Representatives of Hakka enclosed houses in Longnan

National key cultural relics protection unit, located in Kansai Village, Kansai Town, longnan county, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, was built in Qing Dynasty with a history of 180 years. Xinwei was founded in the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1798) and completed in the seventh year of Daoguang (A.D. 1827), which lasted for 29 years. Because of its large scale and complete preservation, it is the most well-preserved paddock found at home and abroad at present, and it is the largest paddock with the most complete structure and function among more than 500 existing Hakka paddocks in southern Jiangxi. At present, it is preparing to declare the world cultural heritage, and it is the designated place to visit in the 19 World Hakka Congress.

Kansai New Wai was built between Jiaqing and Daoguang years in Qing Dynasty. It has a history of more than 200 years. It was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous gentleman in Kansai. It took 29 years and covered an area of more than 7,700 square meters. The ancillary facilities supporting the fence exceed 654.38 million square meters. The fence is rectangular, with four towers at four corners. The height of the external wall is 10 meter, and the wall thickness is 1 meter. The winding path in the paddock is secluded, the porch is corniced, and the exquisite style of colored gold and the style outside the paddock form a landscape of "rigid outside and soft inside". The whole building is arranged in five groups, with 14 courtyards in front and back, ancestral hall in the middle, and 18 halls symmetrically divided. The surrounding passages run through all the buildings. /kloc-more than 0/00 houses have scientific layout and rigorous structure, which not only has practical functions such as security defense, wind and earthquake resistance, yin and yang adjustment, warm in winter and cool in summer, but also carries rich Hakka cultural connotations. As one of the national key cultural relics protection units, it is the Hakka paddock with the longest history, the best preservation, the highest building height and the strongest defense function in China. Its postgraduate entrance examination value and sightseeing effect are far superior to other enclosures, and it also retains the local Hakka customs. With the word "swallow wing" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas as the name, the surrounding master expressed the desire of future generations to prosper. The enclosed houses in Yi Yan are tall, solid and beautiful, with four floors14.3m, which is the highest in Gannan. Its outstanding defensive function is also the most distinctive feature of the circular buildings in Yi Yan. The circular house in Yi Yan faces northeast from southwest, with a width of 4 1.5m, a depth of 3 1.8m and an area of1.367m2. The plane is rectangular with a watchtower on the opposite side. It is a square fence with four-story brick and wood structure.

Yi Yan Wai House is the "village fort" of Yangcun. It stands on the high mountain in the northwest of Yangcun, overlooking the whole village and monitoring the bridge head, which is very important to the local area. Yi Yan round house is surrounded by river on three sides, with the gate facing the mountain and sand dunes on the left and right sides. There is also a 15 mu pond in the southeast, and the annual Dragon Boat Festival is very famous here. Founded in the reign of Hongzhi Xinyou (150 1), it was built by Li Qinggong, a famous five-product official in Ming Dynasty, and is the largest Hakka paddock in longnan county. Its shape is Baguawei, with a circumference of 789 meters, an area of 68 mu, a wall thickness of 0.6 meters and two floors. According to the evolution of the Eight Diagrams, there are fenced doors in the east, south, west and north directions, 12 turrets in the four corners, and a fence in the middle. The enclosed buildings are large in scale, with different styles and scientific layout of living facilities. The main building layout in the paddock is centered on "one temple and three halls". After 507 years, Jiga ancestral hall is resplendent and magnificent, with carved beams and painted buildings. The colorful historical story paintings clearly visible at the top of the hall prove its strong cultural atmosphere and long human history.

Li Yuanwei not only has the defensive function of Hakka enclosed houses, but also builds houses according to the principle of geomantic omen, which enhances the functions of production, leisure and culture. There is a fish pond in front of Juruitang, with an area of 6.6 mu, which embodies the humanistic characteristics of Hakka people's diligent production, emphasis on culture, education and development. It is a rare gossip-style paddock in Hakka paddock, and its magnificent architectural scale and heavy human history make it a bright pearl in Gannan Hakka paddock. Wushiwei in Yangcun is a typical enclosed house with a round front and a round back. CCTV has filmed many programs reflecting the life of Hakkas in this closed house, and now it attracts countless tourists from home and abroad to visit here. Hakka Wine Castle is located in Yuzaitan, Xinli Village, Liren Town, which is 10 km away from the county seat. There are 28 households named Li and Li in Yuzaitan, with a population of 153. It is an original ecological ancient village with a history of more than 300 years. Tan Wei was built in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, with a history of 200 years. It was built after the ancestors of the Li family planted indigo room, a raw material for dyeing cloth, and became rich. The paddock is 55 meters long from north to south and 45 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 2,475 square meters. There are three floors, 126 rooms and four turrets. The paddock is surrounded by gun holes, and the food and rice wine needed by residents for three months are stored all the year round. It is a typical defensive Hakka paddock.

During the period from Daoguang to Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, there were three Li clansmen who were admitted to Jinshi successively. It is said that they are all very literary, like to drink, and are highly respected by their people. The wine culture in Yuzaitan has a profound historical background. Up to now, every household has retained the traditional custom of making wine. Relying on the beautiful original ecological environment and Hakka's hospitable drinking culture, Yuzaitan has built five functional areas around three major themes: wine culture display, wine tasting, traditional wine-making technology display, tourism service and artistic creation. Through the development of Hakka rice wine and farmhouse music industry, farmers' tourism income has been increased, and it has become a "Hakka wine castle" integrating tasting, collection, artistic creation, display and trading and tourism. After the completion of the wine castle, the Hakka cultural tourism resources will be activated with wine as the medium and friends at the reception, and the cultural added value of Hakka enclosed houses will be enhanced, so that Yuzaitan will become a bright pearl of Hakka enclosed houses in China. Shabawei is located at Longguan Road at Longnan County 12.5km. This is a small closed house in Ren Zhen, longnan county, with strict structure and beautiful appearance. Because there is no bungalow field around the enclosed house, it stands out from the crowd and attracts attention.

This paddock was built during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and everyone was surnamed Li. The ancestors of the enclosure moved in from Liren Suyuan. Up to now, there have been 14 generations. The enclosed houses are small, with only a dozen households, 100 people.

This closed square building structure. There are four three-story turrets in the four corners of the enclosure, and all the HOS houses are on the second floor. The length and width are all about 30 meters. On the left side of the gate is a room leading to the basement tunnel and turret. There are three HOS houses on the right, 1 turret. There are 6 HOS units in the left and right buildings, and 5 in the back building. In the middle of the house, there is only a small hall. The rest are yards.

The enclosed house faces south, with green hills on its back, Leifeng Mountain in the south and a river in front. Just like this, every year when the spring water is at high tide, the old people, children and women around the sandbar can sit in the Ping Zi in front of the paddock gate and chat and watch the flood. The men stood by the river to see if there were firewood and bamboo dripping on the river. According to the old man, in the past, they didn't need to go up the mountain to cut wood. It is enough to burn firewood for one year every year. At the same time, you can also pick up a lot of wood and increase your economic income.

The left side of the gate is low-lying, and the basement and tunnel were built on the left side of the gate according to local conditions. The basement and defense tunnel on the left side are about one floor high, just flush with the inner floor and other floors of the closed house. The basement and walls are covered with gun holes, which can be both defensive and ventilated. The basement is also used as a pigsty and cowshed for enclosure people, which is beneficial to the environmental sanitation of enclosure. Built in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, the local people called this kind of closed house stone enclosure. In fact, as early as when the paddock was built, our ancestors had already embedded a stone tablet named "Longguangwei" in block letters on the lintel of the gate. The whole area of Longguangwei is called Tan, which was moved from the local old house. It once lived in 124 households 124 people, and it has gone through 9 generations.

In ancient times, closed houses were generally built with blue bricks or pebbles, mud bricks or rammed walls. It is also one of the few enclosed houses built with strips of stone in southern Jiangxi. This paddock is located in Xiazuokeng, Qingyuan Village, Taojiang Township, longnan county, and it is 0/5km away from the county seat/kloc-.It is all a path that goes over mountains and mountains (now it is a cement road from the county seat to Qingyuan). If the fence is made of blue bricks, there will be candidates and the investment will be large. In Zuokeng, there happens to be a stone mountain with high quality. Tan Dexing kills two birds with one stone with local materials, solid enclosure and less investment. This move is also a brilliant move by the ancestor of enclosure.

Longguang sits west facing east, with a width of 52.6 meters and a depth of 47.7 meters. There are four four-story turrets in the four corners of the paddock, which is particularly majestic.

The surrounding external walls, that is, the wall height10m, are all made of rectangular granite with a length of1.6m and a width of 0.3m.. The house close to the outer wall is three stories, and the enclosure, corridor and turret are connected layer by layer. The house is built against the outer wall and has 64 rooms. There is a gate and a small gate in the paddock. The gate faces the center of the hall. The gate is 2 meters wide and 3 meters high, and the top of the gate is half-moon. This door is a triple door. Outer door leaf 10 cm thick, nailed with iron sheet. The two floors inside are wooden doors, with horizontal bars, buckles and bars, which are extremely reliable. The lintel is provided with water injection holes. There is a small door on the right side of the enclosure, with a width of 1.2m and a height of 2.5m The door leaf is covered with iron sheets.

The hall building with two entrances, divided into upper hall and lower hall, is carved with beams and painted with buildings, and the building technology is exquisite.

Next to the enclosure, there are two Bixi streams with a width of 8 meters. These streams branch from the pit on the left and surround the fence foot on the left side of the fence and the front door of the fence. Like protecting rivers. Behind it are terraced fields that extend to the foot of the green hill. Green mountains are stacked, clear water is colorful, terraces are stacked one after another, and Longguangwei is like a "paradise". Located in wushi village, Yangcun, also known as Panshiwei, it was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 390 years. The semicircles before and after the paddock are unique and precious among Hakka paddocks with different styles. Wushiwei covers an area of about 4500 square meters. The front length of the paddock is about 60 meters, and the circular bottom of the rear paddock is about 70 meters long. The fence is about 8 meters high and is divided into 2-3 floors. The front and rear corners of the paddock are symmetrical, and a square turret with a height of 15 meters is built. There are many holes and holes on the four walls of the turret. The enclosure is strong and abnormal, and its defense ability is strong.

There are three doors in the shell. The gate is located in the middle of the front of the paddock. There is a beautifully carved stone drum on both sides of the gate, and a stone lion is carved on both sides of the stone drum, indicating that the paddock was once the residence of an official. The entrance gate is a three-in-one hall, which is a public place for local Hakka activities. On both sides of the main hall are six quadrangles consisting of six two-story houses, six six six six six six rooms and three spacious halls, which are spectacular square buildings. This is the core building of Wushiwei. The square hall group building is surrounded by semi-circular peripheral houses composed of 62 houses. The corridor facing the second floor of the hall is made of wooden boards into a U-shaped passage, which echoes each other. On the outward wall, there are many deep and dark blastholes and blastholes distributed from top to bottom, which together with the turrets at the front and both sides of the enclosure form a fire net to resist foreign invasion.

There is a well on the left side of the back semicircle of Wushiwei for the paddock to live in. For more than 300 years, the clear and cool well water has nourished generations of Hakka descendants in closed houses, and people still drink the water from this ancient well.

Bushiwei has exquisite building materials and fine workmanship. Exquisite carvings and colorful gallery murals are everywhere in the paddock, which shows the superb architectural skills of Hakka people and is full of strong Hakka cultural charm.