Who has the late exam questions in the studio? I can think of them myself. ..

Excuse me, what are the skills of taking pictures with a digital camera?

Three digital photo formats?

The three storage formats of digital cameras are RAW, TIFF and JPEG.

Recover digital photos deleted by mistake

When using digital cameras, we store digital photos on storage media, such as CF, SM, SD card and memory stick. In addition, we will copy the digital photos to the computer. Sometimes due to various subjective or objective reasons, there will be misoperation, and useful photos or other data files will be deleted by mistake. At this point, you don't have to beat your chest, whether it is a digital photo stored on a memory card or a digital photo copied to a hard disk, it can be recovered in most cases after being deleted by mistake.

I believe that most users who are familiar with computers have no objection to the recovery of data deleted by mistake on computers, but most users mistakenly think that the data on memory cards are different. In fact, digital cameras follow the DCIM standard, and the data storage format and operation mode on the memory card are the same as when computers operate disk data. Therefore, based on the data recovery principle of magnetic media such as disks, theoretically, digital photos on memory cards are not only recoverable, but also easy to realize, just like digital photos that have been copied to computers. Use data recovery software commonly used on computers, such as Easy.

Recover, retrieve data, final data, R-Studio, etc. , you can easily restore the digital photos on the memory card.

What is the effect of resolution when shooting?

The higher the resolution, the higher the accuracy of the image. It is a misunderstanding for many digital camera users to shoot with high resolution as much as possible. Theoretically, high-resolution images can be obtained, but digital photos should be recorded in the form of image files. With the improvement of resolution, the number of image files will also increase, and the time for digital cameras to process images will also increase. Therefore, the higher the resolution used, the more processing time and storage space required for shooting. When shooting with a digital camera, the capacity of the storage device is limited. The higher the resolution, the less pictures can be taken. In addition, due to the long processing time, using too high resolution in the snapshot may also miss the wonderful shots.

Even if you don't care about the waste of storage space and the increase of processing time, the choice of resolution should be limited to a sufficient range. Otherwise, when you do post-processing, you will find that the image taken with higher resolution is reduced to low resolution by software, which is similar to the visual effect of the image taken directly with lower resolution, and the definition of the subsequent image seems to be better.

Selection of resolution when shooting

At present, most digital cameras have several levels of resolution to choose from. How to decide which shooting resolution to choose? The purpose of the shot image is the main reason that affects which level of resolution to choose for shooting. If digital photos are only used to make web pages, then the resolution is not too high. If they are only used for display on a monitor, it must be remembered that there is a correspondence between image pixels and display settings of the monitor. Therefore, if you want the image to be displayed in full screen on the standard 640×480 pixel display screen, you only need a 640×480 pixel image. If the screen display is set to 1280×960 pixels, the image with 640×480 pixels will only occupy half of the screen space. There is no need to consider the number of pixels per inch, and the display only cares about the number of horizontal and vertical pixels.

If your digital photos will be used for printout, then you need to remember that screen display and printing and printout are two different things. You need to understand these two words and remember the relationship between them. Image resolution describes the total number of pixels (PPI) of an image, and the unit is PPI. What determines the quality of image output is the output resolution of the image, which describes the dots per inch (DPI) that can be generated when the device outputs the image. They are related but not equal, "image resolution ÷ output resolution = image output size". Taking magazine printing as an example, the minimum output resolution is 300.

DPI, 16 full-page pictures also need a resolution of about 3200×2400.

Print size and shooting parameters

At present, the digital printing system can provide you with 10 printing services with different specifications, as small as 1 inch and as large as 16 inch. Different print sizes have different requirements for digital photos.

In order to take a good photo, the effective pixel of a digital camera should be more than 3 million, and the resolution of the digital photo taken also has certain requirements. Generally speaking, there is a simple calculation method in digital printing, which can be used to calculate what resolution digital photos are suitable for printing. Suitable for digital photos with resolutions of 1600× 1200 to 1600÷250.

= 6.4 The calculation method of rounding is 6, and the suitable print photo size is 6 inches. Then you can multiply 6 by 250, and you can get that the resolution of 1600× 1200 is more appropriate.

Use of white balance

In digital photography, in order to achieve accurate color reproduction and solve the problem that the camera can not correctly identify the colors of light sources with different attributes, it is necessary to set the white balance correctly.

Digital cameras of various manufacturers have automatic white balance and manual white balance. Automatic white balance is convenient, but its accuracy is limited. Therefore, in addition to automatic white balance, digital cameras now have various predefined white balances, such as sunshine, cloudy days, incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. But even so, the light conditions in real life are varied, and the correction ability of predefined white balance and automatic white balance is limited for different digital cameras. In addition, when using automatic white balance, it is easy to cause the problem that the color of the previous scene is particularly biased towards a certain color, which leads to the subsequent photos being biased towards a certain color.

Therefore, when shopping, it is best to choose a digital camera with manual white balance function to leave more room for adjustment. Careful observation, repeated guessing and skillful use of the white balance function will take more beautiful photos and bring you unexpected fun.

Don't be too limited to experts or traditional methods of use. For example, most users of Canon G2 digital camera press WB key to switch to white balance setting, select the last manual setting, and then press * key to aim the lens at a large area of pure white object for white balance setting. But in fact, we can set it according to the actual needs, for example, using the white balance function in turn can not only make the sunset glow redder, but also take the same photographic effect as professional photos.

Selection of measurement mode

At present, almost all digital cameras use TTL photometry to measure light through the lens. The advantage of photometry through the lens is that it can directly reflect the light intensity of the scene, that is, the light is projected onto the photosensitive element through the lens, and then the photosensitive element sends the light signal to the processing chip of the digital camera for analysis. In addition, some semi-professional or professional digital cameras also provide a variety of metering methods for users to choose from. When choosing measurement methods, we must first understand their characteristics.

At present, there are many metering methods for digital cameras, but in fact they can be divided into average metering, center focusing metering and spot metering. /xWXxX(

Average photometry takes the average of all the light intensities of a picture as the photometric value, which is characterized by not considering the subject of the picture. For a picture with average illumination, photometry is more accurate, which is suitable for occasions with uniform illumination and weak contrast. There are many methods for data collection and calculation of average photometry, such as Canon's "zoning evaluation photometry" method, which divides the picture into 35 parts for evaluation photometry. In fact, this is also an average metering, but it can make the calculation result more reasonable.

Center-focused photometry is to calculate the values of the pictures in the center and the vicinity of the picture as photometric values according to different weighting coefficients. The center has the largest weight, and the closer it is to the edge of the picture, the smaller the weight. This is a moderate metering method, which takes into account both the overall brightness within the framing range and the fact that the subject is generally located in the central area when shooting, and is suitable for occasions where the subject is prominent and the background needs to be taken into account.

Spot metering is a professional metering method, with the area of the center of the picture accounting for 1% as the metering area. This is an extreme photometry method, which is suitable for situations where the light is complex or the light ratio is strong, and it is necessary to highlight the subject and create special artistic effects.

Sensitivity setting

ISO (International Organization for Standards) is the abbreviation of the international organization for standards that sets industrial standards. In the industry standard of film camera, ISO standard measures the sensitivity of film to light. The lower the value, the slower the exposure sensing speed of the film.

ISO standard is also used in digital cameras to measure the light sensitivity of photosensitive elements. The larger the value, the more sensitive the photosensitive element is. In a traditional camera, you can use films of different ISO standards according to the required shooting effect to take advantage of their different exposure sensing speeds. In a digital camera, you can also change the sensitivity of the photosensitive part by adjusting the ISO value.

Improving the ISO value of digital cameras means improving the sensitivity. Due to the improvement of sensitivity, the shutter speed of digital camera will be faster and easier to shoot. However, attention should be paid to it, so there will be some adverse effects. For example, the current intensity after the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal is weakened due to the lack of sensitivity of the photosensitive element, and the noise phenomenon in the dark part or monochrome area of the photo will be more obvious. If you want to get a clear picture, then you can consider shooting with a low ISO value. But different camera sensitivity settings need their own actual experience. It is suggested that you increase the sensitivity step by step when shooting without knowing the camera characteristics.

Shutter control skill

In photography, the original quality of the captured image comes from the control of exposure. Like traditional cameras, digital cameras control the amount of light allowed to shine on photosensitive elements or films through apertures and shutters. Among them, the shutter determines the time to shoot the image, and its opening time is determined according to the set shutter speed.

Usually the shutter speed range of a camera is 4 seconds, 2 seconds, 1 second and so on. The skill of controlling the shutter is to pay attention to the safe shutter time first. If the camera shakes due to instability during the opening of the shutter, the captured image will become blurred. This is why it is necessary to keep the camera body stable when shooting, and why it is easier to blur the image if the shutter speed is too slow. Therefore, in general, the selected shutter speed is faster than the safe shutter speed, and the safe shutter = 1/ lens focal length. For example, the focal length of the lens is 50mm, and the safety shutter is 1/50 seconds, that is, the shutter speed above 1/60 seconds can avoid the problem of image blur caused by hand shake during shooting.

In addition, when controlling the shutter, special attention should be paid to the time lag of the shutter. The so-called shutter lag is the time between pressing the shutter and imaging the photosensitive element or film. Because the shutter lag of digital cameras is longer than that of traditional cameras, only the shutter lag of top professional single-lens reflex digital cameras is equivalent to that of traditional cameras, and the lag of most digital cameras is 2-3 times that of ordinary traditional cameras. If you use the LCD screen to view the scene, the delay will be more serious. Although the delay is short, it will take a long time for a moving object, and the best opportunity for snapshot photography will be missed. Moreover, the time difference of different cameras is different. You need to know your own camera and do a lot of quick response shooting exercises to avoid the influence of time difference on you.

exposure control

Whether it is a traditional camera or a digital camera, controlling the exposure is the key to affect the photo effect. To control exposure, we must first remember the relationship among shutter speed, aperture and ISO sensitivity, that is, if the shutter speed is doubled, the luminous flux of the lens will be reduced by half; With each step of aperture increase, the luminous flux will be reduced by half as when the shutter speed is doubled; ISO sensitivity is doubled, even if the luminous flux is halved, the same exposure can also be exposed.

Now most digital cameras are equipped with "exposure compensation" function. Setting the exposure compensation to+1 means that the shutter speed is slowed down by half or the aperture is doubled. In fact, when using the preset mode provided by the digital camera, the camera will adjust the aperture and shutter speed to double the luminous flux.

Generally speaking, the camera can measure the brightness of the whole picture and determine the best exposure. However, the intelligence of the camera is limited. For example, when shooting white objects such as snow scenes, the digital camera itself will mistakenly think that there is enough light and automatically reduce the exposure, so that the picture taken will be very dark. When shooting a large area of black objects, the camera will also think that there is not enough light.

To control exposure, you need knowledge of exposure compensation, so that you can take photos with the same brightness as expected. Under what circumstances and to what extent compensation is most appropriate, it is ultimately up to your own eyes to master. I can't give you an accurate standard here, but the principle is to increase the exposure compensation for objects with many white and high brightness areas, and reduce the exposure compensation for objects with dark and wide areas.

Infrared shooting effect

In addition to the general flash, other light can also be used for photography, for example, infrared rays and ultraviolet rays. Infrared photography technology has been discussed and applied in amateur and professional fields. If you want to experience it, you can use a high-power infrared lamp to illuminate the subject when shooting, or you can install an infrared filter on other electronic light-emitting devices, so that infrared rays can directly hit the subject and then reflect back to the lens for imaging, thus achieving the effect of infrared shooting. Traditional photography must rely on special infrared negatives, and the preservation, development and transportation of negatives are troublesome, and ordinary users lack experience in this field. However, because the photosensitive element made of silicon is sensitive to the wavelength of infrared light, digital cameras are easier to take infrared photos than traditional cameras.

In addition, if your digital camera is equipped with infrared auxiliary function, such as Sony's F7 17, when using infrared photography, you can not only take ecological photos continuously in low light environment, but also create unique special effects when using landscape photography, and you can also have perspective function, but the perspective ability of infrared photography is not 100%.

Reasonable use of flash

Flash is very convenient and suitable as a tool to supplement light source. But generally speaking, digital cameras that emphasize automation don't have strong flash. At best, they program the flash function and provide settings such as "Auto", "Forced", "Red Eye Prevention" and "Slow".

In the "Auto" mode, the camera will automatically determine whether there is enough light in the shooting scene. If it is insufficient, it will automatically turn on the flash to make up for the light when shooting; The "red-eye prevention" mode is to flash the flash once or several times to make people's pupils adapt, and then flash and shoot mainly to avoid red-eye problems in photos; "Forced" mode, that is, whether in bright or low light environment, turn on the flash to flash, usually used to shoot people with their backs to the light source; "Slow" mode will delay the release speed of digital camera shutter. Illuminate the foreground with a flash. If the shutter is slow, such as 1/5 seconds, it will be exposed in a weak light background, and a photo with both foreground and background exposed harmoniously will be taken.

Due to the limited intelligence of digital cameras, it is difficult to determine the effect of flash under different settings. Therefore, in order to get better shooting results, it is necessary to buy a digital camera with an external flash with manual function, and the intensity, size, frequency and times of the flash are determined by the human brain, which can greatly expand the shooting range. Generally, manual control of the flash requires a lot of practice, because a digital camera is used, and more shots can be taken to determine the flash energy. It should be noted that when some external flashlights use low power to reduce the light output, the color temperature will be slightly higher.

Understand the differences between computer screens.

Most users who use digital cameras will use computers to process photos, or store and browse photos on computers. But at the same time, the effect of browsing photos on the computer screen is different from the actual output photos, which also puzzles most users.

In fact, due to different equipment, this difference is normal. Do you feel that the images presented on the computer are more beautiful than the photos output by the printer? The resolution of the monitor is only 72dpi, but the displayed image is better than the printer with 720dpi or even 1440dpi. The reason is that the color output on the computer screen is analog. When the image can be displayed in continuous tone, even if the resolution is not very high, the image is still very realistic. But when using inkjet or laser printer to output, the image is composed of ink dots. The printer can only control the presence or absence of ink dots, but can't control the depth change. Moreover, the resolution of printing is different from that of electronic images. With the current technology, it is difficult for printers to print equally accurate ink drops.

Besides, there are many similar problems. For example, photos work normally on a digital camera, but the exposure is a bit abnormal when viewed on a computer screen. This is caused by the difference between liquid crystal display and cathode ray display of digital camera, which is as normal as the problem of printer.

So how should we solve these problems? To solve the printer problem, you need to adjust the color of the computer screen to display the same color as the printer, and learn to calculate the accuracy required for printing and outputting images of different quality (refer to the "Selection of resolution when shooting" introduced above). The LCD display problem of digital camera is relatively simple. You only need to open the image in Photoshop, and you can view it by using the "Levels" in the "Image" menu and "Adjustment". If the color scale is average and the photo exposure is normal, adjust the brightness of the display. If there is a blank area on the right side of the color scale, it means that the photo is underexposed and can be adjusted accordingly.

Protect Exif photo information

Most digital cameras support storing Exif photographic information on photos, which can help us to save shooting data conveniently. When we appreciate digital photos, we can not only recall our feelings when shooting, but also sum up our own shooting experience and improve our shooting level. By studying the photographic information of digital photos and comparing the different camera settings and processing of photos with the same theme, we can better grasp the best camera settings when taking such photos, thus improving our photography level.

Exif information is very useful, but it is also easy to be destroyed. If you use Windows.

XP's image file viewing function browses your digital photos, and the photographic information on the photos will be destroyed. Photographic materials will be destroyed, and once destroyed, they cannot be recovered.

In addition, most computer users like to use general picture browsing software (such as ACDSee) to browse digital photos. However, it should be noted that if you use ACDSee to rotate photos or change the resolution of digital photos, the photographic information of digital photos will also change. Therefore, you need to be very careful when choosing and using software to manage digital photos. If your digital camera manufacturer has its own software for processing and browsing digital photos, you should first choose, such as ZoomBrowser of Canon digital camera.

EX, PhotoStitch and other supporting software.

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Firmware upgrade of digital camera

We need to upgrade the BIOS of the computer motherboard from time to time to obtain more stable performance, so does the digital camera. By upgrading the firmware, we can improve the performance and function of the system. The firmware of a digital camera, like the BIOS of a computer motherboard, is burned on the chip. At present, the firmware of digital cameras mostly adopts erasable chips. We only need to use a simple tool software and corresponding data to upgrade the firmware of the digital camera.

With canon's PowerShot

Take G2 as an example. You can check and download the firmware package for upgrade from Canon's website first. After decompression, you will get one. " Fir file, which is the latest firmware program of G2. Next, copy this file to the memory card of your G2 camera. You can copy files to the memory card through the card reader first, and then insert the card into the camera. You can also connect the computer and the camera with a USB cable, select the mode of the camera to dial the file, and then run the UPLOADFIRMWARE.EXE in the firmware upgrade software package to transfer the file to the memory card.

After copying the file, you don't need to connect to the computer. When playing back the file, keep the camera mode dial to ensure that the digital camera has enough power support. Consider connecting an external power supply to ensure sufficient power. Open the menu, you can play files on the camera and select an additional "company" in the menu.

"Update" option, press the confirmation key, and the firmware upgrade will begin. After about tens of seconds, the camera is upgraded, followed by a crisp start sound, and a "updated" prompt will appear on the LCD screen.

"Already", restart the camera, and the entire firmware upgrade is completed.

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Cleaning skills of lens

Camera lens is a very precise part, and its surface is coated with anti-reflection coating. Be careful not to touch it directly, because it will stick with oil stains and fingerprints, which will do great harm to the coating and affect the quality of photos taken by digital cameras.

After the camera is used, the lens will be more or less stained with dust. The best way is to blow it off with a balloon or gently brush it off with a soft brush. If you can't blow it off or brush it off, gently wipe it with a special lens cloth or lens paper, but remember a principle, don't wipe the lens unless you have to. Never use soft paper such as paper towels to clean the lens. These papers all contain wood pulp, which scratches the coating easily. Carelessness will seriously damage the fragile coating on the camera lens. Before wiping, make sure that there are no visible dust particles on the surface to avoid dust particles rubbing the lens. When wiping, gently wipe in the same direction, and don't rub it back and forth repeatedly to avoid rubbing the lens. If this still doesn't work, there are also special camera cleaning liquids on the market, but it should be noted that when using the cleaning liquid, you should wipe the lens with the cleaning liquid on the lens paper, and you can't drop the cleaning liquid directly on the lens.

In addition, never use other chemicals to wipe the lens at will, and only use cleaning liquid when it is very necessary. Usually pay attention to cover the lens cover and use the camera bag to reduce the cleaning times. Cleaning solution will still do harm to the lens, which may bring some wet problems.

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Protection of LCD screen

Color LCD screen is an important feature of digital camera, which is not only expensive, but also easy to be damaged, so it needs special protection during use. First of all, we should pay attention to avoid scratching the color LCD screen with hard objects. Some color LCD screens have protective films on their surfaces, and some don't. The color LCD screen without protective film is very fragile, and any scratch will leave traces. You can consider using the protective sticker used on the PDA screen, which has a certain effect on protecting the color LCD screen.

In addition, attention should be paid not to let the surface of the color LCD screen be squeezed by heavy objects, and special attention should be paid to avoid the damage of high temperature to the color LCD screen. As the temperature rises, the color LCD screen will turn black. After reaching a certain temperature, even if the temperature drops to a normal state, the color LCD screen cannot be restored. However, the brightness of some color liquid crystal displays will decrease with the decrease of temperature. When the temperature is quite low, the brightness of the LCD will be very low. Once the temperature rises, the brightness will automatically return to normal, which is a normal phenomenon.

In addition, there is a light behind the color LCD screen, which is invisible from the surface. If the image displayed on the color LCD is dark, or there are spots on the displayed image, or the image cannot be displayed at all, it is mostly caused by the aging of the light bulb. In this case, it is generally only necessary to replace the corresponding light bulb. If the surface of the color LCD screen is dirty, the cleaning method can refer to the method of cleaning the lens. After cleaning, dry it with a dry cotton cloth.

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Maintenance and maintenance of memory card

For digital photography, memory card plays a very important role in the process of photography. However, due to the simple use of memory cards, memory cards are often damaged due to careless use and handling by users.

The first principle of protecting the memory card is to always install and remove the memory card only when the digital camera is turned off. Users often make the mistake of taking the memory card out of the camera in a hurry. Although the power has been turned off, the storage speed of some cameras is slow, or it takes a long time for graphics files to be large. The camera may appear to be stopped, but in fact, the storage action is still in progress. At this point, if half of the files are damaged, the memory card may be permanently damaged. So I suggest you turn off the camera and wait for a while or pay attention to the fact that the camera's lights are completely turned off before taking out the memory card.

Secondly, don't format the memory card at will. When using the camera to format the memory card, pay attention to whether the camera has enough power. When using a computer to format a memory card, pay attention to choosing an accurate format. If you use Windows.

For XP and other operating systems, it should be noted that the default FAT32 format is incorrect when the system is formatted. Generally, digital cameras adopt FAT format.

At the same time, you need to pay attention to avoid using and storing the memory card in high temperature and high humidity environment, and don't put the memory card in high temperature and direct sunlight. Avoid physical injuries such as heavy pressure, bending, falling and impact, and stay away from static electricity, magnetic fields, liquids and corrosive substances. When taking out the memory card, please avoid touching the storage medium of the memory card. If the contact point of the memory card slot becomes dirty after long-term use, which makes it impossible to store and read information, you can blow it with compressed air and never wipe it with a small stick, otherwise it may cause more problems.

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Use and maintenance of batteries

Different from traditional cameras, digital cameras have a great demand for electricity. Therefore, lithium batteries and Ni-MH batteries, which can be reused and have a large amount of electricity, are increasingly welcomed by users of digital cameras. However, whether it is a lithium battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery, there are many places to pay attention to in the use, storage and carrying of various batteries.

Ni-MH battery has memory effect, which will reduce the total capacity and service life of the battery. As time goes on, the stored charge will be less and less, and the battery consumption will be faster and faster. Therefore, you should try to use up all the electricity before charging. If you use it?

What is metering mode?

Camera metering mode

Most digital cameras or traditional fool cameras have these metering methods: center average metering, center part metering, spot metering and evaluation metering. These photometry methods can basically cope with all the current shooting, but in the photo studio and some professional occasions or advertising shooting, photographers still rely on the value of the exposure instrument to shoot.

First, the central key average measurement (or simply: central average measurement)

Central average metering is the most widely used metering mode, and almost all camera manufacturers regard it as the default metering mode. Central average photometry mainly takes into account that general photographers are used to putting the subject, that is, things that need accurate exposure, in the middle of the viewfinder, so this part of the shooting content is the most important. Therefore, the sensory elements responsible for metering will organically separate the overall metering value of the camera, and the metering data in the central part accounts for the vast majority, while the metering data outside the center of the screen plays an auxiliary role in metering as a small proportion. After the processor of the camera weights and averages these two values, the photographed camera photometric data is obtained. For example, Nikon's camera uses the central key to average metering, and the metering in the central part of Nikon's camera accounts for 75% of the total metering ratio (this ratio varies from brand to brand), and the metering data in other non-central parts gradually extend to the edge, accounting for 25%. exist