Regarding the creative industrial park, I want to know its appearance, formation and development in the world. In addition, relevant domestic detailed information is needed.

Overview of the development of creative industries abroad

Since the cultural and creative industries were put forward as a new industrial concept in 1990s, many countries, especially economically developed countries and regions, have attached great importance to it, formulated and implemented a series of development strategies and policies for cultural and creative industries, and the important role of cultural and creative industries in national economic and social development has gradually emerged.

I. Overview of the development of cultural and creative industries in the world

Cultural and creative industries have become an important driving force for the economic development of a country or region. According to incomplete statistics, the global cultural and creative industries create an output value of $22 billion every day, increasing at a rate of about 5%, and some countries are growing faster, with the United States accounting for 14% and the United Kingdom accounting for 12%. Especially in Britain, the United States, Australia, South Korea, Denmark, the Netherlands, Singapore and other developed countries and regions, cultural and creative industries have formed their own characteristics and produced huge economic benefits. Cultural and creative industries have become an important force leading the national industrial innovation and development.

1. Britain: the benchmark of international cultural and creative industries

Britain is the first country in the world to put forward "creative industry". 1997, Britain gave key policy support to cultural and creative industries as an important national industry, and established the British "Creative Industries Task Force", proposing that cultural and creative industries should be the focus of British economic revitalization. 1998, The Path Document of British Creative Industry, put forward the concept of "Creative Industry" more clearly.

At present, the cultural and creative industry is not only the second largest industry in Britain after financial services, but also the industry with the largest number of employees in Britain. British cultural and creative industries play a benchmark role in the world. In 2000, there were about 6.5438+0.22 million creative industry companies in Britain, accounting for about 7.6% of the total number of enterprises. The number of people employed in creative industries is 6.5438+0.95 million, ranking first in all industries. From 1997 to 2000, the growth rate of cultural and creative industries reached 9%, much higher than the economic growth rate of 2.8% in the same period. In 200 1 year, the output value of cultural and creative industries was11200 million pounds, accounting for 8.2% of GDP, and the export value was as high as 103 billion pounds. It is the second largest producer of creative products in the world after the United States, and the cultural and creative industries have become the fastest-growing pillar industries in Britain.

Figure 1 Industry composition of output value of British cultural and creative industries

In promoting the development of cultural and creative industries, the main measures taken by the British government include: gradually strengthening the mechanism construction in organizational management, talent training, financial support, production and operation, and implementing systematic support for the research, development, production, distribution and export of cultural products; When enterprises face financial difficulties, guide relevant enterprises or individuals how to obtain investment assistance from financial institutions or government departments; Gradually promote the perfect financial support system for creative industries, and provide financial support for cultural and creative industries by encouraging investment, setting up risk funds and providing loans. British creative industry policy is the most complete cultural industry policy in the world at present.

2. America: Copyright industry has become the most dynamic industry.

In the United States, cultural and creative industries are called "copyright industries" and are divided into four categories, namely, core copyright industries, cross-copyright industries, partial copyright industries and marginal supporting industries. Core copyright industries include publishing and literature, music, drama production, opera, film and video, radio and television, photography, software and database, visual arts and painting arts, and advertising services. Cross-copyright industries include televisions, radios, video recorders, CDs, tape recorders, electronic game equipment and other related equipment; Some copyright industries include clothing, textiles and footwear, jewelry and coins, furniture, porcelain, toys and games, architecture, engineering, interior design, museums and so on. Marginal auxiliary industries refer to industries that serve the promotion, dissemination and sales of works or other articles protected by copyright.

The United States is the most developed country in the world, and the copyright industry has become the largest and most dynamic industry in the United States today, bringing huge economic benefits. In 2002, the output value of American copyright industry reached US$ 654.38 +0.25 trillion, accounting for about 654.38+0.2% of American GDP. Since 1996, copyright products have surpassed other traditional industries such as automobiles, agriculture and aerospace for the first time, becoming the largest export products in the United States, with the export value of core copyright industries reaching 601800,000 US dollars. In particular, the film and television industry and software industry in the United States have developed rapidly and have obvious advantages in the international market. The United States is the most developed country in the world's film industry. The total annual sales of American film market is as high as $654.38+07 billion, accounting for 85% of the global share. Mickey Mouse and Snoopy alone earn more than $50 billion a year. The United States is also a software power that dominates the world, accounting for about two-thirds of global software sales and almost monopolizing the global operating system and database market. The continuous growth of American copyright industry in export, value-added and employment has consolidated its position as a pillar industry of American economic development.

3. South Korea: The strategy of "designing South Korea" promotes the development of cultural and creative industries.

1997 the Asian financial crisis prompted the Korean government to start reforms and put forward the strategy of "designing Korea", taking cultural and creative industries as one of the most important industries in the 2 1 century. In order to promote the development of cultural and creative industries, the Korean government has also established the Cultural Industry Bureau, and passed the Cultural Industry Revitalization Law on 1999, explicitly encouraging the development of industries such as culture, entertainment and content. Establish a cultural industry promotion institute as an auxiliary organization to help transform cultural creative content into cultural products. The cultural industry fund increased from 54.9 billion won in that year to 232.9 billion won in 2002, a fourfold increase in four years.

With the strong support of the government, South Korea's cultural and creative industries have developed rapidly, and the game software industry has doubled in the four years of 1998-200 1. In the six years from 1995 to 200 1, the movie export has increased nearly 50 times. In particular, the digital content industry has surpassed the traditional automobile industry and become the largest industry in Korea. In 2005, the market scale of Korean game industry reached 4.3 billion dollars, among which online games have become the dominant game market. At present, South Korea accounts for 5.3% of the world game market, including online games 3 1.4%, mobile games 13.3%, PC games 2.3% and TV games 1%.

In addition, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand and other countries are also model countries for the development of cultural and creative industries. In 2000, the total output value of Australian copyright industry reached US$ 654.38+09.2 billion, accounting for 3.3% of GDP, with an annual growth rate of 5.7%, which was higher than the economic growth rate of 4.85% in the same period. The total output value of cultural and creative industries in Singapore in 2000 was about S $5 billion, accounting for 3.2% of GDP. From 1986 to 2000, the average annual growth rate of creative industries in Singapore was 17.2%, which was higher than the GDP growth rate of 10.5% in the same period. By integrating the creative departments of related industries, New Zealand proposes to vigorously develop advertising, software and information services, publishing, film and video, design and other 10 cultural and creative industries. In 2006, the output value of New Zealand's cultural and creative industries was about $3.526 billion, accounting for 3. 1% of GDP.

Second, the core elements of the development of cultural and creative industries in various countries

Cultural creative industry is an activity that originates from individual creativity, skills and talents, and its essence lies in "innovation", but this innovative activity needs the support of three core elements to realize industrial development.

1. Cultural concept

Modern economy is not only an economic form, but also a cultural phenomenon. In economic development, the formation and development of characteristic economic advantages depend on the expansion and guidance of cultural knowledge. The development of cultural and creative industries is inseparable from culture, and cultural creativity is the soul of developing cultural and creative industries. Cultural and creative industries originate from culture and are higher than culture. It is the creative development and utilization of cultural resources and cultural ideas, and the deep excavation and expansion of the penetration of culture into social and economic development. Only when creative industries are integrated with cultural concepts can they be tasteful, valuable and competitive. Taking Hollywood movies as an example, it has become the world's film hegemon since the 1920s. While promoting the development of national film and television industry, it has also spread American-style fashion, style, ideological value and cultural concept to all parts of the world, which has had different degrees of influence on movies and film culture in all countries of the world. Statistics show that Hollywood movies account for 92.3% of the current world movie market share, and American cinemas show about 450 to 500 movies every year. The annual output value of the film industry is about 40 billion US dollars.

2. Scientific and technological support

The cultural and creative industry with information and network technology as the main carrier is the product of the high integration of technology and culture in the era of great development of science and technology. They emphasize that the value of industry comes from the creativity stimulated by cultural accumulation and scientific and technological development, and attach importance to the transformation of creativity into intellectual property achievements. Scientific and technological innovation is the foundation of the development of cultural and creative industries, which plays an important role in supporting and guaranteeing the development of cultural and creative industries. For example, Flash animation in online games is developed on the basis of the close combination of graphics technology, simulation technology and network technology. The development of cultural and creative industries must rely on the development of modern science and technology, constantly use modern science and technology and advanced practical technology to enhance the internal tension and external communication power of cultural and creative industries, accelerate the application of modern information technologies such as digital and network in the creation, production and dissemination of cultural products, and strengthen the high integration of science and technology with cultural and creative products.

3. Business model

The products and services of cultural and creative industries are different from traditional manufacturing products, and their business operation mode is also different from tradition. They no longer focus on manufacturing, but pay more attention to creative activities, publicity activities and new marketing operation modes. American Disney Company is a successful business operation mode in the development of cultural and creative industries. Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, two cartoon images created by Walter Disney, first became popular in film and television, and then entered entertainment, clothing, toys and other industries, forming a complete animation industry chain and creating a huge multinational group, whose industrial scale and profits rank among the top global 10 enterprises. Disneyland in the United States gives the world a brand-new business concept of "creativity+technology+capital", that is, based on extraordinary creativity, it transforms creativity into products through scientific and technological means, and then expands the global market by relying on a highly industrialized operation mode.

China creative industrial zone

Creative industrial park is the carrier of industrial agglomeration, mainly composed of cultural and creative design-related enterprises, enterprises providing high-tech technical support (such as digital network technology), international planning and promotion, information consulting and other intermediary institutions; There are also enterprises engaged in the production of cultural and creative products and brokerage companies with rich cultural management experience. This interconnected enterprise cluster constitutes a three-dimensional, multi-interwoven industrial chain ring, which is of practical significance for improving innovation ability and economic benefits. At present, the creative industrial park built by administrative division or industrial division will be affected by the traditional interest pattern and resource allocation, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal combination of elements and industrial deepening.

After industrialization, most big cities regard the development of creative industries as an important strategic measure to catalyze economic transformation. Creative industry is not only a development concept, but also a reality with great economic and social benefits. Only by promoting the transformation of creative achievements into commercial resources, infiltrating into traditional industries and integrating and extending the industrial chain can we fully obtain the benefits of creative industries.

The core of developing creative industries is to build creative industrial chain, and expand it as far as possible to form a scale and obtain the greatest economic benefits. In order to lead the country and catch up with western countries in a short time, we must build a number of complete creative industrial chains that conform to market rules and cultivate a number of competitive creative industrial clusters around the industrial chains.

For example, on the basis of the existing creative industry clusters, Shanghai should strengthen the coordination between regions and industries, proceed from perfecting the creative industry chain and optimizing the allocation of resources, carry out planning and integration, and explore the establishment of several creative industry parks with reasonable functional positioning and obvious characteristics. For example, Shanghai Zhangjiang Cultural, Technological and Creative Industry Base, relying on Pudong Software Park, takes advanced scientific and technological level, diverse artistic forms, healthy cultural content and modernization of industrial functions as the main line of development, and strives to create a cultural, technological and creative industry that closely combines culture with high technology, embodying five functions of "research and development, training, incubation, display and trading". Therefore, we can take Zhangjiang Cultural, Technological and Creative Industry Base as the leader, integrate animation, online games, multimedia content industry and film and television post-production industry, strengthen cooperation, * * * create the brand of "Shanghai Cultural, Technological and Creative Industry Base", form advantages and achieve * * * win-win.

In addition, the Asian Innovation and Creative Industry Park with a total investment of US$ 65.438+02 billion and an area of 654.38+0300 mu is located in Pukou, Nanjing. The main construction projects of the first "compound" creative industrial park in China include software park, exhibition hall, education and training center, creative commodity pedestrian street, theme park and related services. After the completion of the industrial park, it will focus on five aspects: digital animation, audio-visual entertainment, market operation, media integration and personnel training, and introduce 150 excellent enterprises including animation planning and production in batches. As the core industrial format of modern service industry, cultural and creative industries have great guiding power in promoting industrial structure adjustment and industrial upgrading, and are also an important part of the strategy of building an innovative country. International experience shows that cities with a per capita GDP of more than 3,000 US dollars, a large number of intermediary organizations, developed service industries and dense academic and artistic institutions such as universities are all suitable for developing creative industries.

China's creative industrial parks are usually clustered in cities with developed economies and concentrated talents such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Han, Hangzhou, Xi 'an and Wuxi. Creative industrial park is becoming the carrier of industrial agglomeration, and its main types of enterprises include: enterprises engaged in cultural and creative services, enterprises providing high-tech support, international planning and promotion, information consulting and other intermediary institutions; In addition, it also includes some cultural and creative product manufacturers and brokerage companies with rich cultural management experience. This interconnected enterprise cluster has formed a three-dimensional and diversified industrial chain ring, which is of practical significance to improve the innovation ability of enterprises and regional economic benefits.

At present, the governments of the cities where creative industrial parks are located mostly support local creative industries through financial support, preferential policies and strengthening copyright protection. For example, since 2006, Beijing has set up two special funds: one is to invest 500 million yuan each year to support the development of cultural and creative industries; Second, invest 500 million yuan in three years to support the infrastructure development of cultural and creative industry clusters; Shanghai, on the other hand, pays attention to industrial layout and characteristics, and builds scattered parks into industrial clusters with outstanding advantages, making them a bright spot in the urban economy; In September 2006, the Management Committee of Chongqing Hi-tech Development Zone launched more than 20 measures to support the development of creative industries. Since 2007, a special fund of 654.38 billion yuan has been arranged every year to build a creative industry base.

With the support of local governments, creative industrial parks have mushroomed, laying the foundation for the rapid growth of cultural and creative industries. Take Beijing DRC Industrial Design Creative Industry Base as an example, which is jointly built by Beijing Science and Technology Commission and Xicheng District Government. By transforming the old factory building, we will complete the construction of scientific and technological conditions platform and public service platform, build a support system, and provide key design technical services such as mold model manufacturing, reverse engineering analysis, material selection and rapid printing. At present, there are 5 1 company incubating, and the operating income in 2006 was more than 0.2 billion yuan/kloc-0. Relying on the conditional platform built by DRC base, design institutions at all levels in China actively carried out the selection of "China Red Star Award for Innovative Design" and organized a number of industrial development promotion activities such as international exchange and training of design talents.