Senxun information

George Ernest Morrison (full name: 1862- 1920) was born in Australia, graduated from the University of Edinburgh, England, and was the chief correspondent of Taizhao World News in China (1897- 19 12). It had an important influence on the politics and economy of China at that time. Wangfujing Street is a famous street in Beijing, which was called Morrison Street in the old society.

Mo Li Xun likes adventure very much since he was a child. At the age of 65,438+08, he walked 1000 kilometers along the south coast of Australia at a speed of 50 kilometers per day. This became the beginning of his future exploration career.

Morrison graduated from the University of Edinburgh in England. After graduation, he began to travel around the world according to his boyhood dream. 1893 arrived in the Far East and missed the boat to Japan. In February of the following year, he traveled from Shanghai along the Yangtze River to Chongqing, passing through Yunnan, and walked to Yangon, Myanmar with only 40 kilograms sent by his mother. After that, he sorted out his diaries and photos along the way, published the book "An Australian in China", which became famous in one fell swoop and was hired as the chief reporter in China by the British Times.

1897 In March, Morrison arrived in Beijing and began his career in China for more than 20 years. As a journalist, he experienced or witnessed all the historical changes from the Reform Movement of 1898, the Covenant between Xin and Chou, the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the Russo-Japanese War, the loss of the Empress to the Revolution of 1911. As the new political adviser of the government of the Republic of China, he participated in the process of consolidating Yuan Shikai's rule, helped the China government to confront the Japanese "Article 21" political blackmail, pushed China to participate in the European War, and opposed Yuan Shikai's claim to the throne. When he was seriously ill, he also revised documents for the China delegation of the Paris Peace Conference. 1920 At the end of May, he died of pancreatic disease in London.

Mo Li Xun was the most important "China hand" in Beijing politics and western press in the first two decades of the 20th century.

1894, Mo started from Shanghai and went to Yangon by land. 1896 From Bangkok to Kunming, I made a trip through three northeastern provinces the following year. From 65438 to 0897, Morrison became a special correspondent of The Times in China. During his 20-odd years as a journalist, Sen Xun was always present during the reform period in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. As a reporter, he has a keen eye and a broad mind, and he has reported many epoch-making events. Morrison is an Australian, who works for the British Empire, but has deep feelings for China. Every two or three years, he seriously invites the master of the studio to take photos with his servants (including their families), which shows his kindness.

19 10, mo started a six-month journey to the west, starting from Xianyang, Shaanxi, passing through Pingliang, Lanzhou, Liangzhou, Ganzhou and Suzhou in Gansu, leaving Jiayuguan to enter Xinjiang, passing through Hami, Urumqi and Shihezi, heading west to Ili, then crossing Muzart Glacier in the south, passing through Aksu to Kashgar, and passing through Wuqia in the west. During this visit, Mo's reliable records of personal experience, personal hearing and personal experience provided us with very vivid and direct materials for understanding China in the late Qing Dynasty.

He used to be Yuan Shikai's legal adviser. Later, although he left China, he moved from London to Paris in the stormy days during the 19 19 Paris Peace Conference and became the political adviser of the China delegation. Mo Li Xun lived in China for more than 20 years and was a witness and participant in many important events in China's modern history.

19 17, a large number of oriental documents collected by British people in China were acquired by Japan and became the predecessor of today's oriental library. Since then, China people have to go to Japan to use the Mo Library, which inevitably restricts the academic development level of China.

Historians compare Mo Library with Yongle Grand Ceremony and Dunhuang documents, which shows its position in the eyes of China scholars. Therefore, the outflow of Mo Library is also a "sad history" of China academic circles.

He lived in Beijing for more than 20 years and experienced a series of important historical events in modern China. His numerous reports, newsletters and diaries became important materials for studying the history of China in this period. He left about 3000 photos behind him. Shen Jiawei, a historical painter who traveled in China, selected the main parts and made necessary textual research. They were published in three volumes, namely, Ma Lixun in Beijing, War at the Turn of the Century and Witness of Change, including Documentary of the Boxer Rebellion, Modernization in the Early 20th Century, Customs and Habits in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China, Friendship between Mo and China Servants and Mo and Foreigners in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China.

Mo Li Xun 1920 wrote his last letter to his wife before he died, saying that the materials he collected would be donated to the New South Wales Library. According to this will, Morrison's widow announced that these files will be donated to the library and made public 25 years later when a suitable person is found to organize and edit them. By 1925, J.B. Carper had compiled two volumes, but they were not published. 1946, Morrison's eldest son agreed to hand over all the files to the library. Later, Cyril Pearl wrote Sen Xun's biography "Sen Xun in Beijing", which facilitated the use of these files. Morrison's Selected Newsletters (1897- 1920), edited by Dr. Luo Huizhi who lives in Australia, was published by Cambridge University Press in 1978, and the Chinese version was published in Shanghai in the 1980s. These compiled and published newsletters are only a small part of Mo's archives, and a large number of diaries are of more historical value. However, due to illegible handwriting, it is difficult to organize them. In addition, it takes time for them to be published publicly, so they can only lie quietly on the bookshelf.

The archives of Mo have been numbered roughly in chronological order, which is convenient to consult. These files are quite large, including dozens of volumes, including diaries, letters, address books, invitations, invitations, menus, bills, stamps, paper money, newspaper clippings, maps, works of art and so on. It can be seen that Sen Xun has a good interest in collecting. It doesn't matter. Looking through his files, you can not only feel the changes of history, but also browse the scenes of a century ago from those humble objects.

The procedure of consulting Mo Li Xun's archives is not complicated. Readers with library cards can add relevant file numbers according to their own needs, and administrators can take them out of the archives room. Let's pull up the photo files in Morrison's archives first. There are more than ten volumes of this kind of archives, which are divided into topics such as family and communication, and there are probably thousands of photos.

These photos vividly highlight the active figure of Sen Xun in China's political arena. Among the photos he collected, there are many people who were all-powerful in those years, from politicians, revolutionaries and warlords to celebrities from all walks of life, including Sun Yat-sen, Yuan Shikai, Li Hongzhang, Gu Hongming, Zhang and Chen. Now they are silently facing each other here. Feng, the former prime minister of Beiyang government, wrote in the photo with a brush: Send Mrs. Mo. This was taken by him in the headline glory photo studio of Beijing Gallery. Lu Zhengxiang, then Foreign Minister, gave Morrison a photo and a business card. The name card only says: Lu Zhengxiang, Foreign Minister of the Republic of China, in Chinese and French. This business card should have been used by him during the Paris Peace Conference. A small business card also overflowed with a strong sense of history in front of me.