Appreciation of ancient poetry in junior high school is urgent! ! ! ! !

wen tianxiang

When hard work comes,

There are few stars around.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the clouds are surging.

Life experiences ups and downs.

Fear. The beach says fear,

Sigh in the ocean.

People who have never died since ancient times,

Take the heart of Dan and follow history.

translate

Looking back on my early experience of being an official through the imperial examination,

Now the war has subsided for four weeks.

This country is in danger,

How can a person take a bath be described as duckweed?

Fear of the fiasco at the beach still scares me.

It's a pity that I am alone in the ocean below zero.

Who can live forever since ancient times,

I want to leave a patriotic heart to reflect on history.

Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283) was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word good, the word Song Rui, Wenshan luling (now Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) people. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, he struggled to resist the enemy, was defeated and captured, never succumbed to the intimidation and inducement of the Yuan people, and finally died calmly. His later poems mainly described the difficult course of fighting against the Yuan Army, showing firm national integrity, generosity, tragic and touching.

This poem was written after Wen Tianxiang was captured. The poet recalled a sentence or two of his life, but limited by space, in his writing, he cited two things: becoming an official and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "war and death", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet did not think of his personal way out and future, but deeply regretted that he failed to win a military victory in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. Between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin and death, as well as the bleak mood of self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This adds a tragic and passionate strength and self-confidence to the previous feelings and grievances, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, far beyond the scope of language and writing.

The first meeting in Yangzhou will reward Lotte Buddhism.

I spent twenty-three years in the desolate places of Bashan and Chushui.

The mountains were desolate and silent for twenty-three years.

Missing an old friend, reciting Xiao Fu in vain, and returning home for a long time is not the past.

People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed.

Next to the sunken ship, there is a passing Qian Fan, but before the diseased tree, there is a struggle in spring.

On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.

After listening to the poem you recited to me today, I can cheer up with this wine for the time being.

Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up.

red wall

The iron is not for sale,

Learn from the past.

East wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang,

Bronze sparrow lock Er Qiao Spring.

Du Mu (803- 852) was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now a county in Xi, Shaanxi). Poets in late Tang Dynasty. After entering the official position, I got tired of being an official and transferred to the food department. Factional strife was excluded by Li Deyu, and then it was reused. When you enter the DPRK, the official reaches the book. Complete Tang Poetry compiled his poems into a book. He cares about state affairs, opposes the separatist regime in the buffer region, supports centralization, advocates defending against enemy invasion, opposes corruption and sympathizes with the people. He has written military papers such as Sixteenth Anniversary of the Original, Crime Words, etc., and analyzed the reasons for the separatist regime in the buffer region and the defense of the border defense. His meaning was thorough, but no one cared. He likes the art of war and commented on Sun Tzu. His poems are also influenced by the art of war, ups and downs. He replied to the solemn book that "writing is based on meaning, supplemented by qi, and words are based on garrison", which is a metaphor for creating with the art of war. His poems are as famous as Li Shangyin's. His political poems, such as the rhyme * * * 53 in the long poem Poem for Love, are based on Du Fu's Northern Expedition and Poem for 500 Words. Rhymes that reflect reality, such as Hehuang and Zaoyan, all contain profound satire on current political criticism. The most artistic features are the seven wonders of lyric scenery. Poems such as Crossing the Qing Palace and Red Cliff are full of emotion, while poems such as Jiang Nanchun, Bo Qinhuai and Mountain Walk are profound in meaning and elegant in style. Because the national craze has gone from bad to worse, these poems often reveal sentimental feelings. His "Epang Palace Fu" was also well received, which marked the formation of literary style. See My Life, New Tang Book (Volume 166). There are "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".

Su Shi (1037—110/) was a writer and painter in the Song Dynasty. Zi Zi Zhan was named Dongpo layman and Su Dongpo in the world. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Born in a poor landlord family, he was educated. Grandfather Su Xu is a poet, father Su Xun is good at strategizing, and mother Cheng personally teaches books.

Prelude to water melody

When did the moon begin to appear?

I take my glass from a distance.

I don't know the palace in heaven,

What year is tonight?

I want to go home in the wind,

I'm afraid of Qionglou Yuyu,

It's too cold up there.

Dance to see the shadows,

What is it like!

Keywords brick pavilion, low-rise residents,

Take a sleepless photo.

There should be no hatred,

Why should it be different?

People have joys and sorrows,

The moon is cloudy and sunny,

This matter is ancient and difficult to complete.

Wish people a long time,

Thousands of miles * * * ChanJuan.

1. Su Shi's Water Melody is the most famous poem in Mid-Autumn Festival, which has always been popular. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" said: "The Mid-Autumn Festival Ci came out of Dongpo's" Water Tune Song Tou ",and the rest were all useless." This song has always been chosen by people who chose Su Shi's ci in past dynasties.

This word was written in the Mid-Autumn Festival (Song Shenzong Xining 9th year, AD 1076). Su Shi was forty-one years old and was the magistrate of Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). At that time, Su Shi and his disciple You had disappeared for six or seven years.

Rare Heaviness —— Appreciation of Tongguan Hillside Sheep Nostalgia

Zhang's "Goat Nostalgia for Tongguan" skillfully combines Tongguan's topography with history to express his feelings in the landscape. Taking Tongguan as the witness of history, it exudes a heavy "prosperity, people suffering; Death, the people suffer. "

In the second year (AD 1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, Zhang served as a relief worker in Shaanxi. Passing through Tongguan, I saw the scene of "the peaks are like gathering, and the waves are like anger". Tongguan is surrounded by mountains, and the word "ju" makes readers see the trend of Huashan rushing in front of them and the shape of the mountain standing tall; Outside Tongguan, the water of the Yellow River is surging, and the word "anger" echoes the endless sound of running water in readers' ears. Moved by this scene, the feeling of "Tongguan Road inside and outside the mountains and rivers" arises spontaneously. At this point, Tongguan has a glimpse of its majestic momentum. Such a dangerous place is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, which also triggered the following feelings. "Looking to the West, the meaning is still unfinished", the writer is in Tongguan, looking at Chang 'an, the old capital of the old dynasty, and thousands of flavors come to mind. Looking back at that year, the mansion of Qin Dynasty, the unfinished land of Han Dynasty, was large in scale and criss-crossed with mountains and valleys, but now the palace that worships beauty is gone, and his mission this time can't help but make people feel deeply touched. "There are 10,000 palaces in Qin and Han Dynasties, which is really sad." The writer's "sadness" in the face of the prosperous ruins here is really sad. Sad for the rulers of Qin and Han dynasties, I'm afraid that "all the palaces have been dug up" is something they never thought of! It is also the sorrow of the people. In order to show the glory of an era, the state concentrated on shaping the buildings of Afangshan and Weiyang, and the suffering of the people was unspeakable; However, the glorious past was followed by the replacement of dynasties, and the people were miserable in the war. This situation makes the writer say, "Xing, the people suffer; Death, the people suffer "this sentence has been passed down through the ages.

"Biography of the Yuan Dynasty" said: "In the past two years, there was a great drought in Guanzhong, and the hungry people ate each other, so I came to Shaanxi to visit Taiwan." When he heard about his fate, he scattered all his family and the poor people in the village and boarded the bus. When he was hungry, he gave them relief and the dead were buried. Retirement is Zhang's last resort. When the country needed him, when the people had disasters, he stood up without hesitation regardless of his age of 60. He no longer worried about his personal fate, was no longer intimidated by the sinister officialdom, and embarked on the road of saving the people without hesitation. His feelings and thoughts suddenly jumped out of the Peach Blossom Garden of Wuliuzhuang and devoted themselves to the responsibility to the country and the people. During the disaster relief period, he "visited China personally to mourn the rain, and sacrificed money to save the people", "If you are hungry, you must ask in person, and if you encounter refugees, you must ask in detail", which won the reputation of "a good official in the city" ([Zhong Lu Xi Chun Lai]), and wrote many excellent works along the way to express your thoughts and feelings, among which [Zhong Lushan Lai] was used. Among these nine songs, the most famous is Tongguan Nostalgia:

The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. Looking at the western capital, I hesitated. Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; People suffer when they die.

Because the author witnessed the people's disaster, when he passed through Tongguan, he first thought of the people's suffering and did not praise the spectacular scenery and the achievements of the empire. Instead, it links the rise and fall of history with people's disasters and expresses a profound theme. Especially in the end, "Xing, the people suffer; At the end of the discussion, he published his own view of history, which made him deaf and excited, indicating that in history, regardless of the rise and fall of dynasties, people suffered, thus pointing out the fundamental opposition between feudal regime and the broad masses of the people. Liu Xizai said in "Introduction to Art, Ci and Qu": "A composer's hand is often very important for minor works. "Xiao-ling Gai is in a dilemma, because he should have both the beginning and the end of the story and the aftertaste outside the words. I can't arrange everything for him. This piece of music by Zhang, though few words, is highly generalized, profound and alarming. Another poem by Yang Shanpo, Shan Li Nostalgia, has the same effect:

Looking back at Mount Li, Ah Fang was furious. Where was the luxury then? I see the grass is thin and the water is long, but I still hate foggy trees. Countries such as Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu, when they win, all turn to dirt; What is lost has become dirt.

This paper reviews the ups and downs of dynasties in history with the theme of "Li Mountain cherishes the past", and finally concludes that "victory and defeat are all turned into dung; The ending of "lost, all become dirt" shows the author's thorough understanding of the rise and fall of history. With the rise and fall of dynasties, it is endless destruction, countless material civilizations and spiritual wealth are reduced to ashes, and today's winner burns everything of the loser, so who can guarantee that he is not tomorrow's loser? So, what's the point of winning or losing? This strongly and calmly criticized the brutal murder and arson carried out by feudal rulers to seize power and the massive construction after seizing power.

"Beimangshan Nostalgia" shows the author's sense of rise and fall from another angle:

Very Thai is fighting, and the incomplete inscription is difficult to identify. Know that he is the king of the Han Dynasty and the minister of the Jin Dynasty? Kill YunQing, do the dust under the mountain in the north. Even a gentleman should not be called; Even if I am a minister, I should not be called.

From the beginning, a sad atmosphere was rendered. These princes and ministers, who were buried in Beimang Mountain, enjoyed splendor before their death. However, after their death, they were just a wasteland under the North Mangshan Mountain. If you are human, you are bound to die. Once you die, it's all over. So, what is the meaning of respecting before death and declining after death? That sentence "is a gentleman, it can't be said; Even if I am a minister, I should not be called ".The tone is cold and sad, which shows the author's profound understanding of life. Zhang's "Homesickness Suite" stands at the height of a profound perspective on life and a thorough understanding of history. It is strategically located, with broad vision, great momentum, deep and tragic feelings and simple style, showing a politician's mind and boldness of vision.

At the last moment of his life, Zhang used a series of works reflecting the process of disaster relief, such as "Zhong Lu Chun Lai", in addition to a nostalgic suite:

When you are hungry on the road, you must ask in person. When you meet refugees, you must ask in detail. This city is full of good officials. Still smug, just white hair and new hair.

The scene mentioned in the first two sentences is exactly the same as the "famine relief, burial of the dead" contained in the historical biography. He has done so much for the people and won the praise of "the city is a good official", but the author himself believes that he should do more for the people. There is a song in [A Flower in Lunan] that expresses this mood:

I can't wait to turn weeds into millet and river sand into golden beads, so that thousands of families can get rich, and I won't waste my property in vain. Seeing this disaster taught me nothing but snow all over my head.

Faced with a large number of victims and severe drought, the government's food relief is like a drop in the bucket, which is of no help. Although he personally played the role of the emperor, let that person assume the official position, and took the lead in taking out his own property as relief, but the disaster was serious, not by one person. When the heart burns like a fire, it is inevitable to have the illusion of "turning weeds into millet and turning river sand into golden beads" According to the Biography of Yuan History, Zhang "was an official in April, never at home, stayed in the mansion, prayed in the sky at night, helped the hungry by day, and kept going all day." I feel painful every time I think about it, so I can't bear it. I died at the age of 60. "The people in Guanzhong are so sad that they have lost their parents." Zhang finally wrote a swan song for the country and the people with his own life.

The overall characteristics of Zhang's songs are lofty ideals, deep feelings, vigorous momentum and rigorous structure. Under this general feature, every kind of music has its own characteristics. Writing scenery songs is light and natural, elegant and leisurely, like flowing clouds; Nostalgic works are broad, gloomy and vigorous, which can highly summarize the inevitable law of historical development; It describes the deep sadness of official career, revealing the essence of officialdom and the precariousness of being an official; The works reflecting the sufferings of the people are profound and sentimental, presenting the author's childlike heart to readers.