Urgent! Looking for appreciation of Tang poetry

Han Liuzhen

Pine trees on Pavilion Hill, (2)

A stroke in the valley. ③

When the wind blows,

How hard are the pine branches?

Frost is painful,

Always straight at the end of the year.

Don't you feel cold? ④

Pine and cypress have sex.

author

? -2 17, a word merchant, was born in Dongping (now Dongping County, Shandong Province). Liu's style was strong and he did not emphasize carving.

Cao Pi once praised his five-character poems as "wonderful", but his works are rarely circulated, with only fifteen poems left.

To annotate ...

(1) Liu Zhen has three poems, "Give to My Brother", all of which are used in Bixing. This is the second song, and the author uses the metaphor of pine and cypress to encourage.

His cousin is loyal and self-controlled and does not change his nature because of external oppression. 2 Pavilion: High appearance. (3) se se:

The wind. 4 suffering: suffering. Condensed cold: severe cold.

judge

This is a poem about objects. The poet closely described the characteristics of pine and cypress, such as cold tolerance and lush foliage.

He wrote about the noble spirit of pines and cypresses, and successfully expressed his praise and praise for the noble spirit by chanting pines and cypresses.

Pursuit. The whole poem is vigorous in style, solid in language and simple and vigorous in spirit. As the poem says, "When the wind blows, it becomes loose."

How strong is the branch? "The repetition of sentence patterns highlights the confrontation between Jin Feng and Jin Song, and the tone is tight, powerful and poetic.

The shock just illustrates the characteristics of this poem. The whole poem is clear and natural. Especially the ending.

The second sentence, asking questions with function words, leads to the main idea of the whole article, which can be said to be well-known.

Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.

Bo Wang

Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.

We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.

After all, the world is just a small place.

If you don't do anything wrong, the child will get wet with towels.

Appreciation of Shu's Farewell to Du DuDu

Parting is a common theme in ancient poetry. The traffic was inconvenient in ancient times. Once separated, it is difficult to meet again, and even communication is not an easy task. Therefore, in these farewell poems or other poems left behind, it is inevitable that they will be stained with sadness and sadness. In Jiang Yan's Beppu, the so-called "those who forget themselves just leave" was indeed true in ancient times. However, we cannot generalize. Other poems written by the ancients also have bright and optimistic works. The famous poem "Farewell Du to Shu" by the poet in the early Tang Dynasty is such a good poem.

Wang Bo, Zi 'an, is from Longmen, Jiangzhou. 14 years old, he should be mentioned. He became the master of a dynasty's prose, Lang He, but he was soon demoted. So he lived in Shu, once served as a soldier and committed a capital crime. Fortunately, he was pardoned, but his office was lost. His father was dragged down by him and reduced to a toe order. He crossed the ocean to visit relatives, but unfortunately he drowned. Only 25 years old.

Farewell to the viceroy to Shu was written by him when he was in Chang 'an. "Shaofu" is a general term for county commandant in Tang Dynasty. The name of this shaofu is Du, and he is going to take office in Sichuan. Wang Bo gave this poem to him in Chang 'an.

"Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river." The first two sentences point out the place of farewell and the whereabouts of pedestrians respectively. "City Que" refers to the capital Chang 'an, and Que is the watchtower on both sides of the palace gate. "Sanqin" refers to the vicinity of Chang 'an. After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, he divided the original territory of Qin into three kingdoms: Yong, Sai and Zhai, and made three generals of Qin king, which was called "Sanqin" in history. "Surrounding Sanqin District by this wall" means that the capital Chang 'an is surrounded by Sanqin. "Wujin" is where Du Shaofu is going. Sichuan Minjiang River has five ferries from guanxian to Qianwei, such as Baihuajin and Wan Li Tianjin, which are called "Wujin". Chang 'an is the place where the poet and Du Shaofu parted, and the castle and palace are magnificent and vivid. Du Shaofu leave here, nature is reluctant to go. What about Zhou Shu? Thousands of miles away, it's foggy, and at first glance, it's hard to avoid some melancholy. These two sentences set off the farewell feeling between the traveler and the sender by comparing the scenery near and far.

This friend, named Du, worked as a small official like a county commandant in Beijing, and came to office thousands of miles away. I'm afraid he is a very frustrated intellectual. Wang Bo himself is not proud of being an official. When they go out of Beijing and look at Wujin, their feelings will naturally communicate with each other. "We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials ran counter to each other." These two poems wrote the feelings between two people. The general idea of these two sentences is: you and I are both people who travel far to be officials. You go to Zhou Shu, and I'll stay in Chang 'an. Although going and staying are different, the meaning of farewell at this moment is the same! These two sentences show sincere feelings, sincere attitude, and a caring tone. They are naturally revealed between the lines and are very touching.

Five or six sentences suddenly turned the pen and comforted the friend who was about to travel: "However, as long as China maintains our friendship, heaven will still be our neighbor." It means: after we broke up, although we live far apart, we don't have to be sad. There are intimate friends in the sea, even if they are far away, they are like close neighbors. The last two sentences go one step further and say, "It's wrong to do nothing. The child is wet with a towel." It means, don't be sad because of parting on the way, just like those young men and women, don't want Lacrimosa. The above four sentences are from Wang Biao on a White Horse by Cao Zhi. When Cao Zhi and his younger brother Cao Pi separated, they wrote: "The husband is full of ambitions, and Wan Li is still close." He also said: "Worry has become a disease, and nothing is a child's benevolence!" But Wang Bo's poems are more concise and vivid.

Farewell to Lieutenant Du to Shu is a well-known poem, especially "However, China has our friendship and heaven is still our neighbor", which is often quoted by people. This poem is optimistic and cheerful, without the usual sadness and sadness of farewell poems. I think this is an important reason for its popularity. Its mood is consistent with the economic and cultural prosperity in the early Tang Dynasty and the spirit of the times of the rise and development of feudal society.

Simplicity is the artistic feature of this poem, and it is also its advantage. From the Qi and Liang Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, the flashy and gorgeous poetic style has always occupied the dominant position in the poetic world. Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo and others reversed the poetic style of Qi Liang and created a new atmosphere of poetry creation. Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo, also known as the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, have an important position in the history of China literature. Du Fu said in Six Poems: "Wang Yang was thin and light at that time. Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " Du Fu said that those who laugh at the "Four Masters" can only "die with their names", while the "Four Masters" are like rivers flowing forever, and their good names will never die out. Du Fu's admiration for the "Four Masters" is not excessive. Take Wang Bo's poems as an example. Instead of piling up words and allusions, it expresses a magnificent mind in simple language. However, there are warnings in simplicity and consideration for friends in rhetoric, which is by no means smooth and boring. The poet should comfort Du Shaofu and persuade him not to be too sentimental. However, he didn't persuade him as soon as he came up, but first used the description of the environment to set off his farewell mood, indicating that he was an official traveler like him, so he could best understand his feelings of leaving his relatives and friends to seek an official position. Then, it goes on to say that high mountains and flowing waters can't stop the spiritual and emotional communication between intimate friends. "However, when China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor" becomes the warning of the whole article. It was not until the end that someone advised him not to be too sad when he broke up. How tactful it is to write like this! Du Shaofu will feel kind, and his lingering feelings will be untied.

Youzhou tower

Don Chen Ziang

Where were those lost times before me? ,

Behind me, where is the next generation? .

I think of heaven and earth, with no limit and no end.

I was alone, and my tears fell.

translate

Before meeting the sage, after meeting the wise master. Thinking of the vast universe, I shed tears sadly.

About the author: Chen Ziang (66 1-702) is from Apollo. Little Ren Xia. His poetry is a pioneer of poetry innovation in the Tang Dynasty, highlighting the style of Han and Wei dynasties, emphasizing honor and restraining softness. This is Chen Ziang.

Note: Youzhoutai, also known as Yantai, is a Huang Jintai built by Yan Zhaowang to attract talents, so it is located in Daxing County, Beijing. Youyou: endless meaning. Sadness: a sad expression. Snuff: tears.

In 696 AD, the Khitan captured Yingzhou, and Chen Ziang was ordered to go to war. The general who leads the troops is a straw bag, and he has lost several battles in succession. Chen Ziang made many suggestions, but they were not adopted. Seeing that the good policy of serving the country cannot be realized. One day, he boarded Youzhou Taiwan and remembered Yan Zhaowang, who was widely recruited during the Warring States Period. He was so angry that he wrote this song "On Youzhou Tower". The poet felt that life was short and the universe was infinite, and shed tears unconsciously. This is a cry that poets can't show if they serve the country and the people. Under close reading, the tragic and desolate spirit arises spontaneously, and the uneven syntax and cadence syllables add artistic appeal.

Send Yuan Er anxi:

This is a poem to send a friend to the northwest frontier. Anxi, the abbreviation of Anxi Duhu, was established by the central government of the Tang Dynasty to govern the western regions, located in Qiuci City (now Kuqa, Xinjiang). The friend named Yuan went to Anxi on the orders of the imperial court. In the Tang Dynasty, most people who traveled westward from Chang 'an saw them off in Weicheng. Weicheng is the old city of Xianyang, Qin Dou, in the northwest of Chang 'an, on the north bank of Weishui.

Write the time, place and atmosphere of farewell in the first two sentences. In the morning, the Acropolis Guest House extends from east to west, and the postal road has no end. Willow trees surround the guest house and the postal road is on both sides. All this seems to be a common sight, but it is picturesque and picturesque. Yu Chao plays an important role here. The rain didn't last long in the morning, but it stopped as soon as it got wet. On the main road from Chang 'an West, cars and horses usually cross and the dust is flying, but now the rain has suddenly stopped, the weather is fine and the road looks clean and refreshing. The word "light dust" means wet, and it is used in a measured way here, indicating that the rain is clear and the dust is not wet, just right, just like God's will, and a light dust road is specially arranged for people who travel far away. Hostel is originally the companion of travelers; Willow is a symbol of parting. Having chosen these two things, I naturally intend to end my farewell. They are usually associated with sadness and hatred, showing a feeling of ecstasy. However, today, because of a shower of morning rain, there is a clear and fresh look-"the guest house is green and willow is new." On weekdays, the roads are dusty, and the color of willows on the roadside is inevitably shrouded in gray dust and fog. It takes a rain to wash its green color again, so "new" is because of the new willow color, which reflects the green guest house. In a word, from clear skies to clean roads, from green guest houses to green willows, a picture with fresh and clear colors has been formed, which provides a typical natural environment for this farewell. This is a affectionate parting, but it is not a sad parting. Instead, it reveals a light and hopeful mood. Words such as "light dust", "green" and "new" have soft and lively voices, which strengthen readers' feelings.

There are strict restrictions on the length of quatrains. This poem, about how to hold a farewell banquet, how to raise glasses frequently at the banquet, how to say goodbye euphemistically, how to be reluctant to part with it, how to look forward and backward after boarding the ship, etc., was all given up, and only the host's toast was cut at the end of the farewell banquet: if you drink this cup again, you will never see your old friend again when you leave Yangguan. The poet, like a clever photographer, took the most expressive photos. The banquet lasted for a long time, and the wine full of special feelings was drunk too much. The words of polite farewell were repeated many times. The time for friends to go on the road is finally coming, and the feelings of farewell between host and guest have reached its peak at this moment. The toast that the host seems to blurt out is the concentrated expression of the strong and profound farewell feeling at this moment.

Three or four sentences are a whole. If you want to deeply understand the deep feelings contained in this parting exhortation, you can't help but involve "going to the West to get through Yangguan". Yangguan, located at the western end of Hexi Corridor, is opposite to Yumenguan in the north. Since the Han dynasty, it has been the channel for the mainland to go out of the western regions. The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, and there were frequent exchanges between the mainland and the western regions. Joining the army or going to Yangguan is a desirable feat in the eyes of the prosperous Tang people. But at that time, the western part of Yangguan was still poor and barren, and the scenery was very different from that of the mainland. Although it is a feat, my friend's "going out to the west" can't help but go through the long March and prepare for the hardships and loneliness of going alone. Therefore, when he left, "advise you to drink more wine" was like a cup of nectar full of rich emotions, which soaked all the rich and profound friendship of the poet. There are feelings of parting, deep consideration for the situation and mood of travelers, and cordial wishes for cherishing the road ahead. For the farewell party, persuading the other party to "have more drinks" is not only to let friends take away more friendship, but also to delay the breakup intentionally or unintentionally and let the other party stay for a moment. Does the feeling of "going out of Xiyangguan for no reason" belong only to walkers? Parting, I have a lot to say, but I don't know where to start at the moment. On this occasion, there is often silence. "Advise you to drink more wine" is a way to unconsciously break this silence and express the rich and complicated feelings at the moment. What the poet has not said is much richer than what he has said. In short, although three or four sentences are only moments, they are extremely rich moments.

This poem describes the most common parting. It has no special background, but it has its own deep feelings of farewell, which is suitable for most people to sing outside the banquet. Later, it was compiled into Yuefu and became the most widely circulated and longest-lasting song.

Shu Yun, seeing off the school book (the one who abandoned me) at Xie Tiao Building in Xuanzhou.

Tang and Five Dynasties? Lipper

Since yesterday, I have to leave Bolt and me behind.

It hurts my heart even more today.

Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.

The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.

We are all lofty distant thoughts, longing for the sky and the bright moon.

But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine.

Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.

Precautions:

Xuanzhou: Xuancheng County, Anhui Province today. Xie Tiao Building: Also known as Xiegong Building and North Building. Textbook: official name, short for Textbook Lang. Yun: Li Yun. Penglai: refers to the oriental view of books collected during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Jian 'an Bone refers to the vigorous and fresh style of the works of Cao Cao's father and son and the seven sons of Jian 'an during the Jian 'an period of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, which was called "Jian 'an Style" by later generations.

Brief analysis:

The focus of this poem is not to write the feelings of parting, but mainly to express the feelings and grievances that one's ideals and ambitions cannot be realized. The whole poem is gloomy and unrestrained, and almost every sentence is the essence, which is one of the representative works of Li Bai's poetry.

Li Bai traveled to Xuanzhou in Tianbao for 12 years, and happened to meet Li Hua, who came to Xuancheng for business, as a supervisor, and * * * boarded the Xie Tiao Building, so he wrote this poem. The poem expresses the depressed mood of wasting time and serving the country. By praising Penglai's articles, Jian 'an style and Xie Tiao's poems, an idealized spiritual paradigm is outlined in the depths of history. In contrast to the current situation of anxiety, it has aroused the peak of emotional conflict that cannot be resolved, like "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness is back, although we drown it with wine". In addition, the artistic structure of time interspersed in the poem strengthens the emotional expression effect of ups and downs. The temporal characteristics of "yesterday" and "today" are measured by "abandoning me" and "confusing me", especially showing the self-centered position.