Luxiangqiao culture

The most romantic bridge in the world is the Magpie Bridge. Cowherd and Weaver Girl meet once a year in the Milky Way. "Thin clouds are smart, flying stars spread hatred, and both silver and Chinese are dark." On the seventh day of autumn dew and autumn, it is time to meet, mostly those who are together in the world, but the appearance of husband and wife. Common complaint against acacia, tender feelings like water, meet each other as if it were a dream, when it is hard to see the bridge. If the two love each other for a long time, sooner or later. "The song" Queqiao Fairy "by Qin Guan, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, eulogized the loyal and sincere love through the story of the joys and sorrows of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, and made men and women all over the world have infinite yearning for the Queqiao Fairy.

In reality, bridge, as one of the most extensive social buildings, is the embodiment of the development level of various social factors such as politics, economy, science and technology in a region, and also the symbol of a regional cultural symbol.

Wujiang, located at the southernmost tip of Jiangsu Province, is also known as Bass Town. Its story originated from Zhang's yearning for the water shield and perch in his hometown because of the autumn wind in the Western Jin Dynasty, and he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown, which was a much-told story for later generations. Wujiang has a total area of 1.260.8 square kilometers (including 84.2 square kilometers of Taihu Lake), of which the water area is 35 1.27 square kilometers, accounting for 27.86% of the total area. Since ancient times, there have been many bridges and masterpieces in the hometown of perch. The ancient bridges on the native land of perch once dominated each other for hundreds of years. Later, some collapsed into rivers and lakes, some were buried deep in the soil, some were only preserved in people's memories, some were only recorded in history books, and some were fortunately preserved to this day. In recent years, with the vigorous promotion of urbanization, some modern new bridges have mushroomed on river ports. After investigation, there are several main bridge types in Wujiang, such as beam bridge, arch bridge, suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge. Ancient craftsmen and modern scientific and technological workers, with their intelligence, superb skills and bold innovation, have written a brilliant chapter for the bridge development of Wujiang River in the water town.

It is worth mentioning that the ancient bridge in Wujiang has formed a unique bridge culture because of its distinctive local characteristics and artistic style, and has integrated the folk customs of Jiangnan, Wudi and especially Wujiang. It is embodied in bridge carving, bridge pavilion, bridge name, bridge connection, bridge poem, bridge painting, bridge dictionary, bridge text and so on.

1, bridge sculpture

Stone arch bridges, which are mainly functional, are often carved with exquisite decorations with ornamental value and cultural connotation, such as water-absorbing beast, dragon head, pearl dragon, carp yue longmen, reincarnation, lotus flower, lotus flower, instant good news, Eight Immortals, Ruyi, five bats holding longevity, three-level leveling, Taiji diagram and so on. The artistic content and style are extremely extensive, covering all corners of the country, bypassing Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Art is born of bridge, and bridge is born of art, just like Li's bridge, which was built in the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1353). It was originally named Qingrong Bridge and rebuilt in Chenghua (1466). In the 5th year of Kangxi (1666), Li Jingyu raised funds to build and renamed the bridge. In the middle of the arch of the bridge, there is a picture. There are two legends about this bridge: the early legend, the fairy tale of "Fish Dragon" and the water season of "Peach Blossom Rain" in March. A carp struggled to jump off the earth and didn't want a girl as beautiful as flowers and jade to walk on the bridge. The carp moved, and in an instant, the carp stopped on the bridge, and the carp head that jumped over the Longmen became a faucet. The lower body of the carp that has not crossed the Longmen is still the body of the carp, and it can never go up to the sky or get into the water. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, there was another legend: When a scholar crossed the Guanfu Bridge, carp could jump over the Longmen and bring good luck.

2. Bridge Pavilion

? Bridge culture and art are also manifested in the architectural style of building, pavilion, hall and bridge integration. The pavilions are overhanging, the pavilions stand upright, and they are in the beautiful scenery of Linquan, which highlights the interest of integrating the bridge and the scenery.

? Heting Bridge, also known as Santing Bridge, is located in Tongli Zen Garden. It is a Soviet-style classical covered bridge, which divides the lakes in the park into two parts, one is Jinghu Lake and the other is Xiaopangshan Lake. There are three pavilions on the bridge, one high and two low, like cranes spreading their wings and flying. This bridge is very similar to the Wu Ting Bridge in Yangzhou. In the spring of 2008, I visited this bridge and wrote a poem: "There are several steps on the waterside pavilion, and the smoke and stones are very enchanting. The pavilion surprised Conan's dream and was suspected to be Yangzhou Yueying Bridge. "

? The small weeping rainbow located in the Zen Garden is an extremely rare covered bridge in Wujiang. This bridge is like a "small flying rainbow" in the humble administrator's garden in architectural form, but it has different meanings. It is the owner's memory of the hanging Hongqiao in Songling, and the "Little Hanging Rainbow" was built to express his nostalgia for the past. On the slightly raised three-span plate beam, there are vermilion columns and a corridor, which are simple in shape and elegant in color. The bridge fence of scarlet is reflected in the water, and the water waves are sparkling like flying rainbow.

? There are bridges with pavilions in Wujiang River and Fengxian Bridge in Tongluo, which is located in Xiting Village of Tongluo. The original building was not examined, and it was rebuilt in the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923). On both sides of the bridge, there are pavilions on the top of the mountain, which are generous and square. The South Pavilion is called Liu Xian Pavilion, and the book is engraved with couplets: "Turn the day into the sky, calm and carefree; It is better to live in hurricanes and rainstorms. "The North Pavilion is called Qifeng Pavilion, and there are two couplets engraved on the book." Draw a bridge to attract a new phoenix, and a small seat will scatter the fairy. "Is one of them, the last word embedded in the bridge name" serve first ". Unfortunately, this bridge collapsed at 1985 and the cement bridge was rebuilt.

3. Name of the bridge

? Most modern bridges in Wujiang are named after the exact locations of regions, river ponds and district streets. Such as: Shengze Lanxi Bridge, Songling Jiangling Bridge, Development Zone Canal Bridge, Zhenze Qiantang Bridge, etc. Of course, there are also poetic ones, such as Yueying Bridge and Yu Yan Bridge in Rudong Taihu Ecological Park. Ancient bridges, on the other hand, always carry rich cultural information and literary charm. For example, Yuji Bridge was built in memory of Dayu, who managed floods, while Fansi Bridge is said to be built in memory of Fan Li, a doctor of Yue. In addition, Tai 'an, Zhongyuan, Zhonghe, Liren, Sino-German, Li Anyun, Taiping, Honghong and Yongning ... either contain good wishes, or entrust pious thoughts, or depict beautiful scenery, or contain profound philosophy. Chewing is like entering a cultural palace.

Step 4 bridge

? The beauty of a bridge lies in its body and culture. Couplets, also known as couplets or couplets, are neat and even, which is a unique artistic form of Chinese language and a treasure of China traditional culture. Couplets are applied to bridges, making them poetic and unique.

? There is a Pu 'an Bridge in Tongli, called Xiaoxiao Bridge. In modern times, there were Yixue in the Ming Dynasty, Tongchuan Academy in the late Qing Dynasty, and Lize Girls' School, which opened a modern new school. Influenced by the style of writing, the villagers nicknamed the bridge "Reading Bridge". There are two couplets on the bridge. One of them said: "A piece of moonlight contains rules and shadows, and books on both sides of the strait pick up songs." Elegant gas, blowing in my face

? Hu Fenzeguo-Xu Lu has an old bridge, Jiatai Bridge, which was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487). Now it is rebuilt in the 17th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (189 1). The arch has a single hole, and the word "Jiatai" is written on the horizontal lines on both sides of the vault. On the south side of the bridge, a pair of couplets is engraved, which reads, "The red waist is surrounded by water in the south and connected to the city in the south, and the geese are in the clouds and connected to the village in the north." Explain the function of the bridge.

Shengze Bailongqiao Bridge Alliance can be called the endorsement and declaration of Sidu: "The wind sends a thousand sounds, and it is easy to understand; Turn a few waves in thousands of feet, so that you can think more about your source from drinking water. "

Meiqiao Midland pioneered the Qidu Twin Towers Bridge, which is known as "the first beam in Wuzhong". The bridge is located at the Yangkou of Jiwu, Lijiagang Village, and has three arch bridges. The bridge was built in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and the two towns are surrounded by stone pagodas, hence the name Twin Towers Bridge. It was rebuilt in the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1), and there is "Fu Bi Temple" beside the bridge. There are two couplets, one large and one small, on the north and south sides of the bridge:

"Molifeng is far away from Shengjing; Listen to fishing songs when you are near the shore. " (Molifeng, the main peak of Dongting Dongshan. )

? "Only on the field, farming and mulberry flourish; Lively splash, in the middle of Lan Ruo Bay. " (Lan Ruo, Buddhist temple. )

Taohua Bridge, located in Xinqiao Village, Taoyuan Town, was newly built and rebuilt in the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), with Sanliang. Bridge connection is "sentimental running water, who is to blame?" Nothing to say, there are customers interested. ""The land is adjacent to the lake, and you are in a secluded paradise. "People will naturally think of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden.

5. Bridge Poetry

? Poets of past dynasties inscribed poems on the bridge, endowing the bridge in Qimu Township with rich and colorful emotional connotations, either poetic or lyrical, or daydreaming, or praising the bridge, or deepening legends, or anecdotes of characters. It has left many beautiful and moving poems to the world, making the culture of Qimu Township Bridge more profound. Mr. Wu Guoliang, a native of Yiwu, collected 10 1 poems in the book "The Ancient Bridge of Wujiang River", which is only an anthology, not all of them. In history, more than 65,438+000 celebrities and people passed by just a hanging Hongqiao, leaving behind poems. Su Shunqin, a poet in Song Dynasty, was the first person to praise the rainbow. Zhang Xian's "Hung from the south of the bridge" is the source of the name of the suspension bridge. "The moon is as bright as day, and the rainbow sits after dusk. The wind is thin and the waves are light, and the clouds are high and wild. The empty pavilion is refreshing and boundless. I remember the cold, and the sky is at night. " This poem "Bodhisattva Man. A Qing Chen Qi's lunge on the Moon can be said to describe the beautiful night view of Hongqiao.

"Wu Gen has a small tail, and the number of fishing songs is full of ears. This place may meet Yellowstone, and the future is everywhere. Two roads lead to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and nine clear streams reflect the sun. After driving a boat for several miles, the Mao family enjoys poetry. " This is the poem "Jiuli Bridge" written by Mr. Chen Zhiqiang for the newly added Suzhou cultural relics protection unit in Wujiang District in recent years.

6. Bridge painting

? Mi Fei, a great painter in the Song Dynasty, mentioned Honghongqiao in the Book Sutie handed down from generation to generation. Hong Hongqiao's name is fame and fortune, commonly known as Long Bridge. Founded in the eighth year of the Song Dynasty (1048), it is a stone pier wooden bridge, later changed to a multi-arch stone bridge, and has the reputation of "the longest bridge in the south of the Yangtze River". Throughout the ages, there were bridge paintings such as Long Bridge Sleeping in the Southern Song Dynasty, Twilight in Shenzhou in the Ming Dynasty, Bowing Pavilion in the Rainbow in Wenjia, and Poems and Paintings on Bowing in Baishi in hu zheng in the Qing Dynasty. According to legend, the Long Bridge in Wang Ximeng's "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" in the Northern Song Dynasty was also born out of the Hanging Hongqiao at that time.

? Nowadays, Mr. Zhang Xinti, a native, also loves painting bridges. Watercolor paintings such as Dawn and Time Like Water came out, and pyrography works such as Tangxi Canal Bridge-Guangji Bridge by Mr. Xie Jian, the pyrography artist of Lili, won national awards.

7. Bridge code

? Bridge Canon is an allusion to the bridge, that is, a folk story about the bridge handed down from generation to generation. The construction of Wujiang ancient bridge has inherited the simple folk customs of the Chinese nation advocating public welfare. "Building bridges and roads" is a good thing to benefit the people and a merit to help the world and people. Wujiang has been rich since ancient times and has a kind heart. He builds bridges and is good at mulberry. Bridge because of wealth, bridge because of wealth; Benevolence is rich, righteousness is a bridge; The bridge is rich, and the bridge is righteous. Every ancient bridge in Wujiang was jointly built by Yin and Ren. It is not only a declaration of wealth, but also a list of benevolence, goodness and goodness. This is the first message stored and transmitted by Wujiang ancient bridge. According to legend, a long time ago, there was a Xie family in Tongli town, with a scholarly family for generations, and its owner was Xie Jiang. One year, Xie Qiang's son Xie Jingchu came back from Beijing to catch the exam. He was ill and couldn't afford many famous doctors, but he didn't get better. One day, a monk passed by and sighed, "What a pity!" Feeling suspicious, Xie family invited him into the house and asked what had happened. The monk said, "The benefactor's family has been doing well for many years, but recently they have encountered a problem that is difficult to solve, but there is no need to worry. Doing more good deeds will solve it. " Then he went out. The next day, Xie Qiang went to the nearby street to play, walked across the Geely Bridge, walked onto the Taiping Bridge, and then walked on, suddenly feeling that something was missing here. Think about it. By the way, isn't it more convenient for ordinary people to build another bridge to the east of Taiping Bridge? So he went home and told his family what he thought. Everyone agreed, so he immediately invested in buying stones, hired masons and built a stone arch bridge called "Xie Jia Bridge". After the completion of the bridge, Xie Jingchu recovered from his illness, and good news came from Beijing. He was admitted to Jinshi. Later, Xiejiaqiao got the name of Changqing Bridge. Because it is close to Taiping Bridge and Geely Bridge, it is collectively called "Three Bridges". Also, because of the name Geely, young people get married. It has been a custom for a while for the elderly to take the "Three Bridges" on their 60th birthday and the children's full moon.

8. Wen Qiao

? Bridges exist because of literature and also because of literature. The Story of the Bridge is the first part of bridge writing, a reliable record of the needs and process of bridge construction, and the best information for bridge maintenance. In the local chronicles of Wujiang town, this kind of literature is very rich. Almost all bridges have bridge stories written by celebrities, which are handed down to future generations; Some of them are still engraved on stone tablets. After the vicissitudes of life, rereading those bridges, we can see the ancient customs, brilliant literary mind, world vision and philosophy of life of our predecessors. For example, although there are only a few holes left in the famous Hongqiao in Wujiang history, there are many stories spread all over the world, such as Li, Yuan, Ming Meilun, Ming Qianpu, Gui Fen, Ding Zuyin and Jin Zuze.

? The above eight aspects are just a glimpse of the leopard in the tube. In fact, the cultural connotation of this bridge in my hometown is very profound and rich. With the continuous combination of technology and art, the cultural connotation of modern bridges has been formed. For example, the bridge photography works created by modern people, and the new bridge technology, new theory and new concept widely used in Wujiang city construction in recent years. The modern bridge spans farther and grander than before, which not only broadens the horizons of Wujiang people, but also enhances their boldness of vision.

? It can be said that the bridge of success is also a bridge of art, a bridge of culture, and a spiritual bridge that always inspires people to move forward. Qixia is beautiful because of the bridge, and the bridge is closer because of Qixia.

refer to

1. Aesthetics of Bridge Architecture, edited by Sheng, People's Communications Publishing House, 2nd edition, June 2009.

2. "Wujiang Ancient Bridge" Wu Guoliang? Guwuxuan Publishing House, September 2002, version 1.

3. Tongli Town Zhiguangling Bookstore, 65438+February 2007 edition 1.

4. Zhenze Town Records

5. Records of Songling Town

6. "Taoyuan Town Records"

7. Qidu Town Records

8. Wujiang Wenbo (47th issue, 20 18 (first issue))

9. Memories of Wujiang Old Bridge Chen 20 17. 12.7

10. Autumn Full Southeast, Wen Hui Publishing House, Lianggang, Wu, September 2008, first edition.