiopian Plateau (above 2,000m, known as the "roof of Africa"), the East African Plateau and the South African Plateau, and the Kalahadi Basin on the South African Plateau. The northwest half is called low Africa, and the altitude is mostly below 500 meters. Most of them are low plateaus and basins, including the upper Nile basin, Congo basin and Chad basin. The higher mountains in Africa stand in the coastal areas of the plateau, with Atlas Mountain in the northwest coast. There are Draken Mountains along the southeast coast; There are Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro in the east. Kilimanjaro is an active volcano with an altitude of 5895 meters, which is the highest peak in Africa. East Africa has the largest rift zone in the world. The eastern branch of the rift zone starts from the Schiller estuary in the south, passes through Lake Malawi, passes through the Central East African Plateau and the Central Ethiopia Plateau in the north, and passes through the Red Sea to the north of the Dead Sea, with a length of about 6,400 kilometers. The west branch of the rift zone starts from the northwest end of Lake Malawi in the south, passes through Lake Tanganyika, Lake Kivu, Lake Edward and Lake Albert, and reaches the Nile Valley in Albert. It is about 1.700 km long and tens to 300 km wide, forming a series of long, narrow and deep valleys and lakes, among which the water level of Assal Lake is lower than the sea level 1.56 m, which is the lowest point in Africa. The desert area in Africa accounts for about 1/3 of the whole continent, which is the largest desert area in the continent. Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, covering an area of 7.77 million square kilometers. There are also namib desert and Kalahadi Desert in the southwest. There are a series of extinct and active volcanoes in and around the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, among which the tall volcano is more than 5000 meters above sea level. There are also many tall volcanoes in central and western Africa. The Rift Valley in East Africa is also the region with the most frequent and intense earthquakes in Africa. The outflow area of Africa accounts for about 68.2% of the whole continent. The outflow systems of the Atlantic Ocean are mostly rivers with a long history, including Nile, Congo, Niger, senegal river, volta river and Orange. With a total length of 66,765,438+0 km, the Nile is the longest river in the world. The basin area and flow of Congo River are second only to Amazon River, ranking second in the world. The outflow system of Indian Ocean includes Zambezi River, limpopo river River, Juba River, short rivers on the east coast of Africa and rivers on Madagascar Island. Africa's internal water system and no-flow zone covers an area of 9.58 million square kilometers, accounting for about 3 1.8% of the total area of the whole continent. Among them, only Lake Chad basin has a perfect water system. Okavango River basin and Sahara desert are very dry, and there are many intermittent rivers and many dry valleys in the desert. The inflow area also includes the lake area of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, and rivers flow into the lake from the surrounding highlands. The lake area has abundant rainfall and dense river network, which is different from other arid inflow areas. African lakes are concentrated in the East African Plateau, and a few are scattered in inland basins. Plateau lakes are mostly fault lakes with long and narrow water depth, which are arranged in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa in a beaded shape, among which Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake in the world. Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest lake in the world. 10f2 tana lake is located in the Ethiopian plateau and is the highest lake in Africa, with an altitude of 1830m. Lake Chad is the largest lake in the inland basin, and its area often changes. Africa is called "tropical continent", and its climate is characterized by high temperature, little rain and dryness, and the distribution of climate zones is symmetrical from north to south. The equator passes through the center, and with the increase of latitude, the climate generally decreases from the equator. The areas with an annual average temperature above 20℃ account for about 95% of the whole continent, of which more than half are hot all year round, and nearly half have warm and cool seasons. The annual average temperature in Daluoer in the northeast of Ethiopia is 34.5℃, which is one of the highest temperatures in the world. In Azizia, south of Tripoli, the Libyan capital, the temperature in September 1922 was as high as 57.8℃, the highest temperature in Africa. Kilimanjaro is located near the equator. Due to its high altitude, Kilimanjaro is covered with snow all year round. The precipitation in Africa decreases from the equator to the north and south sides, and the distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven. In some areas, there is almost no rain all year round, and in some places, the annual precipitation is as high as 10000 mm or more. The average annual precipitation in the whole continent13 is less than 200mm. There is more precipitation on the windward slope in the southeast, along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and in mountainous areas.

Natural resources: There are many kinds of proven mineral resources in Africa with large reserves. Rich in oil and natural gas; Iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, phosphate and other reserves are very large; Gold and diamonds have a long reputation; The discovery of uranium veins has attracted worldwide attention. The reserves of many minerals are among the highest in the world. There are at least 40,000 species of plants in Africa. The forest area accounts for 265,438+0% of the total area of Africa. Rich in mahogany, ebony, rosewood, Keba, ebony, Cinnamomum camphora, Castanopsis fargesii, walnut, lacquer wood, Quercus variabilis and other economic trees. The grassland is vast, accounting for 27% of Africa's total area, ranking first in all continents. The exploitable hydraulic resources are abundant. The coast is rich in sardines, tuna, mackerel and whales.

Economy: Industrial Africa is the continent with the lowest level of economic development in the world. Most countries are economically backward. Mining and light industry are the main sectors of African industry. The output of gold, diamond, iron, manganese, apatite, bauxite, copper, uranium, tin and oil all occupy an important position in the world. Light industry is mainly the processing and textile of agricultural and livestock products. The timber industry has a certain foundation, and there are many timber factories. Heavy industry includes metallurgy, machinery, metal processing, chemistry and cement, marble mining, diamond grinding, rubber products and other departments. Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of African countries and is the economic pillar of most countries. There are many kinds of food crops in Africa, such as wheat, rice, corn, millet, sorghum and potatoes. , as well as cassava, banana, date palm, potato taro, edible banana and so on. Africa's cash crops, especially tropical cash crops, occupy an important position in the world, with high yields of cotton, sisal, peanuts, oil palm, cashew nuts, sesame, coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, tobacco leaves, natural rubber and cloves. Frankincense, myrrh, Calit fruit, coral and alfalfa are unique crops in Africa. Animal husbandry has developed rapidly, with a large number of livestock, but the commodity rate of livestock products is low and the management is extensive and backward. Fishery resources are abundant, but fishery production is still in the stage of manual operation, and freshwater fishery has developed rapidly in recent years. Africa is a relatively backward continent in the world transportation industry, and has not yet formed a complete transportation system. Most traffic lines extend from coastal ports to inland, isolated from each other. The mode of transportation is mainly highway, and there are other modes such as railway and sea transportation. The Republic of South Africa, Maghreb and other regions are relatively developed areas in Africa. Sahara, Kalahadi and other areas are blank areas without modern communication lines. At present, there are about 1.3 thousand kilometers of roads and 78 thousand kilometers of railways in Africa. Inland navigation mileage is about 52,000 kilometers. The maritime industry occupies an important position. The aviation industry has developed rapidly.

Country: At present, there are 56 countries and regions in Africa. Geographically, Africa is traditionally divided into five regions: North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. North Africa usually includes Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Azores and Madeira. East Africa usually includes Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Seychelles. West Africa usually includes Mauritania, Western Sahara, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Liberia, C? te d 'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and the Canary Islands. Central Africa usually includes Chad, Central Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and Sao Tome and Principe. South Africa usually includes Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, reunion island and St. Helena.

Africa is the second largest continent in the world. It is shaped like a huge equilateral triangle, narrow in the south and wide in the north, surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. There are not many coastal islands, the largest of which is Madagascar. On the 30.29 million square kilometers of land in Africa, there are about 700 million residents of different colors, including blacks, whites and yellow people, among whom blacks account for about two-thirds of the total population. There are more than 700 nationalities and tribes in Africa. Their language is very complicated, including about 1500 dialects.

The full name of Africa is "Africa". "Africa" means "scorching sun" in Latin, "West Indies" in Sanskrit and "Land of Rich Fruits" in Phoenician. Africa is generally a plateau with little ups and downs. The equator crosses the central part of the mainland, and the average annual temperature in three-quarters of the area is above 20 degrees Celsius, and it is almost summer all year round, so it is called "tropical continent". The Sahara desert in northern Africa covers an area of 9.45 million square kilometers, accounting for about one third of the total area of the African continent, and is the largest desert in the world. The Nile is the largest river in Africa and the longest river in the world. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea from south to north, with a total length of more than 6,600 kilometers. The Nile valley is one of the cradles of ancient civilizations in the world. Mount Kilimanjaro is located at the junction of Kenya and Tanzania, with an altitude of 5895 meters. It is the highest mountain in Africa, and the top of it is covered with snow all year round. Known as "Snow White on the Equator". The Great Rift Valley in East Africa is more than 6,400 kilometers long and runs through the east of Africa. It is the largest fault depression zone in the world. Lake Victoria embedded in the East African Plateau is the second largest freshwater lake in the world with beautiful scenery.

Africa is rich in mineral, hydropower, agriculture and forestry resources. Africa is not short of the 50 most important minerals in the world, among which at least 17 minerals rank first in the world. According to the latest international mining statistics, Africa's mineral reserves such as platinum, manganese, chromium, ruthenium and iridium account for more than 80% of the world's total reserves, phosphate, palladium, gold, diamonds, germanium, cobalt and vanadium account for more than half, and uranium, tantalum, cesium, bauxite, fluorite, zirconium, graphite and hafnium also account for more than 30%. The Sahara Desert, known as the "barren land", is a huge energy treasure house, and there is a large amount of exploitable oil underground. Neighboring Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Nigeria are all important oil exporters, and the average daily oil production in Libya is as high as 6.5438+0.5 million barrels. South Africa is the world's largest producer and exporter of gold, which has produced more than 40,000 tons of gold so far, accounting for two-fifths of the total gold output in human history. Zambia has more than 900 million tons of copper reserves, accounting for about 15% of the world's reserves, with an average annual copper production of about 360,000 tons, and is known as the "country of copper mines".

Africa is rich in agricultural products such as cocoa, coffee, cotton, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, cassava and palm oil. 1994 cocoa production reached1310.6 million tons, accounting for more than half of the world's total output. C? te d 'Ivoire, the world's first cocoa producer and exporter, produced 850,000 tons of cocoa last year, accounting for more than one third of the world's total output. 194 Africa's coffee production was10.22 million tons, accounting for about 17% of the world market. Palm oil production reached 2.003 million tons, accounting for about 70% of the world's total output. Egypt's long-fiber cotton is famous for its high yield and good quality, with an annual output of over 900,000 bales.

Africa has a vast territory, rich resources and hardworking people. However, Africa suffered 500 years of colonial rule, and the invasion, exploitation and plunder of imperialism and colonialism made Africa the "poorest continent" in the world. According to United Nations statistics, among the 48 least developed countries in the world, 33 are African countries; Among the 53 countries in Africa, the least developed countries account for 62% of the total. Although Africa is currently facing various challenges, it is still a "promising continent".

Brilliant ancient African civilization

Cairo was built in Saladin Castle in12nd century.

Africa is a continent in the history of human evolution, from ancient apes to forest apes and lamas, "fully formed people"-homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens and even modern people. Anthropologists found the earliest "fully formed human" fossils in Africa. These findings led anthropologists, including Darwin, the founder of evolution theory, to conclude that Africa is the birthplace of mankind.

Archaeological data prove that people of all ethnic groups in Africa created and developed splendid ancient civilizations very early. In ancient times, when the hometown of western colonists was still in the stage of glacier freezing, there was already boiling life on the African continent. At that time, the Nile valley was still an uninhabitable swamp, but now the barren Sahara desert is a forest and grassland with rivers. About 1 10,000 years ago, the climate in North Africa changed dramatically, and the prairie gradually dried up and became a desert.

The Nile valley is one of the cradles of ancient civilizations in the world. Egypt in the lower Nile is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. As early as 5000 BC, agriculture appeared in Egypt, knowing how to grow grain and build water conservancy projects. The Egyptians developed astronomy very early. As early as 42,465,438+0 BC, the Egyptians formulated a fairly accurate solar calendar. The Gregorian calendar has 365 days in a year, which is divided into three seasons, one for four months, 30 days per month, and the last month plus five days is a religious festival. The annual error between it and the tropic year is only about a quarter of a day. Ancient Egypt created hieroglyphics in the 35th century BC, and in the 9th century BC/kloc-0, it was known how to calculate the side length of a square and the volume of a truncated pyramid. About 2 1 century BC, the Egyptians were able to almost accurately determine the pi as 3. 16.

African black woodcarving

Ancient Egypt also made great achievements in architecture, sculpture and painting. So far, the magnificent pyramids and the Sphinx standing near Cairo on the Nile are masterpieces of ancient Egypt around the 27th century BC. They are a miracle in the history of human architecture and an immortal monument to the outstanding wisdom and hard work of the working people in ancient Egypt.

In the middle reaches of the Nile, today's Sudan, a Kush empire rose in the 6th century BC/KLOC-0. It developed agriculture, ironmaking and textile industry, and was one of the richest and prosperous countries in the world in ancient times. Its capital, Meroi, is the largest ironmaking center south of the Mediterranean, and is called "Birmingham in ancient Africa" by western archaeologists.

Now northern Ethiopia is an important center of ancient African civilization. The kingdom of aksum, which rose there around the first century A.D., reached a high level of prosperity in the fourth century, and the domestic commodity exchange has developed to the extent of using gold, silver and copper coins. At that time, the characters created at that time were basically still in use. The 60-foot-high aksum Stone Monument and Freedom Rock Church are one of the world-famous historical wonders in Africa.

Berbers who have lived in the Maghreb since ancient times have been engaged in farming and building primitive water conservancy facilities since the end of the Neolithic Age, and bronze wares have been available around 500 BC. The Berbers established two kingdoms, Mauritania and Numidia, in BC, leaving behind a large number of rock paintings and artworks.

Around 2000 BC, sub-Saharan African residents began to develop from hunting and collecting wild plants to domesticating animals and planting crops. More than 250 crops in the world originated in sub-Saharan Africa. 1080

West Africa is the birthplace of most African agriculture. Sorghum, oil palm etc. Are inherent products of West Africa. Some statues and cave murals left by history in the Sahara desert are a portrayal of the pastoral life of West Africans after grazing. Thousands of years before BC, exquisite songkhla sculptures appeared in West Africa. After entering the Iron Age around the 3rd century BC, powerful ancient empires such as Ghana, Mali and Sang Hai appeared successively.

In central and southern Africa, the remains of the Iron Age can be seen everywhere, as well as the remains of ancient terraces and artificial irrigation projects. The ruins of the ancient city of Ngaruka, which has thousands of houses, and the ruins of stone buildings in Greater Zimbabwe, which were built around 500 AD, are symbols of ancient civilizations in Central and South Africa. There have been some famous countries in south-central Africa, such as Monomotapa Kingdom with developed agriculture, mining and foreign trade, Congo Kingdom with high centralization, Kuba Kingdom with high carving level, Buganda Kingdom with developed social division of labor, etc.

The east coast of Africa near the Indian Ocean has been engaged in prosperous trade since ancient times, and iron and salt were traded as early as the era. /kloc-In the first half of the 5th century, the east coast of Africa has developed to the point where envoys can visit China across the ocean.

Africa is not just a place where lions haunt as described by some western scholars, but a continent with a highly developed ancient civilization. Africa has made great contributions to the development of world civilization.

Africa is a rich continent with a long history. However, since the western colonialists invaded Africa in the15th century, more than 400 years of colonial rule have brought profound disasters to the African people. From16th century to19th century, western colonists sold more than 20 million African blacks to the United States as slaves. Most of these slaves died before they lived 15 years. Western powers also seized Africa's land and resources by force, and then carved up Africa completely and established brutal colonial rule. Before the First World War, all countries except Ethiopia and Liberia were colonized by the West on more than 30 million square kilometers of African land. There is a contrast between the killing of African people by colonialists and imperialists and the plundering of African wealth.

The African people waged a long and arduous armed struggle against the invaders and created countless heroic achievements. Before the First World War, many countries in South Africa and East Africa, such as Ethiopia, Madagascar, Ghana, Algeria, Guinea, Mali, Sudan, Kenya and Somalia, had large-scale armed struggles and armed uprisings against the aggressors. After the First World War, the African people rekindled the flame of struggle against imperialism and for independence. The anti-fascist struggle of Abyssinia people in East Africa once shocked the whole world, and Egypt in North Africa also won its independence.

After the end of World War II, the African people's struggle against colonial rule and for national independence flourished and won great victories. At the end of 1950s, the number of independent countries in Africa increased from three before World War II to nine. In the 1960s and 1970s, the African independence movement was in full swing, and the national liberation movements of various countries United, cooperated and supported each other, which enabled the vast majority of African colonies to gain independence one after another. 1990 Namibia's independence and 1994 South Africa's white racist rule collapsed, which marked that all African countries got rid of the shackles of colonialism and racism except a few small islands in the ocean.

The independence of African countries has created conditions for the development and revitalization of the African region, at the same time, it has also strengthened the strength of developing countries and dealt a heavy blow to colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism. At present, African countries are playing an increasingly important role in the world political arena and have become a force that cannot be ignored in promoting world peace and development.

China and Africa are far away from Wan Li and oceans, but the friendly exchanges between China and Africa have a long history of thousands of years.

As early as the second century BC, China's Han Dynasty and Africa began to understand each other and indirectly exchanged their own specialty treasures. It is said that the royal dress worn by Egyptian Queen Cleopatra in the first century BC was made of China silk. Since Zhang Qian opened the "Silk Road" to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, China's gold and silk have been exported to the southern bank of the Mediterranean. China's Tang Dynasty not only started formal direct contact with the Arab Empire which ruled North Africa at that time, but also China people set foot in sub-Saharan Africa. The image of African blacks also began to appear in the culture and art of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the African blacks described by China literati were all superb in skills, brave and witty, and chivalrous. Even Dunhuang murals describe the image of African blacks. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a lot of material exchange with North Africa and the east coast of Africa. Blue and white porcelain and coins of the Tang Dynasty were found in Egypt, Kenya and Zanzibar. The development of navigation in Song Dynasty further developed the exchange of personnel and products between China and Africa. China's products not only appear in the northern and eastern coasts of Africa, but also go deep into Zimbabwean and other inland areas of Africa. In the Song Dynasty, books were also published, such as Zhufanzhi and A Generation Beyond the Ridge, which recorded the customs and geographical products of Africa.

The direct contact between China and Africa was increasing in Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Shizu once sent envoys to Madagascar to "interview different news", and Wang Dayuan, a famous tourist from China, has also been to Zanzibar. Batuta, a Moroccan, one of the four great travelers in the Middle Ages, has also been to Quanzhou, Hangzhou and Guangzhou in the south of China. As early as the14th century, Zhu Siben, a geographer in China in Yuan Dynasty, drew the African continent as a triangle extending to the south, but by the beginning of the15th century, Europeans were still unclear about the direction of the African continent. The late British scientist Joseph Needham praised Zhu Siben's Map of Africa as an "outstanding achievement" in the history of science and technology in China.

The Ming Dynasty was the most important period in the history of ancient exchanges between China and Africa, and friendly relations developed to the exchange of visits between official representatives of both sides. Zheng He, a famous navigator in Ming Dynasty in China, led a fleet of dozens of large ships for many times, carrying a lot of gold, silver, silks and satins and porcelain banknotes, and visited the East African ports around Somalia and Kenya on behalf of the China government. Zhenghetun, a village in northern Somalia, was named to commemorate Zheng He's visit. Several African countries also sent special envoys to visit China. King of Malin State in East Africa (located in present-day Kenya) visited China and died when he arrived in Fuzhou. He was buried in Min County, Fujian Province, and Emperor China awarded him the posthumous title of f 19. 14 15, Ma Linguo directly gave a giraffe named Kirin from China. As a symbol of good omen, it has long been the theme of poetry and painting of China poets and painters. In the Ming Dynasty, precious products such as ivory, rhinoceros horn and amber were imported from Africa, as well as rare birds and animals such as ostriches, zebras and giraffes. As a specialty of China, treasures such as brocade, silk, porcelain and lacquerware also flowed to Africa continuously.

/kloc-Western colonists began to invade Africa in the 5th century, pushing Africa into the darkest colonial period in history. The conquest and partition of Africa by colonialists forced the friendly exchanges between China and Africa to stop. /kloc-After China became a semi-colonial country in the 20th century, the people of Central Africa were not only deprived of the right to communicate with each other by colonialism and imperialism, but also enslaved and exploited by western monopoly capital groups. 19 After the 1980s, western powers forced thousands of China people to go to Africa to build railways, mine and engage in agriculture. The Dakar Railway in West Africa, the Congo Railway and the Rand Gold Mine in South Africa are all permeated with the blood and sweat of a large number of China workers. The same unfortunate experience has closely linked the Chinese and African people.

With the birth of New China and the successive independence of African countries, the people of China and African countries supported each other and became friends through thick and thin. The friendly and cooperative relations between China and Africa have also withstood the test of wind and rain for more than half a century and have been comprehensively developed and consolidated.

In the African people's struggle for national independence, China firmly stood by the African people, fully supported their just struggle against imperialism, colonialism and national independence, and gave them moral and material support, thus contributing to the African people's struggle for national liberation and independence.

African countries and China cooperate closely in international affairs. The vast majority of African countries have given strong support to China on a series of major issues, such as restoring China's legitimate seat in the United Nations, defeating the anti-China proposal on the human rights situation in China and the proposal of Taiwan Province Province's participation in the United Nations, supporting China's accession to the WTO and China's bid for the Olympic Games. China also actively pays attention to and supports peace and development in Africa, supports African countries in establishing the African Union and implementing the New Partnership for Africa's Development, and actively participates in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Africa.

Although the people of China are not rich, they have worked hard to help African countries build various economic and social infrastructures such as factories, farms, water conservancy, energy, transportation, telecommunications, culture, education and health. The Tanzania-Zambia Railway, praised by African people as "the road to freedom", is the largest aid project in China. Since 1963 sent the first medical team to Algeria, China has sent medical personnel to 43 countries in Africa. For a long time, the China government has helped African countries to build 800 complete sets of projects within its capacity, covering infrastructure such as farms, factories, hospitals, schools, power stations, government offices, stadiums and railways.

As of June 5, 2003 to February 38, 2003, China has established diplomatic relations with 46 African countries, and established the political consultation mechanism of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with 24 African countries.

There are frequent high-level exchanges between China and Africa. As early as 1960s, Premier Zhou Enlai visited Africa three times and put forward five principles for developing China-Africa relations and eight principles for foreign aid, which laid a solid foundation for the development of China-Africa relations. During his visit to Africa from 65438 to 0996, President Jiang Zemin put forward five suggestions for building long-term stable and all-round cooperation between China and Africa in the 2/KLOC-0 century, which opened a new chapter in China-Africa friendly relations. Many African heads of state and government have also visited China. These visits have enhanced mutual understanding and traditional friendship between China and Africa, and promoted the development of friendly and cooperative relations between China and Africa.

The ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held from 5 to 38 June 2000+10 adopted the Beijing Declaration of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the Outline of China-Africa Economic and Social Development Cooperation. The meeting set a new milestone for China-Africa friendly cooperation and deepened and expanded China-Africa friendly cooperation within the framework of the forum. From June 5 to February 2003, the second ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The meeting adopted the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation-Addis Ababa Action Plan (2004-2006), which laid down the overall plan for China-Africa cooperation in the next three years.

African way of eating.

In many parts of Africa, you don't need tables, chairs, knives and forks, let alone chopsticks, but grab food with your hands.

When eating, everyone sits around with a lunch box and a vegetable box in the middle. Everyone grabs the edge of the lunch box or vegetable box with his left hand, and grabs the rice and vegetables in front of him with his right finger and sends them to his mouth. At this point, you will be at a loss and even grab a hand full of food, while Africans grab food by themselves and eat it clean. Guests should pay attention not to spill food on the ground when eating, which is a big taboo for the host. After dinner, the younger generation should sit still and wait while the elders are still there. When the child leaves, he must salute and thank his parents. Guests should leave together after the host has finished eating.

In many parts of Africa, there are strict etiquette for eating, and even every part of cattle, sheep, chicken and duck has rules on who should eat. For example, in Mali, men with chicken thighs eat chicken breasts, and older women eat chicken breasts; The person in charge eats chicken neck, stomach and liver; The chicken's head, claws and wings are shared by children. Another example is in Botswana, where guests and men eat beef and married women eat chop suey at large public banquets. Cook and eat the two separately, and don't confuse them. When in Rome, do as the Romans do, you'd better know.