Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - Production of jasmine tea
Production of jasmine tea
Jasmine tea, known as "in China's scented tea, you can smell the smell of spring", is a tea variety made by scenting jasmine with specially shaped tea leaves or refined green tea blanks. Jasmine tea still belongs to green tea in the classification of tea. Jasmine tea is processed on the basis of green tea, especially high-grade jasmine has certain physical and chemical effects in the processing. For example, polyphenols and tea tannins in tea are decomposed under wet conditions, and water-insoluble protein is degraded into amino acids, which can reduce the astringency when drinking green tea, change its function, and make it fresh, mellow and more palatable, which is one of the reasons why northern China likes to drink jasmine tea. All kinds of teas have similar health care essence, each with its own characteristics. Jasmine tea not only has some characteristics of green tea, but also has many health functions that green tea does not have. Jasmine tea has the characteristics of "dispelling cold evil and helping depression" and is the top grade of tea drinking in spring.
5 \/C $ V 9'+' According to the research on the health-care efficacy of tea in traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmacology, it is considered that tea is bitter, sweet and cool, and acts on human heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and five meridians. Bitter tea can diarrhea, dispel dryness and dampness, and reduce fire; Willing to benefit and be comfortable; Cooling can clear away heat, purge fire and relieve exterior syndrome. Tea contains many compounds that are beneficial to human health. Such as catechins, vitamins C, A, caffeine, flavanols, tea polyphenols, etc. Jasmine tea also contains a lot of more than 20 kinds of compounds, such as aromatic oil, geraniol, orange pepper and syringoyl ester. Jasmine tea is made through a series of technological processes according to the unique adsorption performance of tea and the fragrance characteristics of jasmine. It not only keeps the rich and refreshing natural tea taste of green tea, but also contains the fragrance of jasmine. It is the best natural health drink in China and even in the world.
5k:Y # k； H5 F8 Tea Culture Forum (I) Principle and procedure of scenting scented tea
) T3 U p2 Y8 A scenting principle: The scenting process of scented tea is mainly the process of flowers emitting fragrance and tea embryo absorbing fragrance. The fragrance of jasmine is a biochemical change. Mature jasmine is decomposed into aromatic substances under the action of enzymes, temperature, moisture and oxygen. With the physiological changes, the flowers open and constantly spit out fragrance. Tea embryo absorbs fragrance through physical adsorption, and at the same time absorbs a lot of water. Chemical adsorption occurs due to the infiltration of water. Under the action of damp heat, complex chemical changes have taken place. Tea soup gradually changed from green to yellow to bright, and the taste changed from light to thick, forming the unique fragrance, color and taste of scented tea.
5 k m6 c3 Z9 F. O scenting process: traditional scenting process of scented tea: tea embryo, flower mosaic and scenting, flower collection and scenting tea culture forum 7 l% ` &；; Me: [: f
Flowering, baking, cooling, tapping, jacquard stacking and packaging.
* O9 u7 Z9 H4 _3 d$ G4 i:？ 8 R！ O 1 p (2) tea embryo treatment
. G5 b: l F2 m# e is used to make tea embryo of scented tea, which is refined (omitted) from Qingmao tea according to the standard sample of tea embryo type of scented tea.
V" Q8 M% r6 z 1。 Drying: Generally, the tea embryo of scented tea should be dried. Objective: High-grade tea embryo exudes a dull and stale taste; The purpose of middle and low-grade tea embryo is to reduce the coarse and old taste, reveal the normal aroma of green tea and improve the fresh purity of scented tea. In general, the temperature of the dryer should not be too high. The high-grade tea embryo is at 100- 1 10℃, and the medium and low-grade tea embryo can be at10-120℃. The traditional technology requires that the moisture content of roasted tea embryo should be 4-4.5%, so it can't be roasted with fire, which is easy to produce burnt smell and affect the quality of scented tea.
7y8t(a . P+]6l2a j & amp； V 2。 Cooling: The temperature of tea embryo is generally higher after reheating. When the temperature is 60-80℃, it must be cooled. Only when the temperature of tea embryo is higher than room temperature 1-3℃ can it have fragrance. If it is too high, it will affect the vitality and fragrance of jasmine and reduce the quality of scented tea. The lower the temperature of tea embryo, the better.
$ l！ Y' h/ q 1 s2 y3 c (3) flower conservation
* e-h & amp； Z8t) yteabbs.zjol.com.cnc4x4 h $ p% Jasmine has the habit of flowering and smelling at night. Flowers are usually picked after 2 pm that day, with large buds, high yield and good quality. After harvest, do not press tightly when shipping. It is best to pack flowers in ventilated baskets, and avoid packing them in plastic bags, which are easy to be squeezed and ventilated, easily causing "burning flowers".
/T" M 1 f9 L 1 M* Q Tea Culture Forum 1, spreading and cooling: flowers are weighed in time to adapt to the entrance, stacked in stages and spread and cooled (see annex for grading standards). The purpose is: flowers generate heat due to pressure and respiration during transportation, which is not easy to be lost, so that the temperature of flowers increases, generally above 38℃ and 40℃. It is not conducive to the physiological activities of flowers, so it must be spread quickly to cool down, restore vitality and promote open fragrance. The cooling site must be well ventilated, and the flower pile should be thin when cooling, generally below 10cm. When the temperature is high, you can use a light fan to blow; Rain flowers should be diluted, blown away and evaporated, and can only be accumulated and maintained after the surface water is dry.
8t:a(@ 2p8f+x)j:e # oteabbs.zjol.com.cn 2。 Flower maintenance: the purpose is to control the temperature in the flower pile, make the flowers full of vitality, and promote the opening and fierce fragrance. The suitable temperature for flowering is 32-37℃. Therefore, if the temperature is lower than 30℃, it is necessary to increase the temperature of flowers, and the respiration of flowers will release CO2 to generate heat, which will increase the temperature of flowers. When the temperature of the flower reaches above 38℃, it is necessary to open the flower, dilute and cool it, increase oxygen and promote the flower opening. When the temperature is high, it should be spread thinly, turned over and ventilated to prevent the flowers from deteriorating when the pile temperature is too high. General pile height 15-20 cm. Due to the low temperature in spring and autumn, the pile height is generally 30-40 cm, sometimes covered with cloth to keep the pile temperature and promote the flowers to bloom.
% j$？ ) ~: ]; [( x3 Q( B: g 3)), flower screening: When the flowering rate is about 60%, flowers can be screened. The purpose of screening flowers is not only to divide the size of flowers, but also to remove the pedicels of green buds; Through mechanical vibration, flowers can also be promoted to be open and healthy. After screening, the flowers should be stacked with weighing semicolons according to the predetermined amount of flowers in each batch. If the openness is not enough, it should be maintained. Uses of flowers: the head flower is used for jacquard, transfer and high-grade tea head; The second flower is used for the head. If the No.1 flower and No.2 flower are used in the same batch of tea, the No.1 flower should be used first, and then the No.2 flower should be used. They should not be mixed and perfumed separately. Tea Culture Forum% @: f+ K+ a7 r) Q, T. M, F B
4. Yulan Base. The purpose is to "adjust the fragrance" with fresh magnolia, improve the aroma concentration of jasmine tea and "set off" the freshness of flowers. Proper priming can improve the quality of scented tea.
(r+ C，c6y . `； D5 h4 T0 s- | Method for clearing the heart of tea: Before making jasmine tea, mix tea leaves and flowers with Flos Magnoliae (generally 1%, 100kg mixed with Flos Magnoliae) and make a "base" on the tea embryo; Some people, when scenting jasmine flowers, spell flowers like magnolia at the same time, but it is not easy to use too much, which is easy to cause "wearing orchids"; Some use a small amount of Flos Magnoliae and Jasmine as jacquard (the dosage is 0.3-0.5%).
; v”？ ! Q4 J. H* z X7 \0 O Tea Culture Forum (4) Blending Flowers and Flowers
$ @5 W！ L' ~2 s) q. J/ x tea, culture, white tea, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, Tieguanyin, Dan fir, Pu 'er, teapot, tea culture, tradition, photography, music scenting and the key process of making the whole jasmine tea scenting process. The purpose is to mix flowers with tea, so that the fragrance of flowers can be directly absorbed by tea. There are six factors to master in flower arrangement: flower arrangement, flowering quantity, temperature, humidity, thickness and time.
3 ~! "d3f" k (5) Manual operation method of scenting scented tea
0 f f 1 W！ [62] f "r Tea, culture, white tea, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, Tieguanyin, Shanshan, Pu 'er, teapot, tea culture, tradition, photography, music, first spread the total amount of tea embryo in a clean flower. Similarly, spread 1/3- 1/5 evenly on the surface of the tea embryo, so that a layer of tea has 3-5 layers of flowers alternately, and then use an iron rake to pull the section from top to bottom for mixing. Tea embryo and flower are mixed together, and "scenting" is carried out through box scenting, pot scenting and block scenting. tea BBS . zjol . com . cn * p m | & amp； a & ampL
Tea leaves and flowers are mixed and put into a wooden box (the size of the wooden box is 46×43×43cm, which is the No.2 standard tea box), and the flowers are called box scenting. Suitable for scented tea with few flowers or special flowers. Each box of tea leaves is about 5kg, and the thickness is 20-30cm. Boxes are arranged horizontally or stacked crosswise to promote air circulation. Make a circle of Camellia with bamboo slips, 40-60 cm high, and then pile them in the circle. It is called "hoarding goods" and is suitable for medium and mass production. The diameter of the coaming is 150-200 cm, and the amount of tea in each coaming is 200-300 kg. Put tea and flowers together and pile them directly on the ground to form a block flower, which is called a block flower or a pile flower. It is suitable for mass production, and it is piled into a rectangle according to different sites and quantities, with a width of 1- 1.2m and a length of 600- 1000kg/ pile. Stacking is labor-saving, fast and convenient. At present, the scenting method of scented tea is usually heap scenting.
/ }! O0 r3 V. V4 ~0 h In addition, this batch of tea embryos should be covered with a thin layer on the suede of the fragrant products, with a thickness of about 1cm, so that the flowers will not be exposed to reduce the loss of floral fragrance. This operation is called "covering the surface". 0 p$ D" F！ D/ \9 J f
Under natural conditions and normal temperature (32-37℃), the duration of jasmine fragrance can generally reach 24 hours. When flowers and tea are mixed together, the normal breathing is hindered to some extent, the vitality of flowers is shortened, and the duration of fragrance spitting is generally around 12 hours. From the observation and test, it can be seen that jasmine flower is in the period of exuberant fragrance within 5 hours after it begins to smell. At this time, the respiratory intensity is high, the loss of dry matter is also high, and the volatile aromatic oil is also fierce. So when the fragrance is strong, flowers and incense are fragrant. Therefore, mastering the openness of jasmine, quickly mixing and scenting, and making tea embryo fully absorb the floral fragrance are the key points of the whole scenting technology.
) * B M6 [9 I (6) Drive away flower fever
8 L* y4 T* ~5 a9？ The purpose of e-flower heat dissipation is: first, heat dissipation and cooling; The second is ventilation and oxygen supply to promote flowers to regain their vitality and continue to spit incense; The third is to discharge gases such as carbon dioxide from the reactor. Flowering is controlled by temperature, humidity and the vitality of fragrant flowers. The time from flowering to flowering is 5-6 hours, shortened by half an hour one by one. The accumulation time can be mainly collected according to the temperature drop of the pile (see the attached table for details). Flowering and heat dissipation refers to spreading the tea pile in the pit to cool, with the height of 30-40 cm, and the height of the thin spread pile is about 10cm, and stirring it again every 15 minutes to fully cool the tea pile about 1 hour. : I *? /P " P； 3 $ University. [4 C0 h# _ ]
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When the harvest time reaches 10- 12 hours, the flowers will lose their vitality. When the tea embryo absorbs water and fragrance to a certain state, it must be started immediately, and the tea and flowers must be separated by a flower picker, which is called flowering. The flowering order is "more fragrant first, then less fragrant, first high-grade tea, then low-grade tea". If the flowers can't bloom in time, under the action of water and heat, the flower residue will turn yellow and mature, showing a stuffy yellow smell and an alcohol smell, which will affect the quality of scented tea. If a large number of flowers are picked that day, and it is too late to pick flowers in a short time, you must open the flower pile to dissipate heat. Tea Culture Forum &; n！ g#？ 4 p) n5 N0 p
1, according to the pile temperature of the product, grasp the timely flowering. The first layer is 4 1℃, the second layer is 40℃, and the layer is gradually lowered, and the jacquard is 38℃. If the reactor temperature exceeds, if the time is not up, it must be flushed for the second time or turned over to dissipate heat. Tea, culture, white tea, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, Tieguanyin, Shanshan, Pu 'er, teapot, tea culture, tradition, photography, music+H (z&; q！ R & ampL: s( t0 K
According to the moisture in the product, master the timely flowering: Tea Culture Forum 2 @: \ I6 l- W" s/ Y
Touhua 17- 18%, Erhua 13- 14%, Sanhua1-12%, jacquard 8.5%.
$ e(S9 B " w； Z* P3 S6 a' d+ U Tea Culture Forum Flowering operation: The operation should be rapid, and there should be no pedicels and leaves in the tea after flowering; There is no tea in the flower residue. Be sure to clean the screen after stopping the machine, and dilute the wet tea after flowering to prevent water from stewing. Tea is pure with heart1(k% p; P6 }7 T7 f
2, baking: ]0 y" k0 M? ，L
The purpose of baking is to remove excess water and keep proper water content to adapt to the next changing, jacquard or packaging process. To solve this contradiction, we need to know the temperature of drying hot air and the moisture content of tea after baking. Control the water content of tea and adjust the baking temperature as follows:
8 k4 R9 _% S( h+ k tea language) The roasted tea leaves must be fully spread and cooled. Some of them take a long time to transport, and some of them are spread and cooled by a spreading machine. However, strong winds are prohibited from blowing, resulting in unnecessary loss of aroma. The lower the temperature of the tea leaves after cooling, the better, and the highest temperature should not exceed 40℃. teabbs.zjol.com.cn+ g！ m & ampz:H4·R，D5·c·k
3. Relief Tea Culture Forum # t X) z. n7 d$ h+ G% b
Embossing is to perfuse low-grade tea with flower residue after flowering, aiming at making full use of the lingering fragrance of flower residue, reducing the coarse and old taste of low-grade tea and increasing the fragrance of flowers.
3 ]5 R: e4 |, a v. H" A (1) flowers should be made in time and quickly, and the edges should be embossed with lace. Tea, culture, white tea, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, Tieguanyin, Shanshan, Pu 'er, teapot, tea culture, tradition, photography, music K:? 1 m4 C0 H5 J2 q2 p
(2) The flower residue of scented tea is still white, pure and fragrant, and its ability to spit fragrance is still strong, so it can be used for embossing middle-grade tea, and the rest normal flower residue can be used for embossing low-grade tea, but rotten, yellow and smelly flower residue can not be used for embossing.
(f3 P & amp| (3o9m "y tea, culture, white tea, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, Tieguanyin tea, Shan fir, Pu 'er tea, teapot, tea culture, tradition, photography, music) Consumption of flower residue: 100kg tea generally uses 40-50 kg flower residue, which can be reached at one time. teabbs.zjol.com.cn# @3 c$ ~9 g！ T6 l: U！ t
(4) The embossing time should be 4-5 hours, not too long, which will cause odor such as stew and fermentation. 0 s$ u！ _
Flower residue should be removed in time, and tea must be baked in time. tea BBS . zjol . com . cn ' Z $ l . `/r " E(o9 | * O？ & ampJ4 angle
4. Jacquard fabric
9 ? ! Y: Z2 l" U- \- k Tea Language Qingxin Jacquard aims to improve the freshness of scented tea, and its operation is the same as that of scented tea.
k$ X7 r(？ ) I, o3 |" h8 Y (1) Jacquard uses large white flowers, which have a strong fragrance and cannot be used for yuhua. After mixing, it takes a short time (6- 100kg of tea) (6-8 hours for composting). Because the amount of flowers used is small, it is not necessary to bloom when the composting temperature is not high.
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