What is the style of impressionist painting and how to appreciate it?

Regarding the cultural connotation of Impressionist painting, choose its essence and describe it as follows:

First of all, painting has changed from objective natural representation to subjective spiritual expression, which embodies the aesthetic concept of impressionist painting independence. Impressionism opposes western classical traditional painting in artistic spirit and emphasizes the creation of artistic forms in the new era; They don't pay much attention to the thematic expression of reality, and suggest that life and objective images should be naturally and casually expressed; They are divorced from the social and educational functions that traditional art pays attention to, from the realistic plot and drama structure of artistic expression, and exclude the narrative literary content. They pay attention to the painter's self-feeling and conscious expression of the real situation, are good at visually and objectively reproducing and describing the living state and existing form of the real situation, and change painting from objective natural reproduction to subjective spiritual expression, so as to cater to the aesthetic needs of emerging citizens and strive to embody the independent aesthetic concept of Impressionist painting.

Impressionism is not against taking nature as a teacher, but only emphasizes "don't lose the first impression you feel". Impressionists believe that "memory" and "imagination" can be "liberated from the bondage of nature". Cezanne also reminded painters to "avoid literary tendency" and exclude narrative literary content from painting. The simplicity and truthfulness of pissarro's Peasant Girl and the agility and vividness of Shepherdess embody "taking nature as a teacher" and describe "my first impression".

The devotion and emotion of degas horse racing, the leisure and chic of riding and walking, and the joy and ecstasy of ballet dancers on the stage are superimposed with "memory" and "imagination" in an attempt to "liberate from the bondage of nature". Cezanne's Curved Tree is open-minded and wild, Bridge over the Mana River is quiet and pure, and Giant Pine on the outskirts of Aix is concise and open-minded, following the "color logic".

Impressionist painters walked out of the traditional artistic tendency with "sociological function" and entered the social life at that time with "independence of painting". Manet's outstanding genre paintings, such as "Coffee Concert Singer in Cafe" and "Foley Baker Tavern", are representative works in this respect. Lautreck, despite his aristocratic background, expressed reality with irony. The nightlife of the upper class in Paris described by him has no elegant and noble life interest, but a degenerate, filthy and deceptive world. The revelry in the hustle and bustle in "His Ball at Moulin Rouge" and the meditation and helplessness of the characters in "Sayoko the Clown" are really painful groans.

Here, we can also understand that Impressionism can't really reverse the "sociological function" in traditional art. Impressionism lives in a society full of contradictions, and even if it repeatedly emphasizes the aesthetic concept of painting independence, it can't really step into "independence" that is divorced from "sociological function".

Second, it pays attention to the integration of light, color, shape, meaning and beauty in painting, which embodies the main characteristics of the combination of impressionist art and optics. Impressionist painting has made a breakthrough in the expression of light and color, seeking form in light and color, eulogizing meaning and beauty in light and color, understanding the dialectical relationship between light, color, shape, meaning and beauty in painting language, introducing flickering sunshine and subtle shadows into the picture, and making painting fresh, bright and full of vitality.

Thirdly, the juxtaposition, overlapping and complementary colors of primary colors form a new impressionist painting language. In order to express the dynamic changes of objects and colorful and bizarre light colors, impressionist painters adopted the method of juxtaposition of small strokes and tones. Some colors are no longer allocated on the palette, but the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue overlap side by side from time to time, and the red, green, yellow, purple, blue and orange complement each other, which makes the colors produce new harmony in the strong visual impact. Impressionism's new "light and color" technique has formed a new painting language, which is refreshing.

Fourthly, "moving the easel outdoors" has become an important painting method of Impressionism. It is not a simple displacement of painting place, but a change of painting method, which changes the traditional western painting method to sketch the scene in the sun and capture and describe the subtle effect of the color of objects in the sun. Renoir likes to sketch models in the outdoor forest, so as to carefully study the green reflection and bright spot effect on the model's body and face. ?

The fifth is to change the traditional western painting, learn from various painting schools, and leave the cultural track of impressionism knocking on the door of modern art in the 20th century. Impressionist artistic thoughts came into being with impressionist painting, which flourished in the surge of impressionist artistic thoughts.

Cultural Portrait of Impressionist Painters

In the evolution of impressionism, new impressionism and post-impressionism, some influential painters appeared, who consciously or unconsciously walked under the banner of impressionism; Although some people do not have the "team consciousness" of Impressionism, their works reveal the artistic style of Impressionism. Although some people participated in the artistic activities of early impressionism, their overall artistic tendency was closer to post-impressionism, or they became the representatives of post-impressionism.

Impressionist painters have their own style and personality, and at the same time they are distinctive and distinctive.

The first is the criticism of artistic thought. Impressionist painting is essentially critical and "rebellious", which is rejected by orthodox salons, and strengthened its "rebellious" because of the rejection, and embarked on the road of exploration more tenaciously. 1874, a group of young painters held their first exhibition under the guise of the studio of the famous photographer Nadal in Paris, which was rejected by the orthodox salon. Up to 1886, Impressionism * * * held eight exhibitions. In the meantime, impressionist painting developed in twists and turns, and impressionist painters gathered and dispersed. However, on the whole, the criticism of impressionist artistic thought is certain.

The second is the originality of the artistic system. Although the representatives of Impressionism still maintained the classical form and general aesthetic concept of painting, they shook the traditional way of painting, loosened the artistic chain with strong inheritance, and created a new artistic system in aesthetic concept, light and color treatment, visual construction and aesthetic taste.

The third is the exploration of artistic spirit. Impressionist painters are always in the process of exploration, starting from exploration, developing in exploration, coming together in exploration, opening up new artistic tracks in exploration, colliding and breaking in exploration, and coming from Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism and Post-Impressionism in exploration to modern art in the 20th century.

Fourth, art treasures gradually dominate. Impressionist painting has a process of being accepted by the world. When the works of impressionist painters were rejected by orthodox salons, their works were left out in the cold, and even the bought works were required to be returned.

The fifth is the reference of artistic techniques.