Photographic Structure Obtained from Reading Love Photography

Four basic principles of photographic composition

(1) Pursuing simplicity

Photography is the art of subtraction, which is recognized by countless photographers as an artistic law. The reason is actually because the simplicity of the picture can highlight the main body and express the theme of the picture.

(2) Picture balance

The balance of the picture can give people a sense of visual stability. In order to get a balanced picture, we usually need to use reasonable composition to express it, especially to weigh the relationship between weight, reality, density and complexity in the picture layout to create a visual harmony effect.

(3) Diversity and unity

The unity of diversity in photographic composition is to arrange the required scenery into a changing, orderly, rhythmic and harmonious whole. The composition of a painting only changes without unity, which will make people feel confused; If there is only unity without change, there will be a lack of sense of rhythm and rhythm, which will make people feel dull and boring, which will easily cause visual fatigue, thus directly affecting the expressive force and appeal of the works.

(4) density change

There are dense in the picture, dense in the picture and sparse in the picture. The right density can form a rhythm. In Chinese painting, "easy to walk and airtight" is mentioned, which gives people a sense of beauty.

Basic composition skills in landscape photography

First, the golden section composition highlights the visual center of the picture.

"Well" composition and "Jiugongge" composition can be used to determine the visual position of the subject on the screen.

Second, the horizontal line composition increases the sense of tranquility in the picture.

Horizontal line composition means that the main scene in the picture appears as one or more horizontal lines in the photo picture. Horizontal line composition is a typical stable composition, which is often used to express flat and wide scenery, such as the sea, lakes, grasslands, fields and other themes. This composition of the picture can give people a sense of leisure, tranquility, serenity and calmness.

Third, the vertical line composition increases the line sense of the picture.

The vertical line composition of the picture presents a vertical structure as a whole, which is often used to express vertical and thin themes such as towering trees, hanging waterfalls, upside-down buildings and figures. If you want to show vertical scenery such as vertically growing trees, you can use vertical lines interspersed up and down to make the viewer's field of vision beyond the scope of the picture, and feel that the subject in the picture has the feeling of infinite extension, so there should be no white edge above the photo, otherwise the viewer will feel "so far away" visually, giving people the feeling that the image is tall and infinitely extended up and down.

Fourthly, triangular composition increases the sense of stability of the picture.

Triangular composition means that the shape of the subject on the screen is similar to a triangle, or the relationship between several subjects just forms a triangle. Some pictures have not only one triangle, but two or three, and so on. By using the combination of regular triangle and inverted triangle, we can get a stable and rich picture. It is often used when shooting buildings and mountains.

Fifth, the S-shaped composition gives the picture a sense of flow.

Verb (verb's abbreviation) S-shaped composition gives the picture a sense of flow. In traditional Chinese painting, S-shaped composition is called zigzag layout, which is intended to emphasize the division and internal connection of the picture. The most typical image of S-shaped composition is Taiji diagram. Black and white, real and virtual, big and small, are perfectly combined through the S-shaped line on the Taiji diagram. S-shaped composition usually has two manifestations. One is that the main contour lines in the picture form an S-shape, which can guide the visual process in the picture and create a curved beauty.

Often used to shoot rivers, winding paths and other themes, such a picture can often be described by the word "winding path leading to a secluded place", and the whole picture gives people the feeling of being mobile, active, comfortable, beautiful and quiet.

6. Radioactive components increase the cohesion of the picture.

Radiographic composition can increase visual tension and give people a sense of strength. Common radiation components include "wonderful light" passing through the Woods in the morning, flowers with many petals and so on. These are naturally occurring emission lines. In order to make the picture have obvious emission line effect, we should first look for objects with a sense of lines, such as cultivated land, countryside, textile machines, neat tables and chairs, etc. The composition of the emission line can not only create and contrast the atmosphere, but also make the line of sight more focused.

According to different line directions, radiation patterns can be divided into centripetal and centrifugal patterns. Centripetal composition, that is, the subject is in the center and the surrounding scenery or elements converge to the center. Centrifugal composition, that is, the surrounding scenery or elements spread away from the center. Centripetal composition gives people a feeling of squeezing towards the center; Centrifugal composition will make the picture stretch, split and spread. The use of luminescent composition can produce visual impact of picture effect.

Seven, symmetrical composition shows the formal beauty of the picture.

Symmetrical composition refers to a composition form in which two parts of a painting are balanced and equal in size, shape, distance and arrangement with a certain line as the axis. Many things in real life have symmetrical structures, such as human bodies, palaces, temples, wings of birds and butterflies, so the symmetrical composition in photography is actually a representation of the beauty of life. Such photos give people a sense of harmony, calmness and order, and are often used when shooting symmetrical buildings or other scenery. Commonly used shooting angles, such as shooting temples or other ancient buildings, to show its solemn and majestic internal symmetrical structure. In addition to using the symmetrical structure of the subject, you can also use the reflection of the water surface for symmetrical composition, which is often used when shooting lakes or other plane water surfaces.

Eight, use the prospect to set off the atmosphere

The foreground is the scene between the subject and the camera, close to the camera. Foreground is often arranged at the edge of the picture. The foreground we often see is trees and flowers, and sometimes it can be people or things. Due to the change and development of people's aesthetic concept of photography art, the requirements for photos are more and more natural and true, requiring a live atmosphere. Fuzzy foreground can emphasize the atmosphere of this scene, and fuzzy foreground can also help to highlight the authenticity of the theme and set off the reality with the virtual. This method is suitable for shooting animals, portraits or landscapes.

Nine, reasonably handle the picture space and maintain a sense of balance.

Picture balance refers to the arrangement of the scenery on the picture, so as to avoid the imbalance of the picture from top to bottom and the sense of instability from left to right.

10. Use the changeable lines of nature to express the beauty of the picture.

Lines are an important part of the picture, and different lines can create different visual effects, such as straight lines making people feel calm or dull; Curves can convey a dynamic or lively atmosphere. In the picture, you can also use lines to divide or connect with each other and combine them to create different plane shapes. Therefore, when shooting, repetitive lines can be used to create a rhythmic visual aesthetic feeling, and lines with visual guidance can also be used to guide the viewer's line of sight. In landscape photography, lines are an important element of the formal beauty of the picture. The winding mountain outline, terraced fields, tall and straight poplars and beautiful architectural curves will all bring beautiful feelings to the picture.

Eleven, grasp the rhythm of the picture by using similarity and change.

Rhythm refers to the composition form in which the elements in the picture appear with similar laws, which makes the vision have a sense of rhythm. When expressing a rhythmic picture, we should look for scenes with similar structures and changes in size due to perspective. The rhythm is the pulse of the world. The alternation of day and night, the change of seasons, the blooming and falling of flowers, and even the beating of the heart all have their own inherent rhythms. Because the rhythm is regular and predictable, people will feel happy when they feel this regularity in vision or touch. This also explains from a deeper level why pictures that meet the golden ratio can make people feel happy, just because such pictures can make people feel a certain sense of rhythm.

Twelve, the use of the relationship between the scenes, so that the picture echoes from afar.

In landscape photography, the matching of foreground and background is very important, and the connected foreground and background can often produce interesting picture effects and artistic conception. Sometimes in the picture, you can also use the echo relationship between the subject and the companion to explain the subject. Therefore, when shooting, it is necessary to choose objects closely related to the subject, so as to echo and explain the subject, so that the picture will look and feel complete.

Let the photos have impact.

There are many themes that can be fixed by using high shutter speed, such as runner's footsteps, jumping dancers, frisbee that dogs will catch, and so on. The impact of such photos has something in common with the beauty of athletes' strength.

Shooting fast-moving objects can be a bit troublesome, especially when using telephoto lenses. The solution is to focus on a certain point where the subject will pass in advance, such as a piece of soil, grass or something that can mark the point. Then, just wait for the subject to reach this point and press the shutter. Practice and master this skill repeatedly, and you can easily shoot moving objects. When shooting, try to keep your back to the sun or the main light source. This can not only get better light, but also facilitate tracking the subject. Pay special attention to critical moments, such as the moment when the third baseman throws the ball or catches the ground ball.

Third, how to use the shutter to achieve creative control

In humanistic photography, it is much better to make the details and environment of the characters "just right" than to simply emphasize the skin color of the characters.

Box 2: Portrait Shooting Secrets of Professional Portrait Photographers

First, focus on the eyes of the characters, and then make a composition.

If you want to lock the focus when shooting a portrait, the focus of the person's eyes should be absolutely clear. If you don't focus on your eyes, other elements in the picture will be eclipsed a lot, so use good steel on the blade. By the way, when I say "eye", I mean the eye closest to the lens (of course, if the subject's head and shoulders are facing the lens, the distance between the two eyes and the lens is equal. If it is not equal, it is not a problem that the camera can solve). In short, the trick I use is this: (1) aim the focus (usually a red dot or a red box) on the LCD screen directly at the eyes closest to the camera. (2) Press the shutter half way to lock the focus on the eyes. (3) Hold down the shutter for half a press, and re-compose according to your own needs. Now, when you press the shutter completely, the focus will fall on the blade.

Third, only photographers care about the effect of eye light.

4. What subject can't be shot with a 50mm lens?

Don't take pictures of women. Of course, any close-up portrait is not allowed, for the simple reason that it is ugly. If you shoot people at close range with a 50mm lens, it will look a little deformed, which is definitely not what you want to see in portrait photos. So you will see that professional photographers often shoot with a lens with a longer focal length (I usually shoot with the focal length of a lens of 70-200mm 150mm to 200mm). A longer focal length can produce a compression effect, which makes people like photos more pleasing to the eye and people look better (why not want the subject to look better? )。

Make her eyes look bigger. Here's a little trick to make your eyes look bigger and better: lower her chin a little. This will add a little white under the iris and make her eyes look bigger and more beautiful.

Five, two composition tips

When you compose a composition, if you don't take a full-length portrait, you must choose which part of the human body the picture starts from.

Let the picture stay above your knee. If your composition is cut off below the knee, you will get the effect of amputation of both legs.

The same applies to weapons-where should weapons be cut? In the same way, I will choose a position above the elbow. As long as it is below the arm, it will look like it has been stabbed.

Application of White Background Shooting in Studio

White background paper should be the best seller among background papers, and you will see white background paper in almost every studio.

As the name implies, "going back" means removing the background. In design, it is sometimes necessary to reduce the complexity of the background as much as possible in order to emphasize the importance of the theme (usually the commodity). Sometimes for the sake of beautiful layout, you even have to take the subject directly from the photo. At this time, the photographer will be asked to take pictures with a simple background such as white, so as to remove the background.

Generally speaking, backless photography is the most common in commodity photography, and portrait photography is also often used.

Generally speaking, if we don't want to create special light, we will keep the position of the lamp above the head of the subject.

Techniques to make photos different.

First, change the angle.

Most photos are taken from the perspective of ordinary people. Although this feeling is natural, it will be very rewarding to shoot from another angle. Shoot from top to bottom or from bottom to top, no matter which choice, it will bring a brand-new feeling.

Second, break the traditional composition.

When it comes to composition, there are always a lot of rules and regulations jumping out to tell you what to do. Although it is really useful, you can break it on purpose.

Third, don't just stand.

When people walk freely, their posture moves more than usual, which is more conducive to shaping the expressive force of the picture.

Fourth, capture

In most cases, people will marvel at the various moments they stumble upon. When these moments turn into pictures, they will certainly attract people. Then why don't we use these beautiful moments to become fascinating tools? And it will definitely win a lot of applause. When taking a snapshot is attractive, it is best to choose when the subject is doing what he likes. At this time, their attention is usually focused on what is in front of them, which is also their most natural moment.

Five, the rational use of close-ups to focus on a certain part of the body.

Sixth, it is more natural not to look at the camera.

Don't stare at the camera all the time, no matter who stares at the camera, he will feel nervous and restrained. Do what you have to do and play what you want.

Seven, fuzzy

Sometimes blurred images give viewers more imagination and a sense of time and space.

Eight, discard color

Black-and-white photos are always full of memories, and some places may only be visited once in a lifetime.