A brief history of surveying and mapping development

1,1end of 7 years

I.Newton in Britain and C.Huygens in the Netherlands first discussed the shape of the earth from the mechanical point of view, and put forward that the earth is an ellipsoid with slightly flat poles, which is called oblateness theory.

21early 9th century

With the improvement of measurement accuracy, through the study of arc measurement results in different places, it is found that the difference between the vertical direction on which the measurement is based and the normal direction of the earth ellipsoid can not be ignored. Therefore, P.S. Laplace of France and C.F. Gauss of Germany successively pointed out that the shape of the earth cannot be represented by a rotating ellipsoid.

3. Since 1950s.

Surveying and mapping technology is developing towards electronization and automation. In addition to triangulation, precise traverse survey and trilateration can also be used for geodetic positioning methods. At the same time, the appearance of photogrammetry instruments with electronic equipment and computer control has promoted the development of analytical mapping technology.

Surveying and mapping classification

With the development of surveying and mapping technology and the passage of time, sub-disciplines such as geodesy, general surveying, photogrammetry, engineering surveying and marine surveying and mapping have been formed in the process of development. Geodesy is a theory and method to study and determine the shape, size and gravity field of the earth, as well as the geometric position of ground points.

General surveying studies the theory and method of control survey and topographic mapping in local areas of the earth's surface. Local area means that when surveying and mapping in this area, the curvature of the earth can be ignored and treated as a plane without affecting the accuracy of surveying and mapping.

Photogrammetry studies the theory and method of collecting the image information of the measured object by camera or other sensors, and then processing and analyzing it to determine the shape, size and position of the measured object and judge its properties.

Above content reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Surveying and Mapping