Questions about the moon

[Edit this paragraph] Overview of Chang 'e-1

Chang 'e 1 is the first lunar probe independently developed and launched by China. Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite, a Chinese lunar exploration project, was developed by China Academy of Space Technology and named after Chang 'e, an ancient mythical figure in China. The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is an ancient myth circulating in China. Chang 'e-1 is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyze the distribution characteristics of related material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of lunar soil and detect the space environment of the earth and the moon. The whole process of "flying to the moon" takes about 8 ~ 9 days. Chang 'e-1 runs in a circular polar orbit 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon. The working life of Chang 'e-1 is 1 year, and it flies around the moon for one year. Never return to earth after the mission. With the successful launch of Chang 'e-1, China became the fifth country in the world to launch a lunar probe.

It is not difficult to achieve military use in outer space.

From the perspective of science and technology, it will promote the leap-forward development of space technology in China and the all-round development of basic science in China. Lunar exploration will promote the development of cosmology, comparative planetology, lunar science, Earth planetary science, space physics, materials science, environmental science and other disciplines, and the development of these disciplines will drive the cross-infiltration of more disciplines. At present, scientists in China often rely on materials provided by other countries to understand the moon, thus losing many opportunities to study the moon.

From the cultural point of view, the successful launch of Chang 'e-1 is of great significance. Exploring the moon has brought "subversive changes" to the concept of social development. For the first time, human beings broke free from the bondage of gravity at the same time, entered the infinite space outside the earth and touched the surface of the moon on the spot. Various scientific theories explored by human beings have been partially verified or falsified. The chronicle of human civilization has entered the "world of light speed" from the national territory and the earth's vision, which is another great leap.

The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon's success has brought the people of China firm confidence in accelerating development, just like the joy of Chinese people all over the world after China exploded the atomic bomb. China has always been a big country, but China lost its status a long time ago. The strong hope of the country brought by each success is an inspiration to the people of China, further inspiring new successes and gaining great national motivation. The spirit of tackling difficulties and the sense of innovation brought by "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" have become the precious spiritual wealth of the whole people. "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" is a public event of national concern. The popular science knowledge and significance of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" were spread in various forms through the media, and the public received patriotic education and scientific enlightenment in a good atmosphere.

[Edit this paragraph] Chang 'e-1 and China's lunar exploration project

China's lunar exploration project has been brewing for 10 years, and it is finally determined that China's lunar exploration project can be divided into three stages: around the moon, falling to the moon and returning.

The first phase of the lunar orbit project will launch the lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e-1" in 2007 to detect the lunar surface environment, topography, geomorphology, geological structure and physical field.

The second phase of the project is planned from 2007 to 20 10, with the goal of developing and launching spacecraft and landing on the moon in a soft landing mode for exploration. The specific scheme is to use patrol cars and automatic robots that landed safely on the lunar surface to detect the composition of rocks and minerals in the landing area, measure the heat flow and surrounding environment at the landing site, and take high-resolution photography and on-site detection or sampling analysis of lunar rocks, so as to provide chemical and physical parameters of the lunar surface for future lunar base site selection.

The third phase of the project is planned to be 20 1 1 until 2020, with the goal of lunar patrol and sampling return. In the early stage, we mainly developed and launched a new soft landing lunar patrol car to patrol the landing area. Later, after 20 15, a small sampling return cabin, a lunar rock drill, a lunar sampler and a robotic manipulator were developed and launched. The key samples were collected and returned to the earth to investigate the landing zone, providing data for the next manned lunar exploration and the establishment of the lunar outpost. The completion of this project will take China's space technology to a new level.

[Edit this paragraph] Information about Chang 'e-1

Chang 'e I is a portrait of the moon.

The lunar exploration project is the first stage of lunar exploration in China, that is, the development and launch of the first lunar exploration satellite. The satellite flies around the moon at a height of 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon and sends the detected data back to the ground.

With a design life of 1 year, Chang 'e-1 satellite will carry a variety of scientific instruments to explore the moon, such as stereo camera, imaging spectrometer, laser altimeter, microwave radiometer, solar cosmic rays detector and low-energy ion detector. During its mission around the moon, it mainly obtains three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, analyzes the distribution characteristics of useful elements and material types on the lunar surface, detects the thickness of lunar soil, and detects the space environment of the earth and the moon. Among them, the first three items are projects that have not been carried out abroad, and the fourth item is that Chang 'e-1 has obtained space environment parameters beyond 80,000 kilometers for the first time. In addition, the United States has explored five kinds of resources on the moon, and Chang 'e-1 will explore 14 kinds, among which the important target is helium -3 resources on the moon. Helium -3 is an important fuel that is safe, efficient, clean and pollution-free. According to statistics, helium -3 on the moon can meet the power supply needs of human beings 1 10,000 years. The content of helium -3 in lunar soil can reach 5 million tons.

For the first time, the comprehensive physical examination of Chang 'e-1 is facing the test of "sunset".

From 65438+20071October 24th, Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite has successfully flown 16 days. From165438+1October 8, engineers have started on-orbit testing of its own functions and the detection instruments it carries to see if they can work normally when flying around the moon.

From the afternoon of 20071October 91kloc-0/7: 29, Chang' e-1 satellite faced a brand-new challenge, that is, the Yogyakarta phenomenon. "Riling" means that the data receiving antennas of the sun, the exploration satellite and the ground station are just in a straight line, and the powerful electromagnetic waves generated by the sun will interfere with the antenna of the ground station receiving satellite signals, thus causing communication interruption. In the event of a solar eclipse, some instructions to be executed will be injected in advance and put on the satellite when it is impossible to guarantee continuous tracking of the satellite. Even if we can't track the satellite, we can execute the satellite normally according to the instructions we set on the satellite in advance to ensure the safety of the satellite.

Experts estimate that the Yogyakarta phenomenon will last until 1 1 1 morning. For the Chang 'e-1 satellite to explore the moon, China launched a large antenna with newer equipment and more powerful functions; Before the satellite launch, researchers have calculated the specific time when Yogyakarta occurred, which can effectively prevent and reduce the interference of Yogyakarta on the Chang 'e-1 communication circuit. Under normal circumstances, the interference of Chang 'e-1 will not affect its mission to explore the moon.

China released the first image of the moon sent back by Chang 'e-1.

Moon 20071October 26th, 165438+ China National Space Administration officially released the first image of the moon returned by Chang 'e-1 satellite, marking the success of China's first lunar exploration project. The CCD stereo camera on Chang 'e-1 satellite obtained the first moon image of China's first lunar exploration project. CCD camera obtains images by linear push-sweep. The height of the orbit is about 200km, the width of each orbit is 60km, and the pixel resolution is 120m m ... The first image of the moon in China * * * is made of the image of 19, which is located at 83 degrees east longitude to 57 degrees east longitude and 70 degrees south latitude to 54 degrees south latitude. This map is about 280 kilometers wide and 460 kilometers long. The 60 km wide strip on the right side of the picture is the first track image obtained by turning on the CCD camera. On June 9th, 2007, China National Space Administration released some lunar exploration data, including the local three-dimensional landscape map of the first lunar image of China's first lunar exploration project.

China released Chang 'e-1' s image of the "Wanhukeng" on the back of the moon.

Wanhukeng On June 5438+February 2007 1 1, China National Space Administration released the back image of the moon for the first time, which was shot by Chang 'e-1 satellite launched by China. The picture shows the "Wan Hu Crater" named after the ancients of China on the back of the moon. Include orthophoto map, digital elevation model map and color coded topographic map. Wan Hu Crater is located at 9.8 degrees south latitude and 138.8 degrees west longitude on the back of the moon, with a diameter of 52 kilometers, which cannot be directly seen from the earth.

In 1970s, this crater was named "Wan Hu Crater" by the International Astronomical Union after Wan Hu in Ming Dynasty in China. Wan Hu, an official of the Ming Dynasty in China, tied himself to a chair with 47 homemade rockets. Everyone held a big kite, lit it and soared into the sky, creating a feat of flying dreams in the history of China and becoming the first person to try to fly in the history of human civilization.

[Edit this paragraph] The latest news of Chang 'e-1

China's National Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense announced on the 24th that as of today, Chang 'e-1, the first lunar exploration satellite independently developed and successfully launched by China, has successfully completed its one-year on-orbit operation and detection mission as planned, and * * * has obtained1.37 TB (1TB =1024 GB) scientific detection data.

After the exploration mission, Chang 'e-1 satellite also sent back the last sound to the ground from its orbit around the moon, which is 380,000 kilometers away from the Earth: "After a year of space travel, my mission has ended. I wish China's lunar exploration project will continue to create new glories under the guidance of the principle of "independent innovation, key leap, supporting development and leading the future". "

The relevant person in charge of the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau said that at present, the "Chang 'e-1" satellite is in good condition, and the remaining fuel can still support the satellite to continue working and carry out related exploration tasks in excess. The two overall decisions of Chang 'e project will make full use of the on-orbit resources of Chang 'e-1 satellite to carry out preliminary experiments for the follow-up projects, and relevant experts are demonstrating specific experimental projects.

[Edit this paragraph] Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration project commemorative gold coin

To commemorate the successful launch of China's first lunar exploration project, Chang 'e-1, which is a great event in the history of China's space flight, is also a great event attracting worldwide attention of the Chinese nation. The relevant departments made an exception and approved the issuance of the first lunar exploration gold coin-"Chang 'e-1 Gold Coin". This is the first time in China's space history to issue commemorative gold coins for the lunar exploration project. There are 6 gold coins * * *, which consume more than 20 grams of 999,000 gold, each with a face value of $ kloc-0/50, with a total face value of $ * * 900. It is also equipped with a set of gold paintings made of10g 999 pure gold, which is the first wonderful interpretation of the Chinese nation's 5,000-year flying journey from dream to reality from the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, the first satellite to Shenzhou 5 and the manned flight of Shenzhou VI, the launch of Chang 'e-1. A limited edition of 3,000 sets is issued worldwide.

No matter what collection plate it is, "precious metal+big theme+big face value+first set" = appreciation is already an iron law. The Chang 'e-1 commemorative coin consists of six 999 gold coins, each of which is110 ounce, and more than 20 grams of gold are consumed by gold coins alone. At the same time, it is equipped with the "China Flying Map" made of 10 grams of gold, which forms a rare coin painting in the history of space collection. The hard pass value of the whole set of gold coins is as high as 8000 yuan. Secondly, the world theme of the first lunar exploration. The relevant state departments will only issue gold coins when there is a great background and need, and it is only because of the out-of-print limit that miracles will occur. Thirdly, a full set of commemorative coins as high as 900 dollars will also provide a strong guarantee for the appreciation of gold coins. Finally, the "first set", in all types of collections, is the "first", the increase is amazing. . Chang 'e-1 commemorative gold coin is the first lunar exploration gold coin issued in China, and its appreciation is immeasurable.

[Edit this paragraph] Chang 'e-1 satellite successfully ran to the moon.

On March/KOOC-0/day, 2009,/KOOC-0/6:/KOOC-0/3:/KOOC-0/0, China Chang 'e-1 satellite successfully flew to the moon.

Slow down, fall, crash ... Beijing time March/KOOC-0/day/KOOC-0/6/KOOC-0/3/KOOC-0/0 second, the Chang 'e-1 satellite accurately landed at 52.36 degrees east longitude and 50 degrees south latitude/KOOC-0/0 second under the precise control of the scientific and technical personnel of Beijing Aerospace Control Center.

During the impact, the CCD camera carried by Chang 'e-1 satellite sent back clear real-time images.

So far, after 494 days' flight, the quiet and distant land of the moon has finally become the final destination of China's first "Moon Messenger". With the accurate implementation of the "controlled impact on the moon", the first phase of China's lunar exploration project also ended in perfection.

The reporter saw in the Beijing Aerospace Control Center that in order to ensure the successful "collision control" of the Chang 'e-1 satellite, the flight control team of the Chang 'e-1 mission chose to control the collision at the time when the two monitoring and control stations in Qingdao and Kashgar could simultaneously carry out measurement and control. 15: 36, Chang' e-1 satellite began to slow down and landed successfully in the rich waters of the moon in 16: 13: 10 seconds.

Chang 'e-1 satellite was launched in xichang satellite launch center on 20071October 24th1July, and embarked on a journey to the moon. 1October 7, 165438, entered the orbit around the moon for 200 kilometers. By June 5438+00, 2008, it was still in good condition after completing various exploration tasks scheduled to be in orbit for one year.

In order to make full use of the valuable on-orbit resources of Chang 'e-1 satellite and accumulate data and experience for the follow-up mission, the leading group of China's lunar exploration project decided to use Chang 'e-1 satellite to carry out 10 verification tests of satellite orbit change ability and orbit determination ability according to the principle of "from high orbit to low risk". From 165438+20081October 8th, the scheduled plan was successfully implemented. The orbit of Chang 'e-1 satellite was reduced from 200 km to 100 km, then to the apogee 100 km and the perigee 15 km, and then to 100 km.

"The second phase of China's lunar exploration project is determined to achieve a soft landing with a large technical span. In order to accumulate the experience of lunar collision process control and orbit determination, and reduce the risk of subsequent projects, it is decided to control the collision between satellites and the moon at the end of their life. " Wu Shuo, chief designer of China's lunar exploration project.

While the first phase of China's lunar exploration project ended perfectly, the second phase of China's lunar exploration project was under great pressure. Wu revealed that the work of the second phase of the project has been fully carried out, and the lander and patrol technology are important key technologies in the project.

Since its launch, Chang 'e-1 satellite has flown for 494 days, including 482 days around the moon. During this period, it experienced three eclipses and five positive/horizontal flight attitude changes. * * * returned the effective scientific detection data of 1.37TB, and obtained a series of scientific research results, such as the image of the whole moon, the distribution of some chemical elements on the surface of the moon, the thickness of soil on the surface of the moon, etc. It has successfully achieved the engineering and scientific goals and is the follow-up of China's lunar exploration.

[Edit this paragraph] Eight wonderful footprints of Chang 'e-1

On March/KOOC-0/day, 2009,/KOOC-0/6:/KOOC-0/3:/KOOC-0/0, China's first lunar exploration vehicle, Chang 'e-1, left its body on the distant moon forever, together with its last glory.

From launching into space to chasing dreams, and then hitting the moon accurately and controllably, several wonderful footprints of China's first lunar exploration will always remain in people's memory and human lunar exploration atlas.

One of the footprints: dream of taking off

20071October 24th, 18: 05, xichang satellite launch center.

Chang 'e-1 satellite was successfully launched by the Long March 3A carrier rocket. 18: 30, Xu Xingjian separated, and the satellite entered the predetermined large elliptical orbit at a speed of nearly 8 kilometers per second over the Pacific Ocean; 19: 09, Chang 'e-1 was successfully launched, and Chang 'e's trip to the moon officially began.

Footprint 2: The Great Shift between the Earth and the Moon

10,31,17: 08, 2007, 600 kilometers over the South Pacific.

The bottom engine of Chang 'e-1 satellite ignited. The engine with 490 Newton thrust was ignited continuously for more than minutes 10, so that the flying speed of Chang 'e, which weighed more than 2,300 kilograms, increased to more than 10.58 km/s, and entered a "celestial road" designed by Chinese scientists to connect the earth and the moon, that is, the earth-moon transfer orbit, and successfully rendezvous with the moon.

Footprint 3: Become a "Moon Satellite"

In 2007,111:00, near the moon.

The first braking in recent months, that is, "braking", was implemented accurately. Chang 'e was successfully captured by the gravity of the moon, and entered the elliptical orbit of the moon with a period of 12 hours, a perilunar point of 2 10 kilometers and an apogee of 8,600 kilometers, and threw herself into the embrace of the moon, becoming a real "moon satellite".

Footprint 4: Enter the "mission track"

In 2007,165438+1October 7, 127 minutes of the lunar orbit.

Marked by the accurate entry of Chang 'e-1 satellite into the orbit around the moon with an altitude of 1.27 minutes and 200 kilometers, the longest "Long March" in China's space history was declared a success in an almost perfect way. The first flight mission of Chang 'e-1 achieved "accurate launch, accurate orbit entry, accurate measurement and control, accurate orbit change and successful orbit around the moon".

Footprint 5: The first map of the moon appeared in China.

20071October 26th, 165438+9: 40, 380,000 kilometers away from the moon's orbit.

A voice from Chang 'e-1 and the song "Singing the Motherland" 165438+ were sent back from the lunar orbit on the morning of1October 26th. At about 9: 40, the first moon image of China's first lunar exploration project was spread all over the world through Xinhua News Agency.

Footprint 6: The first polar image of the moon was released.

On June 365438+1October 3 1 day, 2008, the former Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense officially released the first image of the polar region of the moon taken by Chang 'e-1 satellite.

This is the first time that China has obtained such an image. According to the overall planning of the project, the imaging range required by the CCD camera on Chang 'e-1 satellite is within 70 degrees north and south latitude of the moon. After evaluating the ability of CCD camera, scientists began to use the camera to carry out optical imaging experiments on the moon's north and south poles above 70 degrees from 65438+1October 4, and obtained high-quality images.

Footprint 7: China's first "Full Moon Image Map" was released.

2008 165438+ 10/2, 15: 05.

The "China's first full moon image map" produced by Chang 'e-1 shooting data was released. The image map covers the range from 180 degrees west longitude to 180 degrees east longitude and 90 degrees north and south latitude. This is the most complete image in the published moon image map in the world.

Footprint 8: hitting the moon-the last touch of life is gorgeous

March 2009, 1, 16, 13, 10 second.

Under the precise control of scientific and technical personnel, Chang 'e-1 satellite landed accurately on the designated area of the lunar surface at 52.36 degrees east longitude and 65,438 0.50 degrees south latitude, successfully completing a hard landing. The moment it hit the surface of the moon was also the last glory of China's first lunar exploration.

[Edit this paragraph] 30 songs carried by Chang 'e-1.