20 18 special astronomical timetable 20 18 forecast of important astronomical wonders

Astronomical phenomena are the general names of various natural phenomena in the sky by ancient astrologers in China. Modern times usually refer to phenomena that occur outside the earth's atmosphere. Such as the sun, planetary movements, changes in the sun and the moon, comets, meteors, meteor showers, meteorites, eclipses, auroras, nova, supernovae, moon occultation, sunspots and so on.

What are the astronomical phenomena that can't be ignored in 20 18

1. 1.2, maximum full moon.

In 20 18 years, the total number of full moons is *** 13. On this day, the distance from the moon to the earth is less than 357,000 kilometers, which is about 7% closer than the average distance. In fact, the two full moons in June+10 in 5438 can be called super moons, because the moon is not far from the perigee at the full moon. Of course, it is difficult for the naked eye to judge how much bigger the moon will be on this day than the usual full moon, unless you usually take pictures and compare them.

On June 4th, 265438, the constellation meteor shower was extremely large.

According to the forecast of the International Meteor Organization, the maximum number of 20 18 quadrant meteor showers will be around 6 am Beijing time1October 4, and the peak flow will reach 120 per hour. This meteor shower is quite special, and a large number of meteors can only be seen about 6 hours before and after the maximum. The maximum value of 20 18 falls just before dawn in China and is still suitable for our observation. The best observation time should be165438+ a few hours before dawn on October 4th. However, this time is seriously affected by the moonlight around the full moon.

3.65438+1October 3 1, total lunar eclipse

This is the first of two total lunar eclipses in 20 18, and the observation conditions are good, not only in the first half of the night, but also in the westernmost part of China.

The penumbral eclipse stage of this eclipse (Beijing time)

18:5 1: 13, at first, the lower left of the moon began to turn gray;

19:48:27, the first loss, the partial eclipse phase begins, you will obviously see a gap in the lower left of the moon; As the gap becomes larger;

At 20:5 1:47, the stage of total lunar eclipse finally arrived. At this time, the moon will not be dark, but will glow with bronze;

2 1:29:5 1, full, this is the darkest moment of this total lunar eclipse;

At 22:07:5 1, the light was born, the total eclipse phase ended, and the light began to appear below the moon;

23:11:11,the last contact, the partial eclipse phase ended, the moon resumed full moon, but there was still some gray on the upper right;

At 00:08:29, the penumbral eclipse ends and the whole moon will return to normal completely.

When the total lunar eclipse occurred, the distance from the moon to the earth was just over 360 thousand kilometers, which was not much smaller than the super moon at the beginning of the month, so it can also be called super total lunar eclipse.

On July 27, 4, Mars rushed.

After a long wait of 28 months, Mars and the Earth finally meet again on the same side of the sun. Seen from the earth, this red planet is opposite to the sun. It rises at sunset and doesn't set until sunrise. You can see it all night, and the brightness will exceed -2.7, which is dazzling.

Because the orbits of Mars and the earth around the sun are elliptical, the distance from Mars to the sun and the earth is different every time. In 20 18, Mars rushed to the sun, which was a particularly close encounter between Mars and the Earth. Recently, the distance between the two is less than 58 million kilometers, which can be described as Mars rushing. To the naked eye, Mars will be particularly bright, but in astronomical telescopes, Mars will be particularly huge, and even the polar cap and other geomorphological features of Mars can be vaguely seen.

In particular, red Mars will appear in the southern night sky for a long time before and after the sun hits the sun, because the revolution of Mars also has a long period.

"Mars rushing to the sun" is the best time to observe Mars. At 2 am on August 29th, 2003, the brightness of Mars was -2.9 and the apparent diameter was 25. 1 1 arc second. At this time, the orange-red Mars will be a dazzling "star" in the middle of the night. As soon as the sun goes down, it rises in the southeast. It was not until the next morning that the sun rose from the horizon and set in the west that people could see the magical charm of Mars through the sky.

5. July 28th, total lunar eclipse.

20 18 during the second total lunar eclipse, only the first half of the total lunar eclipse can be seen in most parts of China in the early hours of the morning.

The penumbral eclipse stage of this eclipse will be (Beijing time)

0 1: 14:47, at first, the left side of the full moon began to turn gray;

02:24:27, the first loss, the partial eclipse stage began, and there was a gap on the left side; As the gap becomes larger;

03:30: 15, the total solar eclipse stage finally arrived, and all the sunshine on the whole moon disappeared, and the moon radiated bronze light;

04:2 1:44, the food is very heavy, which is the darkest moment of this total lunar eclipse, even darker than the last total lunar eclipse in 20 18;

05: 13: 1 1, the sun began to illuminate the upper left of the moon. However, for eastern China, the moon is about to set and the sun is about to rise. Only the westernmost part can be seen;

06: 19:00, the last contact;

At 07:28:38, the penumbra ends.

The total lunar eclipse also happens to be the farthest from the earth, more than 406 thousand kilometers away from the earth. This is the farthest full moon from the earth in 20 18 and 13 years, which can also be called the smallest full moon. In addition, when the total lunar eclipse occurs, Mars will appear not far from the south of the copper moon, which should be beautiful.

June and August 1 1, partial solar eclipse.

Among the three partial eclipses on 20 18, China can only see it once. Except for parts of South China, most areas will see different degrees of partial solar eclipse in the evening, and the eastern region will also see the scene of falling with food.

Take Beijing as an example:

18: 12, at the initial loss, there will be a gap in the upper right corner of the sun, and then it will gradually increase;

18:5 1, the food is heavy and the sun will be blocked by the moon1/3;

19: 14, the missing sun will set in the west.

It should be noted that the degree and time of solar eclipse are different in different regions. Generally speaking, the farther northwest the eclipse occurs, the earlier it occurs, and the farther northeast the eclipse occurs, the greater the degree to which the sun is blocked. Therefore, if you want to see the biggest total solar eclipse, it is a good choice near Jiamusi in the northeast, and you will definitely see the half-eaten sun fall below the horizon. (Note: Observing the total solar eclipse requires professional tools, and the simple one is the filter film. Direct sunlight will burn your eyes. )

On July and August 13, the Perseid meteor shower was extremely huge.

The fairy fish has always been famous for its steady flow of countless fireballs. In 20 18, the Perseid meteor shower will reach its maximum value from 4: 00 to 16 on August 13, Beijing time, and the peak flow can reach 1 10 per hour. There is no moonlight interference, and the observation conditions are very good. Although it is almost dawn in China when the maximum value comes, the discharge of Perseid meteor shower is considerable in the days around the maximum value, and the best observation time will be the late night of August in 12, that is, the early morning of August in 13.

8. 12. 14, the Gemini meteor shower is particularly large.

Gemini meteor shower is one of the most stable meteor showers every year. The maximum time is 20: 00 on February 14, and the peak flow rate is every hour 120. However, Gemini rain has performed well in recent years. In the past 20 17, the peak flow even reached about 150. Gemini meteor shower is characterized by a steady increase in flow before the maximum, and a rapid decline after the maximum, but occasionally super bright fireballs appear. The best observation time will be the night of 65438+February 14, that is, the day before the first quarter, and there will be some moonlight interference in the first half of the night. After the moon goes down, you can wait for the fireball to appear in pure darkness.

PS: The mother body of Gemini meteor shower is special, not a comet, but a rocky asteroid (3200 Phaeton), but it has always been thought that it is a dormant comet, and some studies have shown that this asteroid has a comet-like core.

Gemini meteor shower is a very reliable meteor shower, which appears regularly every year. Gemini rises in the evening and remains high in the sky until dawn, visible all night. The best time to watch the Gemini meteor shower depends on the observation location. During the period from nightfall to the rising of the moon, Alpha Gemini appears on the horizon in the east or northeast, which is a good observation time. During this period, ground-skimming meteors may also appear from the horizon (sometimes even below the horizon), dragging their nearly horizontal long tails across the atmosphere. Therefore, the best viewing time is from midnight to midnight, and the night falls until the moon rises. It's cold in winter night, so you need to wait patiently for the meteor group to appear, and you need to pay attention to cold protection and warmth.

The above is the astronomical phenomenon recommendation of 20 18 worth seeing. Remember to collect it and give it to your favorite friends!