Linear structure in vertical photography class

The rhythm of symmetry, balance, golden section, contrast, diversity and unity, harmony and change.

As for symmetry, Modern Chinese Dictionary explains clearly that there is a one-to-one correspondence in size, shape and arrangement between a figure or an object and a certain point, line or surface. That is to say, on both sides of a point or a line, there are things with the same size, shape and arrangement.

Symmetrical structure is characterized by uniformity, consistency and equal arrangement. Therefore, it can make the nervous functions of the two parts of the viewer's body in a balanced state, and meet the needs of eye movement and attention activities for balance. Symmetry can produce extremely stable and firm psychological reaction, forming a feeling of stability, tranquility, harmony and solemnity.

Equilibrium (also called equilibrium) is evolved from symmetric deformation. Symmetry, isomorphism, homogeneity, quantity and price can produce a sense of absolute balance. But the sense of balance is not entirely produced by symmetrical distribution. Symmetry is a physically equivalent arrangement. Balance is a psychological experience. In photographic composition, a balanced picture is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence in the shape, quantity, size and arrangement of the two sides of the scene, nor is it necessarily an absolute equivalence, but a different arrangement in the shape, quantity and size of the photographed scene, which gives people visual stability. This is an abnormal and different echo balance, an artistic balance. Of course, balance also includes symmetrical balance. In the composition of a sense of balance, two factors are very important: weight and volume. In the same category, weight depends on size. The big one is heavier than the small one. In non-homologues, volume is not the main factor determining weight.

Diversity and unity

Diversity and unity, also known as "diversity and unity of opposites", is a concentrated summary of the laws of symmetry, balance, proportion, change, irregularity, truth, rhythm and rhythm in formal beauty. It requires that the organization, structure and arrangement of objects have diversity and difference, but they are not absolutely opposite, but integrated. Plastic arts are always expressed by various means, always showing various existing forms of things, and always organizing in spatial position and spatial relationship. If these complex and diverse visual factors only have diverse changes without harmony and unity, they will be complicated and messy; If there is only harmony and unity without various changes, it will be dull and monotonous. Only when the independent difference factors have both external differences and internal relations to form a unified whole can they produce aesthetic effects of "pleasing to the eye" and "expressing feelings".

"Diversity and unity" are found in diversity and difference, which can be manifested in the Fiona Fang, length and straightness of the shape; Front, up and down, front and back direction; Hardness, thickness and smoothness of texture; The weight, size and quantity of quantity; Dynamic and static potential, convergence and divergence, positive inclination; The depth, brightness, lightness and coldness of color; Intensity and brightness of light; The strength and urgency of rhyme; The density, reality, concealment, promotion and inhibition of the environment and many other aspects. Diversity and unity are the organic combination of all aspects.

Harmony of change, also called harmony, is a concept borrowed from music and the highest state of formal beauty. Alien, heterogeneous and heterogeneous things complement each other in the combination, which is harmony.

In the process of change, the elements of the object change from form, quality, quantity, difference, opposition and conflict to harmony. If this is not the external unity formed by the orderly arrangement of different things, but the internal concrete unity formed by neutralization, this is the highest "harmony of change" of formal beauty. And "harmony of change" is the most appropriate embodiment in film and television composition. Rhythm and prosody are terms borrowed from music. In film and television, it is closely related to sports.