Detailed data collection of sports news (news types)

Sports news (MBTH) reports the recent sports events. Including sports competitions, sports training, school sports and mass sports. Among them, news in sports competitions occupies a major position.

Chinese name: sports news mbth: sports news function: spreading human sports fitness activities, etc. , report content, entertainment, international, emotional, communication misunderstanding, sports, summary Since the third leap-forward development of 1992 China news, China's paper media and electronic media have developed rapidly, and the number of news media has increased rapidly. The phenomenon that can't be ignored is that in any newly developed news media, sports news, as an important news variety, is placed in important pages and time slots of the media. Watching sports news has become a hot spot for ordinary people in China after dinner. Why can sports news develop so rapidly? Of course, this is closely related to the development of China's society, economy and culture since 1990s, especially the development of sports. However, from the perspective of communication, the communication of any information must have its own communication charm, that is, communication characteristics and communication core. What are the basic characteristics of sports news for so many customers now? Understanding and analyzing the basic characteristics of sports news is of positive significance for accurately grasping the operating rules of sports news, making better use of sports news to serve consumers and promoting the development of sports. Conceptually speaking, characteristics refer to the obvious signs and signs that distinguish things from other things. In the process of its occurrence and development, anything may form a distinctive sign different from other things. Judging from the scope of sports news activities, it belongs to journalism and is closely related to sports. Therefore, the characteristics of sports news must be formed in the intersection and interaction between the two. On the basis of adhering to the principle of news, objectively reflecting sports facts and following the law of mass communication, it has gradually formed its own distinctive signs and logos that are different from other news communication activities. The content of the report is the general situation of various sports newspapers, magazines, television, radio, internet and other news media. All sports news reports are mainly about competitive sports. As two famous American sports reporters said in their sports news reports, "sports news reports are not the only content of sports news reports, but they have always been the basis of most sports pages." China sports news researchers also pointed out in the Comparative Study of Sports Reports of Yangcheng Evening News and new york Times that "both newspapers mainly spread competitive sports information in their sports reports, especially the reports of major sports competitions at home and abroad account for a considerable proportion. Competitive sports have become the focus of two newspapers. In order to meet the enthusiasm of more and more people to read competitive sports information, newspaper media regard the report of competitive sports as one of the focuses of their own newspapers. " So, what makes competitive sports take the lead and become the darling of sports news? Examples of sports news First of all, competitive sports are the most newsworthy. Anyone who knows a little about competitive sports and likes to watch it knows that the biggest charm and the most remarkable feature of competitive sports is the uncertainty of competition results. In the competition of competitive sports, whether the two strong teams meet or the strength is relative, the result of the competition may be unexpected and full of suspense. For example, in the "opening match" of the World Cup in Korea and Japan in 2002, France, the last defending champion, met Senegal in Africa. According to the analysis of public opinion and football experts at that time, the French team will undoubtedly win, because it is strong, with Zidane, Henry, the best striker in the Premier League, and Trezeguet, the best striker in Serie A. However, the result of the game is like a goose feather in a sunny day. The final result was that Senegal beat France by 1: 0. As a result, the French team lost momentum and failed to win the group stage. Not only failed to enter the 16 semi-finals, but also was eliminated in the group stage, and finally hated the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan. No wonder a famous Hollywood director once said, "No Oscar movie can create suspense comparable to a football match. Any result is possible on the sports field. The closer the strength of competitors is, the higher the level of competition between the two sides and the stronger the suspense. " Then it is this suspense that makes competitive sports games the most newsworthy. News theory has explained that the key to the value of news is that news is a fact that customers want to know, but they should know but don't know. The more unpredictable the facts customers want to know, the more attractive and newsworthy they are, and so is sports news. Second, there are abundant sources of competitive sports news. Competitive sports is not only remarkable in news, but also rich in news sources. One of its sources is the frequent occurrence of competitive sports events. As we all know, competitive sports in today's world have formed different types (comprehensive and one-way), and international large-scale sports competitions are held regularly. For example, the most influential international sports competitions are the International Olympic Games, the World University Games and the International Military Sports Games. One-way international sports competitions include World Cup Football Championships, World Table Tennis Championships, World Volleyball Championships, World Gymnastics Championships, World Diving Championships, World Swimming Championships and so on. This single international competition includes almost all the sports currently carried out around the world. In addition to these world-wide international competitions, there are various regional sports competitions, such as the European Football Championship, the East Asian Games, the South American Games and other single and comprehensive regional competitions. These games have formed a relatively stable holding time, system and organizational form. According to statistics, international large-scale sports games are held almost every day. At the same time, countries also hold various domestic sports competitions and national traditional sports competitions around international competitions every year. Second, the sources of competitive sports news are abundant. There are many sports from competitive sports. Take the largest and most influential Olympic Games as an example: Olympic Games are divided into summer Olympic Games and winter Olympic Games. There are 25 major events in the Summer Olympic Games, namely: track and field, rowing, badminton, baseball, basketball, boxing, kayaking, cycling, equestrian, fencing, football, gymnastics, weightlifting, handball, hockey, judo, wrestling, swimming (including diving, water ballet and water polo), modern pentathlon, tennis and billiards. There are 57 events in the Winter Olympics, including snowmobile, ice hockey, sledding, biathlon, skating and skiing. It can be seen that it is the suspense, richness and diversity of competitive sports events that make competitive sports never reported repeatedly every day, thus the information of competitive sports keeps flowing, attracting customers who love and pay attention to competitive sports and becoming the main content of sports news pages. Thirdly, sports news groups have the distinct characteristics of mainly young people and mainly men. What this customer group likes best is to report the news of competitive sports events. A survey of newspaper markets in eight major cities in China conducted by Beijing HC Company in May, 200012000 shows that customers' contact with three major sports news newspapers, Football, titan sports and China Sports Daily, is more well-known among readers aged 19-25 than readers aged 40-60. According to the survey of Chengdu sports news customers by sports communication scholars, young and middle-aged sports news customers account for 70% of the total sports news customers, and the ratio of male and female sports news customers is 6 14: 100. According to the survey, due to the fierceness, suspense, fierceness and high emotion of competitive sports competitions, as well as the natural psychological closeness with young people and men, such customers especially like competitive sports news reports, and sports news media highlight competitive sports reports in order to meet the needs of this customer group. The object of entertainment sports news dissemination is sports. To understand that recreation is the basic feature of sports news, we must first realize that sports activity itself is a kind of recreation activity. In the study of sports history, sports humanists and sociologists have come to the conclusion that sports has not been an isolated social phenomenon since it came into being. It is closely related to other social activities, especially the leisure and entertainment activities in people's life consciousness. Engels once described the Iroquois of North American Indians in the primitive commune period: In their spare time, "the phratries played ball games with each other, each phratry chose its own excellent players, and the rest watched by themselves, betting on the victory of their phratries." (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume IV), which shows that as early as the end of primitive society, specialized ball games and competitions appeared in the form of leisure and entertainment. Entertainment According to Maslow's psychological "hierarchy of needs" theory, after people's basic physiological needs are met in social development, there will be needs for communication, entertainment, love and belonging. In real life, this demand is most easily realized through various competitions and games between people in leisure, such as tug-of-war, wrestling, running and so on, because this form of entertainment does not need more. This kind of scene happens from time to time in people's daily life, whether in history or today. Visible, regardless of participation and appreciation, sports activities are always closely related to people's leisure and entertainment needs. Sports news mainly reports sports activities, and the content of communication itself is a kind of leisure and entertainment activities. The characteristics of its leisure and entertainment are naturally reflected in its report content. At the same time, sports news also vividly conveys the scenes, results, interesting people and events in sports activities through media means (such as TV stunts and various news genres in newspapers). Further meet people's leisure and entertainment needs in sports activities. It makes the leisure and entertainment characteristics of sports news more and more obvious. In addition, there is a phenomenon that can not be ignored, that is, in modern society, people regard sports news as an indispensable way of leisure and entertainment. Since the middle of the 20th century, with the progress of science and technology and the great change of production mode, people's material wealth and leisure time have increased to varying degrees in both developed and developing countries, which is incomparable in any previous period. How to spend leisure time is a problem that people pay more and more attention to. Due to the positive factors such as fitness, entertainment, health, progress and popularization, people all over the world show their enthusiasm for choosing sports activities first in their leisure time. Professor Pam of Germany, who is currently the president of the International Fitness Mass Sports Association, believes that in the past 30 years, the sports world has undergone outstanding changes. First, more people took part in sports activities, especially the rapid growth of sports population in developed countries, which is incomparable at any time in modern sports history. With people's knowledge, understanding and participation in sports, caring about sports and watching sports competitions have become an indispensable part of people's daily life. According to statistics, during major international sports competitions, the world's enthusiasm for sports can be said to be "the whole world is sports, and one point affects hundreds of millions of hearts." For example, 1998 During the 26th Atlanta Olympic Games, TV stations in 170 countries and regions all over the world broadcast the Olympic Games live. 1992,246 million people watched the Winter Olympics; During the 27th Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, about 3.7 billion people, more than half of the world's population, watched the grand opening ceremony of the Olympic Games on TV. It is precisely because people care more about sports, watch more sports and pay more attention to sports news that there are more and more sports media, and the circulation of sports newspapers and periodicals is increasing. For example, since the reform and opening up in China in 1980s, sports news has become a major news category alongside international news, economic news and cultural news with its strong development momentum. The sports news pages of comprehensive newspapers are constantly expanding, and professional sports newspapers are increasing rapidly. According to statistics, from 1985 to 1999, there are more than 40 professional sports newspapers in China from 12. From 65438 to 0989, China's sports information at the central and provincial levels alone reached10 million words per month. In the mid-1990s, the circulation of China Sports Daily reached 200,000, and in the first half of 200/kloc-0, the circulation of titan sports reached 2.8 million. Fans, ball newspapers and football all became the leaders in the newspaper distribution list in 2000. Since the 1990s, China's professional sports channels and sports TV programs have spread all over TV stations in various provinces and cities, and the ratings of sports programs have been at the top of all kinds of TV programs, becoming the most effective pillar industry of major TV stations. At present, with the expansion of customers' sports news window, customers' desire for sports news is getting stronger and stronger. They are not only satisfied with the sports news about the game scenes and results, but also want to know what sports events may happen tomorrow. They want to know all kinds of news behind the score, such as the athletes' energy, dynamics, psychology, technical and tactical changes on the field, and the reporters' objective and pertinent technical and tactical analysis, hoping to get more facts and opinions and get more entertainment. In order to meet the needs of customers, critical sports news is constantly emerging in both newspapers and TV. For example, sports essays, essays and essays with unique style, flexible brushwork and brisk tone are indispensable in the sports news pages of various newspapers. Various genres of sports news make sports news more ornamental, entertaining and entertaining. Sports news is attracting more and more customers and has become an indispensable leisure and entertainment content in modern life. International characteristics To understand the characteristics of sports news, we can't always leave the various factors produced by its interaction with sports. The internationality of sports news is first reflected in the cross-cultural nature and internationality of competitive sports. As mentioned above, sports news mainly reports competitive sports, and competitive sports itself has strong cross-cultural factors. Competitive sports is a set concept, including all kinds of sports. And all kinds of movements are expressed through various combinations of body movements. For example, basketball consists of passing, dribbling, shooting and moving, while gymnastics consists of running, jumping, flying and turning. These movements are collectively called body movements and body culture in sports theory terminology. The most important feature of this body culture is cross-culture, that is, breaking through the barriers of language, nationality, region, religion and other factors, and becoming a self-evident way of communication between people. Like a wonderful NBA basketball game, no matter which country or nationality can understand it, you can get a pleasant emotional experience from all kinds of technical and tactical changes on the court and various game situations. To understand the internationality of recent sports news, we should not only understand the cross-cultural nature of competitive sports, but also understand the international characteristics of competitive sports competitions. The internationality of competitive sports competitions is manifested in the following three levels. First, the internationalization of contemporary competitive sports. With the globalization of politics, economy and culture, international sports competitions are becoming more and more popular all over the world. International competitions held around the world almost never stop every year, and there is even a saying that "there is an international sports competition every day". Competitive sports competition has formed a global cultural phenomenon based on the Olympic Games. Second, the organization internationalization of contemporary competitive sports. With the frequent holding of competitive sports competitions, international sports competition organizations of various projects and regions have been established one after another, which makes the contemporary international sports competition organizations form the characteristics of large scale and large quantity. These organizations have created conditions for the internationalization of competitive sports competitions. Third, athletes participate in the internationalization of contemporary competitive sports. In the past 50 years, competitive sports teams participating in sports competitions are often composed of athletes from different ethnic or racial backgrounds. In recent decades, national competitive sports teams began to introduce foreign aid. For example, various world-famous football clubs in Europe recruit athletes all over the world, and elites from all walks of life gather, making European football matches one of the hot spots in the world every year. Another example is the most famous American NBA basketball game in the world, in which many foreign players take part. Yao Ming, a basketball player from China, also introduced the Rocket Team, which created the history that Asians entered the highest level basketball competition. The phenomenon that athletes do not represent their own countries and choose to participate in international sports competitions has enriched the internationalization of competitive sports. Knowing and understanding the cross-cultural and international nature of competitive sports, it is not difficult to understand the international nature of sports news. Sports news reports these cross-cultural body symbols, cross-cultural sports scenes and cross-cultural competition processes. Sports reporters are mainly active in these international competitions, collecting fresh and vivid sports news information. The internationalization characteristics of sports news are also born from this. Emotional experience in the psychology of emotional characteristics can be divided into high-intensity emotional experience and sub-intensity emotional experience. Because sports competition is a kind of sports form that directly pursues the result, openly challenges the limit and can see the result in time within the specified time, people can strongly experience the ecstasy after victory, the sadness after failure, the pride of overcoming themselves and the shame of weak will in sports. So exercise itself is a form of exercise with high emotional experience. For example, in international competitive sports competitions on various occasions, it is often seen that after the players win, excitement and tears are intertwined, and they run and jump selflessly on the sports field; I also often see players crying into a ball after failure. Characteristic sports news reports on this kind of sports activities with high emotional experience, which is naturally full of high emotional color, especially when guests watch sports news reports with obvious regionality and tendency. With the victory or defeat of the competition, the experience of joy, anger, sadness and joy of the guests became more vivid and intense. For example, in the 2000 World Cup, when people celebrated the "Italian Summer", apart from remembering the third coronation of the Germans and diego maradona's sad tears, of course, they would not forget the Brazilian girl who was sitting on the sidelines, biting her finger and feeling dejected. Another example is the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan. When the South Korean team reached the semi-finals of the World Cup for the first time, there were "4 million Red Devils partying all night" in South Korea. After the game, about 6,543,800 fans watching TV at home quickly took to the streets. They cheered the slogan of victory, set off fireworks, formed crowds in the street, and sang and danced. * * * Thirty thousand policemen were sent to control the traffic on key sections. On that day, Gwanghwamun Square in Seoul, South Korea completely turned into a red ocean ... The emotional characteristics of sports news also reflected the media's "people-oriented" pursuit. Sports news is people-centered news. Since it is a people-oriented report, we should fully respect people's emotions and reveal people's inner world behind the news. In sports news reports, "seeing things without people", "seeing things without people" and "seeing people without nature" are contrary to the pursuit of "people-oriented" in mass media in terms of communication methods and attitudes. In recent years, sports news reports on sports competitions only in several aspects, and more reports are sincere and touching stories closely related to sports events and sports figures. For example, on February 17, 2003, Southern Sports had a report entitled "No.7 tycoon Kahn publicly apologized". From this report, we can know that the "No.1 goalkeeper in the world" dares to admit his mistakes even if he has such shortcomings, which makes sports news fans and fans who love Kahn have a deeper understanding of him, thus making the characters in a sports news more real, vivid and lovely. For another example, the football broadcast in developed countries has crossed the level of "watching the ball" and stepped into the level of "watching people". In the German first-class league, an average of 17 cameras broadcast a game, not only trying to capture the best shots on the field with multiple cameras, but also searching for all kinds of green people. Two special machines are aimed at the coaches' seats of each team from beginning to end, switching the changes on the editing field and the joys and sorrows of the coaches, forming an intriguing and wonderful shot, and excavating the charm of athletes from more humanistic significance. These reports on the news behind the competition pay more attention to family, marriage, mother-child feelings, father-son feelings and indirect participants in the competition. Some people say that the hardware of sports news media industry is becoming more and more "hard", but at the same time, the content of media is becoming more and more "soft", and "soft news" tends to crowd out "hard news". These emotional news about sports exist because it can arouse the buzz of the audience, bring comfort and encouragement to people's hearts, and provide a lot of information for people to enjoy leisure. Misleading sports news can be seen everywhere. The biggest example in recent years is 1997. Before the Top Ten Asian Football Games, a newspaper in Chongqing released a message saying that Wang Junsheng, the full-time vice chairman of China Football Association, said that if China did not qualify, he would resign. This is a message from Airbus, which comes from hearsay in the corridor of China Football Association. 1At the end of 1999, China men's volleyball team competed for Olympic tickets in Shanghai, but a newspaper reported that "China men's volleyball team had never won Olympic tickets before". In fact, China men's volleyball team was qualified for the Moscow Olympic Games on 1980, but China men's volleyball team did not participate because of the boycott of this Olympic Games by the international community. Tournament, the hero is judged by success or failure. Sports competition is a competitive world, where there is a competition, there is a victory or defeat, and victory or defeat is a common occurrence. However, it is a bad behavior for sports news reports to praise winners and scold losers indiscriminately, which violates the professional ethics of journalism and the humanistic spirit of sports. Localism is serious. Localism in sports news reports means that local news media have lost their objective and fair positions and attitudes, and take local and local advantages as the starting point and standard for choosing facts in sports reports. For example 1997 In the women's football match between Shanghai and Beijing in the 8th National Games in June, the defender of Shanghai obviously handball in defense, but the referee on duty turned a blind eye and instead showed a yellow card to the captain of the Beijing team who expressed dissatisfaction. At this time, the battle between Liaoning and Shanghai for the first gold medal is in a white-hot stage. This matter is related to the final gold medal ownership, which naturally attracts people's attention, but the Shanghai media does not mention it at all. Characteristics of Sports The characteristics of sports news are based on its reported object & sports, which is formed and reflected in sports reports. (1) The competition is fierce. The fierce competition in sports competitions endows sports news with colorful and exciting contents. ② Broad popularity. Because people have a strong desire to participate in sports directly or indirectly, sports news has aroused widespread concern. ③ Strong internationality. Because there are a lot of international contacts in sports, sports news has become the main means of information transmission in this "international society". (4) Urgent timeliness. The timeliness of sports competitions is very strong, so sports news must be released as soon as possible, and a slight delay will lose its timeliness. Even lost the value of sports news. This also increases the difficulty of sports news work. Sports news can use news means such as writing, photography, television and radio.