What are the basic principles of photographic composition?

There are the following composition principles:

1. Nine-square grid composition

Some nine-square grid composition is also called tic-tac-toe composition. As mentioned before, it actually belongs to the golden section. A form of formula. That is to divide the picture into nine equal parts, and use the four corners of the central block to arrange the position of the subject at any point. In fact, these points are in line with the "golden section law" and are the best positions. Of course, balance, contrast and other factors should also be considered. This kind of composition can show change and movement, and the picture is full of vitality. These four points also have different visual perceptions. The two points above are more dynamic than the ones below, and the left is stronger than the right. The thing to pay attention to is the issue of visual balance.

2. Cross-shaped composition

Cross-shaped composition is to divide the picture into four parts, that is, draw two horizontal and vertical lines through the center of the picture, and the central intersection is where the subject is positioned. This kind of composition adds a sense of security, peace, solemnity and mystery to the picture, but it also has unfavorable factors such as rigidity. However, it is suitable for expressing symmetrical compositions, such as ancient architectural themes, which can produce a central perspective effect. For example, the sense of mystery is mainly reflected in photography of crosses and churches. Therefore, different themes use different expression methods.

3. Triangular composition

Triangular composition, the subject expressed in the picture is placed in a triangle or the image itself forms a triangular posture. This composition is a visual induction method. If there is a form There are also triangular shapes formed by shadows. If it is a naturally formed linear structure, then the main body can be placed in the center of the hypotenuse of the triangle to achieve a breakthrough. But only use it in panorama for the best effect. Triangular composition creates a sense of stability, while inversion creates instability and highlights tension. It can be used for different scenes, such as close-ups of people, close-ups, etc.

4. Rule of thirds composition

When composing a photograph, divide the picture into three evenly horizontally and vertically, and the intersection of the lines is called the center of interest. When we look at a photo, our eyes will be drawn to the center of interest first, so when taking pictures, we try to arrange the subject as close to the center of interest as possible. Of course, when using the rule of thirds to compose a picture, you can also place the scene at the golden section, which will look more beautiful visually. The rule of thirds applies to both horizontal and vertical frames. Arranging the subject and companion according to the rule of thirds will make the photo appear compact and powerful.

5. A-shaped composition

A-shaped composition refers to arranging the structure of the picture in the form of A-shape. The A-shaped composition has a strong sense of stability, upward impact and strong visual guidance. It can express the form of tall natural objects and itself. If the object of expression is placed at the top of the A, it is a forced visual guide. You don’t want to pay attention to this point. Different tilt angle changes in the A-shaped composition can produce different dynamic effects in the picture, with novel forms and clear subject orientation. But it is also a method that is difficult to master and requires experience.

Extended information:

Linear composition is one of the main methods often used in photography. "Line" is an objectively existing visual phenomenon and the basic visual element of composition. It can divide the picture, create area, generate rhythm, and express various symbolic functions in composition.

The character of the line is as follows: thick lines are strong, thin lines are delicate; curves are tender, straight lines are straight; thick lines are heavy, light lines are light; solid lines are static, and dotted lines are moving.

For example: vertical lines symbolize strength, solemnity, and power; horizontal lines symbolize tranquility, breadth, and broadness; diagonal lines symbolize dynamics and unsettled feelings, which are also acceptable. Because of the fact that it leads to the distance, the diagonal line here reflects a depth effect. Curves symbolize softness, romance, and elegance, giving people a very beautiful feeling. .

Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia - Photographic composition methods