Taking medieval Europe as an example, this paper discusses the influence of religious belief on arts and crafts.

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1: Feudal separatism brought frequent wars, which led to the stagnation of science and technology and productive forces, and people lived in hopeless pain. Therefore, the Middle Ages or early Middle Ages are generally called "dark ages" in Europe and America. Traditionally, this is a period of slow development in the history of European civilization. Another view is that until the 9th century, most scholars in the late ancient times believed that human beings were in the sixth and last stage of history, that is, the "doomsday" predicted by the Bible in the Revelation, which, according to St. Augustine's point of view, meant darkness.

2. First of all, understanding the relationship between arts and crafts and religion is also an important content in art theory. Primitive arts and crafts and religion are closely related in origin. From today's point of view, many things belong to artistic activities, such as singing and dancing, painting, sculpture, architecture and so on. It is a religious activity or witchcraft activity in primitive society, not a pure aesthetic activity. Primitive people's belief and worship of religion and witchcraft is an important reason for the emergence and development of primitive religious art. In ancient times, due to the emphasis on ghosts and gods, the focus of artistic concepts was often arts and crafts, mostly painting in caves, cliffs or crevices in rocks, and in inaccessible places, mostly animals. Obviously, it was not for aesthetic or decorative purposes, but a primitive witchcraft concept. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "There is a reason to paint cattle, for bison or hunting bison, banning bison, etc." . Primitive painting has a certain practical or utilitarian purpose, and is not the product of modern graffiti. At that time, the application of arts and crafts in the environment was also very simple, specifically the imaginary animal patterns, a few sketches, and the materials were also very simple, and there was no systematic concept. Therefore, when discussing the application of arts and crafts in religion, we must first correctly realize that they are inseparable, and the religious art color is accompanied by the origin and development of arts and crafts. The characteristics of religious art are both religious and aesthetic. It is an art form with rich spiritual connotation. It first established the primary role of arts and crafts in human life, and its modeling was concise and purposeful, representing a kind of respectful thought. It embodies the organic combination of ancient arts and crafts with primitive religion and human life.

Now we can think that primitive religion is the cradle of arts and crafts. In China, archaeologists analyzed the homographs of witchcraft and dance in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and also came to the conclusion that song and dance originated from witchcraft. The appearance of primitive painting and plastic arts is directly related to the concept of reproductive worship of primitive people. In China, fish patterns painted on painted pottery by ancestors are also the product of reproductive worship. Many well-known scholars have discussed this. The fish patterns and painted pottery with fish faces on Banpo in Yangshao period are a blessing to the descendants of the clan. Thus formed the preliminary outline of painting and plastic arts. At that time, the level of understanding was low, and many abstract ideas could not be explained scientifically. People naturally use an unconscious artistic way to summarize the world around them. Of course, the imprisonment of thought still existed at that time, and the tension of artistic expression was far from being formed, mainly from the fear of nature and new things. The earliest sculpture art of mankind is also related to the reproductive worship of primitive people. They don't know much about life, it's too mysterious. It is the pressure that nature imposes on human beings, or it is a kind of sustenance or a kind of fear. At that time, it was progress to express reverence for life simply by sculpture art, which shows that the application of arts and crafts in religion at that time was simple, a bit like babbling. The consciousness is not comprehensive and the expression is single.

With the civilization of people's thoughts, the application of arts and crafts in religion has become more and more complicated and developed almost simultaneously. With the eyes of modern people, the affinity between them can't be seen at all. The formation of religious art is an improvement of arts and crafts, and it is a combination of two arts, which reflects people's practical activities of "mastering" themselves and "mastering" the world. Arts and crafts are mainly used to express the characteristics of religious thinking and social progress in religious applications. When human beings have a class, arts and crafts are religious.

With the help of social reality, religious art has developed rapidly, and with the help of arts and crafts, a large-scale religious art group has gradually formed, resulting in many influential arts and crafts, such as open-air meditation in the Northern Wei Dynasty and exorcism in the Southern Dynasty, such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes. The maturity of arts and crafts has vividly portrayed religious culture. Abandon the perceptual knowledge or random imagination of human thinking in the past, and put people's feelings, will and wishes in the description of specific images. Because everything in the religious field of vision is infinite and cannot be expressed by material means, then the artistic expression of religion tends to reduce spiritual imagination to material imagination, and because of the wide application of arts and crafts in religious culture, religious art is more intuitive, perceptual and vivid, and people are willing to accept it. For example, "Jade Emperor", "Guanyin" and "Buddha" are all portrayed by artistic means according to the inherent mode of religious opinions, creating representative religious symbols with religious characteristics. It can be said that religion can influence people's lives, and the specific images expressed by arts and crafts can be used for more vivid and extensive publicity, which has laid a rich foundation for the development of religion and provided for non-religious believers.

Due to the differences in time, region, economy, culture and technology, national habits and aesthetic standards, the application of arts and crafts in religion presents distinct characteristics. Historically, the application of arts and crafts in religion reached a climax in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, because artists first developed their special skills in religious art, which determined the formation of religious art in the following years. The grand scale and great creative intention of religion at that time, such as grotto statues, Buddha statues and Buddha statues. Based on Mahayana classics, it greatly expanded the application and development of painting and sculpture in religion. On the one hand, it is the artist's painstaking efforts, which combines foreign art such as local and national characteristics. At the same time, the accumulation of life and the signing of lifestyle have pushed religious art to the peak, and the daubing method has stimulated the requirements of three-dimensional expression. By imitating the naked or thin-sleeved Buddha statues in India, people gradually become familiar with the anatomical structure of the human body and prompt to paint portraits. In particular, Buddha statues are more free, arts and crafts are more active in the use of religion, and the themes are infinitely expanded. Even Buddhist stories enrich the life of art. At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the stone carvings, Buddha statues and pottery figurines in paintings all showed a little spiritual characteristics. There are a lot of descriptions of life fragments in religious paintings, and the shaping of various images in sculptures, such as Lohan, Lux, Bodhisattva, benefactor, etc., have promoted the relationship between religion and human beings. The growing religious image is a realistic factor in the wide application of arts and crafts in religion. Later, the Sui Dynasty was a buffer period for the development of religious art to reach its climax. A large number of arts and crafts have been expanded and applied in religious arts, creating more unique religious cultural products. In the Tang Dynasty, the religious application of arts and crafts tended to be secularized, and the development of arts and crafts was mainly religious art. For example, the group images of Fengxian Temple, as a model work of immortals, were of great value in shaping the image (especially the face of Rushenafo and the imp at the foot of the God King), the composition relationship of the group images and the artistic generalization ability of the group images. Immortal, Lohan, Bodhisattva, King of God, King Kong and other images, and strive to shape all kinds of idealized personality and temperament. Although these types are common in sculptures in the Tang Dynasty, such as the gorgeous, dignified and reserved expression of Bodhisattva, the majestic and powerful expression of the king of God and the muscular appearance of King Kong, they are all very violent and rustic. However, carving them on such a huge scale and volume is enough to become a new pioneering work. Among these images, Ananda's simple appearance and kind and pure realism of personality undoubtedly have unique artistic value, representing the model of arts and crafts in religious application, mastering the correct proportion and anatomical knowledge of the human body, and creating the art of round carving that can be seen everywhere. In terms of craft style, the ideal pursuit and technique are truly unified, with rich colors, lively and vigorous lines and solid and powerful modeling. Profound and complicated composition is applied to religious art, such as the pure land change, Vimalakīrti change, Nirvana change and demon change in the west. They are all works with distinctive themes, rich and complex contents and touching feelings, and they are all created through exquisite craftsmanship and vivid imagination.

The application of arts and crafts in religion is becoming more and more mature. Only by understanding the relationship between religion and art can artists work with ease. As a result of religious interpretation, because religion is directed at the people, most of these works come from people's artists. After the evolution of the times, the realistic factors of arts and crafts have penetrated into religious art for a long time, and gradually overcome the simplicity of religion. The concept of artistry is different from religion itself, rather than simply attaching art and craft to religious rules. The artist's understanding of beauty has created a kind and elegant bodhisattva, a healthy and beautiful Guanyin, a brave king Lux, an argumentative Vimalakīrti, a painful Buddhist disciple, a devout believer and a flying musician. And pay attention to the symmetrical sitting posture of the Buddha statue and the patterned cassock pattern to make it appear. It also has a non-human mystery. At the same time, craft decoration is also very effective in enhancing the solemn atmosphere of religious art, gradually forming the traditional content of religious art, and the application of arts and crafts in religion is more and more extensive, such as material selection, clay, stone carving, wood carving, copper casting, cast iron and so on. And the craft techniques are ever-changing, such as painting and dry paint sculpture. It is even more amazing to depict contemporary works of religious art with advanced craft materials and methods. For example, the Lingyin Copper Hall of Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou is all made of copper, and the architectural technique is no longer a single traditional building block. Carving tiles under the eaves, raising the wings, moving the Buddha's four mountains inward, and integrating the Millennium Zen into the square hall are the pinnacle of infinite performance of arts and crafts in religious applications, so that the audience can truly feel the world of religious culture. This is a model of the combination of art and religion. Thirty-six large bronze sculpture murals of Xi's Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Xuanzang's Seeking the Method, are made of purple and gold, with rich and warm colors and smooth and rigorous lines, which make the connotation of the works reach a high level and are known as the treasures handed down from ancient times in Buddhism. With the progress of science and technology and materials, the application of modern arts and crafts in religion tends to express religious culture and thoughts through comprehensive technology, so as to achieve the best results. The above example is made by etching metal with computer combined with modern photography technology.

The application of arts and crafts in religion, especially in today's increasingly depressed religion, tends to use arts and crafts and advanced technology to maintain its position. Compared with the origin of art, the relationship of attachment seems to be reversed. This is the result of social development and the improvement of people's ideological level. The mature form of arts and crafts makes it more widely used. Today, people are pursuing metaphysical artistic effects, and art tends to be secular. What people miss more is the religious miracle of art created by ancestors in the past. The application of arts and crafts in religion has changed from interdependence at the beginning to unity of opposites at present. It is precisely because there are many similarities between religion and art that in the whole historical development process, religion and art go hand in hand, influence each other, penetrate each other and develop continuously.

3. In people's traditional ideas, Europe in the Middle Ages was the darkest era in human history and the feudal Christian world. Every aspect of European culture has become a handmaid of Christianity. The Middle Ages is a low valley between the peak of ancient western culture and modern culture, full of ignorance and barbarism. Religion restricts the development of science, politics, economy and culture. Modern western culture developed during the struggle with feudal Christian culture. During the Renaissance,

The struggle between modern bourgeoisie and feudal Christianity is a struggle between science and religion, faith and reason, barbarism and civilization, wisdom and ignorance, progress and backwardness.

The book Faith and Reason-The Rise and Fall of Christian Culture in the Middle Ages gives us a unique feeling, which shows us another side of the Middle Ages and urges us to rethink a series of issues about the relationship between religion and science, traditional culture and modernization.

In western medieval and modern society, science and religion did present a fierce conflict, and almost every progress of science was blocked by Christianity. Copernicus' Heliocentrism and Darwin's theory of evolution both experienced a life-and-death struggle with Christianity, and a large number of scientists were sanctioned and punished by the Catholic Inquisition. Galileo was imprisoned for a long time, and Bruno was burned alive in Rome's Flower Square. However, in the Middle Ages in the West, Christianity also had a significant positive impact on the development of culture. "The prosperity of medieval culture is not only manifested in the construction of a huge theological-philosophical system, but also in the restoration of Roman law and the awakening of natural science research. Especially in literature and art, it has made brilliant achievements, not only in a series of glorious chapters of heroic literature and chivalrous literature, but also in the creation of an earth-shattering Gothic building, which made the spiritual and cultural concepts of medieval people reach the peak in visual image art, and the prosperity of Christian culture pushed the spirit of the Middle Ages to the peak.

Western culture in the Middle Ages was a process of seeking rational support by faith, which cultivated westerners' logical thinking and rational spirit. "Modern European culture characterized by rationality and science has never emerged from the ground overnight. On the contrary, it gradually matured in the womb of the Middle Ages. " Whitehead, a modern British philosopher, believes that the educated classes in Europe have been receiving strict and precise logical thinking training for centuries before the Renaissance in Europe. So we can't simply say that the Middle Ages was an anti-rational era.

People always emphasize that capitalist culture developed on the basis of criticizing feudal Christian culture, but ignore that the cultural development of any human nation is continuous rather than intermittent. The formation of modern capitalist culture depends on the criticism of Christian culture, but at the same time, Christian culture also provides a cultural background for the emergence of modern capitalism.