The elderly oral history public welfare

Thesis: Can everyone do oral history? Thesis: Can everyone do oral history? 2015 65438+1October 3 1 In the morning, six senior high school students were receiving oral history training in an old red brick villa in Wangjiasha Garden, Jing 'an District, Shanghai.

This is a historical theme activity of the public welfare organization "Creator". These high school students will go to nursing homes during the winter vacation, write down their personal history for the elderly aged 80-90, and make "memory boxes" for the elderly with words, pictures and photos to "leave memories for the future". What is oral history? Can anyone do oral history? How to do dictation? Historian Gu Xunzhong shared the experience of oral history for those who witnessed the Cultural Revolution for many years.

What is oral history? Oral history refers to oral and oral history, which is a record of people's special memories and life experiences. "The condition for the rise of oral history is the development of technology. The appearance of tape recorders and cameras makes it possible to present historical audio and video information.

Its value lies in leaving the memory of the parties concerned, supplementing the shortcomings of traditional written records and cultural relics history, and the dictation of key figures may even change and correct mistakes in written records. More importantly, it puts ordinary people on the stage of history and restores history to the history of ordinary people. "

Gu Xun said. Yang Xiangyin, a researcher of oral history, once introduced in Dialogue with History —— Theory and Practice of Oral History, and the word oral history formally came into being in the 1940s.

According to the American Oral History Association: "1948 Columbia University historian Allen? Nevins began to record the memories of important people in American life, and since then oral history has been established as a new means of contemporary historical literature research. " As early as A.D. 1950, China historians collected data through social investigation and oral history, and vigorously promoted the "new four histories"-family history, factory history, social history and village history.

CPPCC at all levels, from central to local, has publications on literature and history, as well as relevant administrative departments. In recent years, modern oral history has attracted more and more attention. Participants are not only historians, but also scholars of sociology, anthropology and folklore.

Some universities and professional research departments have set up specialized oral history research institutions, and related works have been published one after another. For example, China Academy of Social Sciences launched a series of oral history in 2003, and China Oral History Research Association was established in the second half of 2004. China's first academic anthology on the theory and method of oral history was also published on 20 14 and 10, and published annually thereafter. What topics have been selected for oral history-related works in recent years? At the end of last century, BBC Radio and the Sound Archives of the British National Library jointly launched the largest oral history project in British history-"Talks of the Century: BBC Millennium Oral History Project" (://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialogues/millennium-memory-bank), which selected people from different regions, classes, occupations and genders to recall their past.

"Talk of the Century: BBC Millennium Oral History Project" The Oral History Center of Stanford University in the United States conducted an oral interview with the student soldiers returning from the front lines of Iraq and Afghanistan, and invited these soldiers to read their emails with their families during the war at the commemorative activities. Highlighting the Role of Voice in Historical Writing (://news.stanford.edu/news/20121month/Veterans' Day-) In China, A Collection of Literature and History Materials sponsored by the China People's Political Consultative Conference and the local CPPCC Literature and History Information Committee collected a large number of dictation during the Puppet Manchuria period.

Previously, the main data of this period of history came from the government, and literature, newspapers and magazines were full of remarks that confused right and wrong, while dictation constructed a period of history from another angle. It can be seen that the topic selection of oral history is often loyal to the requirements of the times, and it also implies the shift of historical focus.

For example, the 1960s was of great significance in American history. The feminist movement, civil rights movement, anti-war movement and anti-apartheid movement all took place in this era. Accordingly, with the rise of social history in this period, American oral history has made a breakthrough. However, oral history is not only applicable to the topic selection of great history, but also can be used to write personal history.

Through the narration of an ordinary historical witness, we can know how people at that time viewed some historical events. How to do oral history? The practice of oral history has formed a certain pattern, which can be basically divided into the following stages: before the interview-determining the object, background research, type determination and outline drafting; During the interview-gain trust, listen carefully, pay attention to interaction, independent space and data collection; After the interview-form a recording and text arrangement draft, examine and approve the important contents, submit them to the interviewee for verification, and file the materials.

Background check is the key to a successful interview. In addition to material preparation, you can even conduct a preliminary interview to establish a good working relationship with the interviewee. "Data preparation is a way for you to get closer to the interviewee," said Gu Xunzhong. "In a formal interview, gaining the trust of the other party is the first priority, especially if you are not familiar with the other party.

Knowing the events that the interviewee (may) experience in advance may make the other person feel intimate and even help the other person recall the relevant content. Yang Xiangyin suggested, "The most taboo of the initial interview is that the communication is too detailed, which is very likely to happen."

The first time I met the old professor, I spoke unprepared for more than two hours because of speculation. But in the formal recording interview, the old professor was always reluctant to repeat the last conversation.

When preparing the interview outline, you can set questions that allow the interviewee to play freely, or you can set questions that only need clear answers (yes, no, specific data, time and place). In a formal interview, you can "go from near to far", that is, start from the things around you, "What is your son doing now?" "How have you been recently?" Or "from far to near", starting from the past that the other party may be impressed.

However, the preparation in advance can't be perfect, and the most important thing is careful communication.

Old people over 75 years old, combined with their own life experience and historical knowledge, write a biography (75-year-old Wei Yuanfeng tells history-I joined the army at the age of 0/8, participated in the Golden Gate artillery battle, and made three "third-class merits"!

Wei Yuanfeng, a native of Bainitang, Wengshan Village, Gaode Office, Haicheng District, Beihai City, joined the people of China on 1955 and China on 1956. He was a soldier (as a gunner) of the 505th Artillery Regiment on * * 0 145, and experienced 1958.

The old man Wei Yuanfeng said: I joined the army 1955 and was demobilized 1959. 1953 The Korean War ended, 1957 The United States will return to Korea and launch the second Korean War. 1958, because the people * * * heavily occupied Ruo * * Island in Fujian, and the US Seventh Fleet was stationed in the Taiwan Province Strait, the Golden Gate artillery battle took place and lasted for several years. At that time, the 505th Artillery Regiment of the *** 0 145 Army was ordered to go to the front line of Fujian to participate in the shelling of Kinmen. I am a soldier of the 505th Artillery Regiment. I used to be a gunner (equivalent to monitor, 7 small guns and 9 cannons), participated in the shelling of Jinmen, and won the honorary certificate of "Returning to my hometown" three times. 1959 was assigned to work in the district shipyard (as the deputy section chief of the security department), 1963 was assigned to work in the Juntun Brigade (as the deputy secretary of the branch), 1965, 1966 was transferred to Qinzhou Social Education, 1967 was transferred to Dongxing Forest Farm to work after social education. In the late 1970s, I went home to farm (without a pension) and gave birth to three sons, mainly living by farming. Spouse 1995 died and now lives alone.

As a rule, these veterans who have fought and made meritorious deeds will have a certain position and be respected in people's minds, and the relevant departments will also give them some living allowances. However, after the old man returned to his hometown to farm, he received almost no subsidy from any department. The old man said: those who joined the army with him will be given certain subsidies according to the policy after returning home. But people like him, now 75-year-old Wei Yuanfeng, don't seem to care much about not being subsidized by * *!

Oral personal history resume survey, the old man died for many years, want to find out the old man's life resume, if it is the original non-agricultural registered permanent residence in the city, all have their own files. The files of retirees are all in the local social security bureau, you can check there. Generally, the old people who die now are over 60 years old. After a series of political movements, such as registration, eliminating counter-revolutionaries, four clean-ups, and cleaning up class ranks, it can be said that the details of China people in the former mainland are very clear. If you want to ask, you should do it as soon as possible. For ordinary people's files, there is a retention period. Expired ones will be destroyed.

If it is an old man who retired to the countryside, it turned out to be a national cadre, and it is easy for veterans to check. Go to the local armed forces department, resettlement office and other departments to check. If it is "historically problematic", it is even more difficult to find out, because different departments or temporary departments are responsible for sorting out and organizing their materials at different times, but it is even more clear to investigate and master these people.

If you don't have time, you want to ask a professional company to investigate, and they have to go this way. You can find a private investigation or detective company. This name is called differently in different places.

Read the following article and complete the following questions: Jin Guangyao's oral history and urban memory (1). Pay attention to "therefore" in underlined sentences. Accordingly, the answer is in the last article, and the answer interval corresponding to this question is the third paragraph of the article. According to the content of the paragraph, we can sum up the answer: it can enrich the details of historical memory; Can deepen or even change the understanding of history itself; You can record and save the daily life information of ordinary people. (2) The key to understanding the meaning of this sentence lies in the context. "Although there are differences, contradictions and even conflicts among the individuals in this group, these different narratives will have an offsetting effect and can provide narratives closer to the historical truth." "The information provided by the elephant-touching people is contradictory, but when taken together, it is a relatively complete information about elephants." According to these two sentences, we can understand the meaning of the sentences. (3) To summarize the discussion ideas of the article, we should connect them with words such as "first … second … then … finally ……". This paper first discusses the value and function of oral history; Secondly, it points out that there will be errors or distortions (deviations and errors) in oral history and analyzes their reasons; Finally, it needs oral history. Answer: (1) can enrich the details of historical memory; Can deepen or even change the understanding of history itself; It can record and save the information of ordinary people's daily life. (2) There are differences, contradictions and even conflicts among individuals in the group, but they are relatively complete information about history and provide a narrative close to the historical truth. (3) First, discuss the value and function of oral history; Secondly, it points out that there will be errors or distortions (deviations and errors) in oral history and analyzes their reasons; Finally, we call for oral history.

Oral family history: the story of grandparents 1000 words (interview draft+postscript). Family history has always been regarded as an extremely mysterious and serious existence. Only those famous families who have been burning incense for hundreds of years will make up family history, because they have a glorious and proud past.

It was not until I read the teacher's model essay that I realized that the family history of ordinary people can be so wonderful. In order to briefly describe this family history, I learned a lot from my parents about the past that I never knew.

Grandpa's grandpa, I don't know what to call him, just call him grandpa. Grandfather Zu lived in the late Qing Dynasty and used to be a landlord.

My home is in a small village in Henan Province. Perhaps it has not been devastated by the war, or perhaps the British and French allied forces and Eight-Nation Alliance have not invaded it. The exact age has been impossible to verify. At that time, the landlord's family may not be rich, but at least there was food and clothing.

There are fields, land and servants, and they all perform their duties under the strict and decadent traditional feudal hierarchy. The brothers and sisters in the family lived a drunken life like a young lady in the Qing Dynasty. But after all, a quiet life can't stand the crush of the wheel of the times, and the drive of the big environment also makes this decadent family fall apart.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the country's political system was decadent, and Britain illegally smuggled opium to China for capital accumulation. How many people in China have been poisoned by this, and they can't extricate themselves from the temporary ecstasy caused by smoking opium. It is conceivable that a group of China people indulge themselves in decadence, or wander, or lie down, or indulge in smoky rooms ... But unfortunately, there are three elders in the family who are among this group of degenerate China people. Dad said that because of time. The three predecessors squandered their property and smoked opium, and built it up until the fragile family could no longer support it, so they sold their property: selling things, servants, real estate, land ... The savings at home were lost like a flood, and soon the crumbling feudal family collapsed.

Drugs really ruin people, families and the future. In the late Qing dynasty, a heavy smoker was enough to ruin the whole family, not to mention the three of us! The family that once had no worries about food and clothing opened the prelude to suffering. Grandfather's descendants went through the war years, which was a difficult time. The eight-year war of aggression against China made this broken family worse. They lived in the cracks of the war and were always on guard against the Japanese invasion.

Grandpa said that when the Japanese occupied our village, they robbed and plundered with almost no conscience, but fortunately they didn't do anything worse than animals-such as slaughter. Therefore, the family line can be continued.

Grandpa was born in the forties of 19. He survived the most difficult years of the war and was lucky to grow up in New China. He was a soldier when he was young, just in time for the famine year. He was poor and hungry, and the pressure of life made his grandfather very hard at that time, just hoping to eat enough.

Grandpa said: I even eat bark when I am most hungry ... "Is bark bitter?" I asked. "As long as you can fill your stomach, who cares?"

During the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune, Grandpa had married his grandmother and had my uncle. For the benefit of several people in the family, grandpa worked hard in the production team, and while he was young and strong, he did the most tired and hard work and became the captain of the production team.

However, hard work can't fill a family's stomach-clothes are tattered, patched, black-faced steamed bread and boiled vegetables are eaten, there is no meat or oil, and there is no enough food for a long time, which leads to serious malnutrition. Sometimes, when I work until my eyes are black, I walk with consciousness, as if I will be unconscious the next second I wave my hoe, but for the sake of the family's livelihood, I can only grit my teeth and stick to it. Grandpa's father is at least a descendant of the landlord, and he still has some ink in his stomach, so even if he is poor, grandpa has been educated since childhood.

How bold people are, how productive the land is. At that time, the newspaper made unrealistic exaggeration and description of the production results. Grandpa said that he deeply blamed himself. He didn't understand why he lied about the result. Isn't it good to tell the truth? But the orders of the mayor and the secretary, in order to survive, he had to obey.

Grandma's family has always belonged to the bottom of society and is extremely poor. "At that time, we couldn't call the school at all.

What do you do at school? You can't learn anything by weeding and hoeing in vegetable fields and feeding pigs. When I go home at night, I have to help my family do farm work. I'm so tired, I have to live. Life was really hard at that time. "

Grandma said. When grandpa was in the production team, grandma did farm work at home and took care of the children.

After I separated from my grandmother, I was too poor to live in a house. I once lived in the "Kanglou" of the production team (that is, the house where tobacco leaves are processed). Besides processing tobacco, bricks are also fired here. They are called "kiln factories".

After a long period of smoking, the walls have turned black; Enough paper can no longer cover the wind and rain, and the mud-piled wall will collapse as if washed by a heavy rain. Grandma works in the "kiln factory" during the day and sews clothes for grandpa by dim light in the middle of the night. The years are hard, but the family is happy.

Because of his excellent performance, grandpa was assigned to work in Wugang Steel Plant after retirement. At that time, it should be considered an iron rice bowl! After the land reform, land was allocated. With the national policy of household contract responsibility system, life has gradually become comfortable. With my savings, I built my first house-two big tile houses. Until today, the courtyard of our hometown has been expanded on the basis of these two big tile houses.

Years later, grandpa was transferred to Wuyang Highway Bureau as an accountant. Let's talk about mom for the time being.

Grandmother (that is, mother's grandmother) is the wife of the landlord. /kloc-married at the age of 0/6, and suffered all his life.

I met my great-grandmother when I was very young. I was very impressed with her feet at that time. That is a pair of real three-inch golden lotus.

My feet are not as big as my palms. My feet are triangular and slender, my toes are deformed and attached to the soles of my feet, and my instep is arched high. It is hard to imagine what the bones of these feet have become. My mother told me that it was the poison to women in feudal times.

Think about how many days and nights grandma cried because of these little feet when she was a child, and she couldn't sleep because of extreme pain. I still remember that my mother and grandmother went to buy shoes for my grandmother, and they all visited the children's shoes area ... when I was a child, I still didn't understand why I came to the children's shoes area to buy shoes for the elderly. It turns out that these feet can only wear children's shoes! Three-inch golden lotus is not.

An old story tells that an old man was taken to a cave by his descendants and then abandoned. Once upon a time, there was a country that abandoned the old as before. The king stipulated that old people who lived to 60 years old should be sent to the mountains to starve to death. Qiu San was very sad to send his 60-year-old grandfather up the mountain. Qiu San can't bear to part with his grandfather. He risked being sentenced and took his grandfather back to the village to hide. Soon, two snakes were sent from neighboring countries, so that the monarch who abandoned the old country could identify which snake was the male and which was the female. Neither the king nor the minister admitted it. When Qiu San heard this, he asked Grandpa. Grandpa said, "Put the snake on the silk cotton, and the male snake will climb out, but the female snake will not move." Qiu San helped the king recognize the male snake and the female snake, and the envoys of neighboring countries left in despair. A few days later, the neighbors brought two more pieces of wood and asked the king to tell which one was male and which one was female. The king had no choice but to send someone to invite Qiu San, who left to ask his grandfather. Grandpa said: "Gong Mu floats on the water, and the mother wood sinks under the water." Abandoning the old country has saved two humiliations, and the king will enjoy the autumn three. But Qiu San said, "This is all my 60-year-old grandfather's idea." The king realized that the old people had rich experience and wisdom, and a country could not live without them. From then on, the name of the old country was abandoned and changed to respect the old country.

This is not history, just a story.

800 words oral history. Any material handed down orally or taken notes based on personal experience can be called oral historical materials. It can be presented in the form of oral historical materials, memoirs, surveys and interviews, but it cannot be called oral history. The connotation of the concept of oral history is to collect and use oral historical materials to reproduce a certain stage or aspect of the historical development process. Oral historical materials are limited to providing various materials for the study of history, while oral history focuses on explaining history in its own unique way. Therefore, oral history is based on interviews with interviewees and oral historical materials, combined with literature, to study their life or a related event through a certain audit of historical materials, which is the processing, sorting and upgrading of oral historical materials, rather than the restoration of interview historical materials.

superiority

1. The people and things involved in oral works are mostly unknown in the past and have a certain "leak" nature. The vivid dictation of the parties not only satisfies people's exploration psychology, but also helps people understand the truth of history;

2. Pay great attention to the review and description of historical details, and the richness and vividness of history have been highlighted, thus reducing the boring history to a flesh-and-blood history;

3. The oral history works are vivid in language, illustrated with pictures and texts, which meet the reading interest of the general public and are readable.

disadvantaged

1. Oral history comes from memory and is subjective and unstable.

2. Oral history is difficult to achieve pure neutrality and non-intervention, and oral memory is sometimes unreliable or deliberately exaggerated. Therefore, the more specific the plot, the more attention should be paid. Unless it is a major * * *, it is impossible to remember it so clearly;

3, oral history is almost impossible to do everything in line with "objective facts." Even if the narrator doesn't mean to be faked, but tells the truth sincerely, due to his knowledge and experience at that time, the inevitable distortion of diachronic memory to a certain extent, and the subjective factors that can't be ignored, the memory of historical events can't completely conform to the objective truth of the past.

Oral family history can only be written by one person? "Oral history" rose in the West in the 1940s and China in the 1980s.

Since 2000, Chinese mainland has been discussing the major concerns of historians. It is predicted that the mouth

Narrating history will become the main method to preserve and manage history in the future.

"Oral Family History" is the national trademark of "Oral World" series products.

Bureau registered secondary brand. The purpose of "oral family history" is to record personal experiences and write family virtues.

Inheriting the national spirit and accumulating human culture.

Oral Family History is a professional outreach producer and visitor from the oral family history team of Crystal Island Film and Television Company.

, cameraman, photographer, lighting engineer, war correspondent, post-editing director, editor, transliteration proofreader, book editor.

, album editing, Art editor, typesetting and printing, etc. , all completed by the father of the user's family.

Mother and grandparents are the main oral narrators, while children, grandchildren and other relatives are the secondary oral narrators, telling the family together.

A brand-new service product of "recording personal experience and writing family virtues" looks forward to the future of the family with history.