What is the official office of Wen Yuan Pavilion?

Wenyuan Pavilion, located behind the Wenhua Hall in Donghuamen, Forbidden City, is the former site of Shengji Hall in Ming Dynasty. Built in the thirty-ninth and forty-first years of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1774- 1776), it is the royal library for the collection of Sikuquanshu. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), the emperor opened the "Sikuquanshu Museum" and compiled the "Sikuquanshu". In thirty-nine years, a letter was issued to build a library building, and Yu Wenhua was ordered to carve out a suitable place behind the house and carve out Wenyuan Pavilion as the exclusive collection of Sikuquanshu. It was built in 41 years of Qianlong (1776).

Wenyuan Pavilion is located on the north and south sides, and the pavilion is modeled after Fan Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang. The exterior is two-story, with a concealed building at the waist eaves, six rooms wide, and stairs at the west end connecting the upper and lower floors. The blue bricks of two gables are paved to the roof, which is simple and elegant. Black glazed tile roof, green glazed tile trimming, meaning black main water, fire water pressure, to ensure the safety of the library. The front porch of the exhibition hall has palindrome railings, lintels hanging upside down under the eaves, green eaves columns, fresh and pleasing Soviet-style color paintings, which are more garden architectural style. There is a square pool carved in front of the pavilion to introduce gold water and river water into it. A stone bridge is built on the pool, and aquatic animals are carved on the stone bridge and the fence around the pool, which is beautiful and exquisite. After the pavilion, the lake stones pile up into mountains, just like barriers. During this period, pine and cypress were planted, which lasted for more than 200 years and flourished. On the east side of the pavilion, there is a unique pavilion with yellow glazed tiles on the top. There is a stone tablet in the pavilion. On the front, there is Wen Yuan Pavilion inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, and on the back, there are royal poems presented by Wen Yuan Pavilion.

After Wenyuan Pavilion was built in the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), the emperor held a banquet here every year. In forty-seven years (1728), when the Complete Book of Sikuquanshu was completed, Emperor Qianlong hosted a banquet in Wen Yuan Pavilion to reward officials and participants at all levels who compiled the Complete Book of Sikuquanshu, which was unprecedented.

Sikuquanshu, together with the book collection of ancient and modern books, entered the Wenyuan Museum in Tibet and was placed in four parts according to the subset of history. Twenty-two Confucian classics books headed by Confucian classics, textual research of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu and the ancient and modern book collection are placed on the first floor, and the emperor's throne is located in the middle as a place to give lectures. Three rooms on the second floor are connected to the first floor, surrounded by floors, bookshelves and 33 books of the history department. The second floor is dark and the light is extremely weak. Only books can be collected, which is not conducive to reading. On the third floor, except the stairwell at the west end, the other five rooms are connected, and each room is separated from the bookshelf by the front and rear columns, which is spacious and bright. There are 22 children's books and 28 books here, and there is also a royal couch in the Ming Dynasty for the emperor to enter the cabinet at any time. Emperor Qianlong was proud to have such a luxurious collection of books, and once wrote a poem: "Bing Shen's Gao Qian Song, fortunately, the book has become a shelf, ...". According to the regulations of the Qing Palace, ministers and officials who like ancient books and are diligent in learning can read books in the library with permission, but they must not damage the books or take them out of the library.

After the compilation of Sikuquanshu, it initially took six years to copy four original editions. Except one Wen Yuan Pavilion, the other three parts are stored in Wen Yuan Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion and Wenshui Pavilion, and the four pavilions are also called "North Temple Pavilion". After that, there are three volumes in Wenzong Pavilion, Wenhui Pavilion and Wen Lan Pavilion, which are called "Nansan Pavilion". Seven books have been lost or collected by the library. The Wen Yuan Pavilion is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Director of imperial library

The university system established in the Ming Dynasty prevented the autocratic power of the prime minister and established a complete central operation mechanism. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the post of Prime Minister in order to avoid imperial power. But in this way, the military and political power of the whole country is concentrated on the emperor, and the emperor's government affairs are very busy, and no one discusses anything. So he set up a temple pavilion, which was composed of college students as consultants. However, the university students at this time are only senior staff and have no real power; By the end of the Ming Dynasty, cabinet ministers gradually participated in the maintenance and auxiliary management of state affairs, and gradually formed the cabinet system. Later, when Xu Guangqi was a college student, the power of the cabinet was already great, almost equivalent to the prime minister. Moreover, Xu Guangqi also served as the Minister of Rites, who was an official in charge of national etiquette, education and imperial examinations, and was considered to be in power in the ruling and opposition parties.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were scholars from Zhongji, Jianji, Wenhua and Wuying, and there were Wenyuan Pavilion and Dongge Pavilion. On the screen, the University of Diange is like the University of Wenhua in Hongwu's 16th year. He wore a top-coat veil with one foot and two inches of corners on each side, which was said to prevent him from whispering to each other in court. Wearing a purple robe with a wide collar and sleeves, there is a patch symbolizing rank on the chest and back, and a tooth tag and spike are hung around the waist. The dental card is engraved with the official position and name, which is the certificate of entry and exit. The college students wore soap boots and held water in their hands, and when they played in the court, they looked respectful to the emperor.

In July of the 15th year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1658), the Qing Dynasty changed the Inner Third Hospital into the Cabinet with reference to the Ming system. The college students renamed the hall as Zhonghetang, Baohetang, Wenhua Hall, Wuyingtang, Wenyuantang and Donggetang (in the 13th year of Qianlong, Zhonghetang was demolished and Tijen Hall was added as three halls and three halls).