Please tell me about wolves.

Phylum: Chordata phylum

Subphylum: Vertebrate subphylum

Class: mammals

Subclass: animals

Objective: Carnivores.

Family: Canidae

Subdivision; Caninae

Genus: Canidae.

The shape of a wolf is similar to that of a wolf dog, but the kiss is slightly longer, the mouth is slightly wider and the ears are erect. The tail hangs straight; This coat is brown and gray. It has a wide range of habitats and strong adaptability. Wolves live in mountains, forests, grasslands, deserts, semi-deserts and even tundra. China has production in all provinces except Taiwan Province and Hainan. Wolves are both heat and cold resistant. Night activities. Sensitive sense of smell and good hearing. Cruel and alert, extremely good at running, often using to chase prey. Omnivorous, mainly feeding on deer, antelope and rabbits. Sometimes eating insects, wild fruits or stealing pigs and sheep. He who can starve can also eat.

way of life

Wolves have a strong sense of class.

Wolves are highly gregarious species. The number of wolves is about 6 to 12, and it can reach more than 50 at most in cold winter. Usually, a family wolf is led by a dominant pair, while a group of brothers and sisters are led by the strongest wolf. Wolves have territory, usually their range of activities. If the number of individuals in the group increases, the territory will shrink. The domain ranges between groups do not overlap, and the ranges will be announced to other groups through howling. Young wolves will stay in the group to take care of their brothers and sisters when they grow up, or they may inherit the dominant position in the group, and some will migrate out (mostly male wolves). In some cases, there will be migrating wolves, with hundreds of people as a group and wolves of different family levels. The original wolf head of each small group will become the first wolf, and the best wolf will become the wolf king. Generally, wild wolves can live for 12- 16 years, and some artificially raised wolves can live for about 20 years. The running speed is extremely fast, up to about 55 kilometers, and the wolf's persistence is also very good. They have the ability to run at a speed of 10 km/h (six miles) for a long time, and can chase and sprint at a speed close to 65 km/h (45 miles). If it is a long-distance race, the wolf will even surpass the cheetah. I have a high IQ, and I can communicate by smell and crying. Wolf is a carnivorous omnivore and a key link in the biological chain.

living environment

Wolves mainly prey on medium and large mammals. Studies show that wolves play a key role in controlling the local ecological balance, and their only natural enemy is human beings. The wolf's mouth is long and narrow, with 42 teeth. Wolves have five kinds of teeth, incisors, canines, premolars, cleft teeth and molars. There are four canine teeth, two on the top and two on the bottom, and the length can reach 1.5 inch (2.8 cm), which is enough to pierce the skin of prey and cause great damage. There are also four cracked teeth, which are differentiated from molars and are also the characteristics of eating meat. Cracked teeth are used to cut meat. 12 The upper and lower six front teeth are relatively small and are used for biting.

Growth and reproduction

Wolves are the most widely distributed carnivores. Even among all mammals, their distribution range is only smaller than that of humans and a few other rodents. They are distributed in most parts of the northern hemisphere, including grasslands, tundra, coniferous forests and deciduous forests, swamps and deserts. But behind this, the reality that gray wolves face is that in most areas, they are on the verge of extinction! They once lived in the whole northern hemisphere, Canada, the United States (except Hawaii) and Mexico in North America, most countries in Europe, almost all of Russia, parts of East Asia, the Middle East, India and Nepal. But up to now, except the northern states, there are no traces of wolves in most parts of the United States (wolves are being reintroduced in many parts of the United States because of their irreplaceable position in the ecosystem this year), and the wild wolves in Mexico have become extinct in 1960, as well as in most parts of Asia. The situation in Europe is the worst. Except Spain, Italy, Poland, Greece and Turkey, and a few wolves, almost all other areas are extinct.

Edit this wolf's territory

The wolf's territory is very large, generally ranging from 94 to 1300 square kilometers (average 1200 square kilometers).

our country

China was once one of the countries with the largest number of wolves. But the number of wolves has never been systematically investigated, so it is difficult to get an accurate number. A recent survey on the population number of wolves in Hulunbeier grassland of Inner Mongolia shows that the number of wolves does not exceed 2000. At present, the areas that produce the most wolves are still northwest, Inner Mongolia, northeast and parts of Xinjiang. However, due to the serious destruction of the living environment and the long-term man-made large-scale killing, the distribution area of wolves in China has been greatly reduced, from the previous national distribution to the area north of 30 degrees north latitude, which is basically a block distribution, and has been basically extinct in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Even in the northern forest areas and grasslands, wolves are only occasionally seen. There is no reserve specially set up to protect wolves. Distribution: Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang are distributed in the following protected areas: Tiantangzhai, Baishui River (Gansu), Burgen Beaver, Ling Xue spruce, Tomur Peak, Xishui, Fan Jingshan, Dongzhai Bird, Jiyuan Macaque, Jigong Mountain, Baotianman (Neixiang), Honghe Xingkai Lake, Jiugong Mountain, Shennongjia, Tao Hongling Jinggangshan Laotouzi Luoshan Liupanshan (Ningxia) Qinghai Lake Bird Island Pangquangou Taibai Mountain Foping Wolong Jinfo Mountain Mangkang Yunnan Golden Monkey Everest Tarim Populus euphratica Ganjiahu Haloxylon Forest Dawei Mountain Nujiang Gaoligongshan Gaoligongshan Copper Wall Guan Liang Qingfeng Tianmu Mountain (Zhejiang) Ancient Tianshan Sanjiang (Heilongjiang) Sai Han Wula Baxian Mountain Ejina Populus euphratica Forest Nanjing South Asia Tropical Rainforest is distributed in the following mountains and lakes: Altun Mountain Zhongtiao Mountain Dabie Mountain Guandi Mountain Helan Mountain Karakorum Mountain Kunlun Mountain-West Kunlun Mountain-China Xiangshan Wutai Mountain Liupanshan Luya Mountain Taiyue Mountain Taihang Mountain Liangqing Tianshan Junggar Boundary Mountain and its mountain valley Pamir Plateau Funiu Mountain Poyang Lake Kunlun Mountain.

world

Endangered reason: 1. Wolves have been hunted for a long time as "pests". 2. Wolves like to live in places with little human intervention, abundant food and certain hidden conditions. However, with the rapid growth of population and the expansion of human activities, the range of wolves is getting narrower and narrower. The endangered factor is that wolves are rare in some countries and have been listed as endangered species. But in many countries, it is not included in the protection of animals. In some countries, including China, the distribution area of wolves has been reduced due to environmental damage. For a long time in China, wolves were eliminated as pests and were rewarded for encouraging the killing of pests. Coupled with the shrinking habitat, the number of wolves has decreased significantly in recent decades, and many wolves in the past have disappeared. The wolf's fur is of good quality, and some of its organs are used as medicine, which is also a factor leading to hunting. In the case of artificial breeding, wolves are widely distributed and are common species, and there are not many zoos at home and abroad to watch. Wolf Park in lafayette, Indiana, USA once raised 150 wolves, which is the place with the largest number of wolves in the world. The number of wolves raised in China is unknown. At present, the existing protection measures list Mexican wolves as wild extinction (EW), Portuguese and Spanish wolves as low risk (LR/cd) and Italian wolves as vulnerable (VU)(IUCN, 1996). The International Convention on Endangered Species (CITES) lists wolves as Appendix II species, and the wolf populations in Bhutan, Nepal, India and Pakistan as Appendix I species. This shows the importance attached to protecting wolves. Influenced by the long-standing concept, the current laws in China do not protect wolves. On the contrary, it is still generally believed that wolves are harmful animals and should be eliminated. Suggestions on protection measures 1) Carry out scientific research, comprehensively investigate the population number and subspecies differentiation of wolves in China, find out the distribution and population status of wolves, scientifically evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and thus formulate a series of protection and control measures. 2) To strengthen legal management, we should consider prohibiting the arbitrary killing of wolves. In areas where wolves are seriously endangered, taking necessary measures to control the number of wolves must also be carried out in a leading and organized manner on the basis of expert evaluation. 3) Strengthen international cooperation, especially with neighboring countries such as CIS, Mongolia, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Edit this paragraph "Wolf in Human Mind"

Be cruel to your prey, but don't always attack humans. ⊙ Cooperation: Wolves live together. Generally, there are seven horses in a group, and each horse should bear a responsibility for the prosperity and development of the group. Unity: The tacit cooperation between wolves has become the decisive factor for the success of wolves. No matter what they do, they can always rely on the strength of the group to complete it. Endurance: Keen observation, single-minded goal, tacit cooperation, curiosity, attention to detail and persistent patience make wolves always succeed. Perseverance: The wolf's attitude is very simple, that is, the unswerving yearning for success. Struggle: Nothing can take the place of perseverance in the life of a wolf. It is precisely because of this that wolves can survive through hardships, and their ability to control change makes them one of the most tenacious animals on earth. Harmony: In order to survive, wolves always maintain a harmonious relationship with the natural environment and do not participate in unnecessary disputes and conflicts. Loyalty: wolves have great feelings for animals that have treated them well and can repay them with their lives. Wolf culture Wolf is one of the most successful animals. Never extinct or tamed for thousands of years. The wolf's life under the law of survival of the fittest is full of philosophical flavor, so we dare not call it "wolf's philosophy". In the animal kingdom, the wolf is one of the most orderly and disciplined animals, showing a strong team spirit. Ten characteristics of wolves: First, for the sake of so-called dignity, wolves will not attack anything stronger than themselves when they are weak. Second, all wolves are United: if wolves face something stronger than themselves, they will attack them in droves. Third, self-knowledge: the wolf also wants to be a beastmaster, but the wolf knows that he is a wolf, not a tiger. Fourth, go with the flow: wolves know how to get the maximum return at the least cost. 5. Advance and retreat together: Although wolves usually act alone, they are the most United animals. You won't find any wolf running away alone when his companion is injured. Six, the appearance is the same: the wolf also wants to be a kind animal, but the wolf also knows that his stomach can only digest meat, so the only thing the wolf can do is to eat every prey cleanly. Seven, know yourself and know yourself: the wolf respects every opponent. The wolf will know the opponent before each attack and will not despise it, so the wolf rarely makes mistakes in his life. Eight, wolves also love: the male wolf will protect the female wolf after she is pregnant until the little wolf has the ability to be independent. Nine, teach people to fish: when wolves have independent ability, they will resolutely leave wolves, because wolves know that if they can't be wolves, they can only be sheep. Ten, freedom is precious: wolves will not shake their heads to their owners for food. Because the wolf knows that there can be no arrogance, but there can be no pride, so the wolf sometimes hums a song of freedom alone.

Edit this wolf in Japanese folklore

The wolf (Ookami) is regarded as the royal dog and the messenger of the mountain god. In Ye Ji, the wolf is known as the "true god with a big mouth", and the saitama Fuyi Sanfeng Shrine and Shizuoka Yamato Shrine also regard the wolf as the "true god with a big mouth", and distribute things with pictures of the wolf as gifts to people who go to sacrifice. Believers believe that these figures can avoid evil spirits and disasters, so they hang them at the door. According to the legend in the north middle school of Okayama Prefecture, the wolf surrounded the grave three times, and when there is a hole in the grave, the body will stick out from there.

Edit the relevant analysis of this paragraph.

Mortality and causes

Most of the deaths of adult wolves are caused by hunting and poaching, car accidents and injuries. Although adult wolves are occasionally killed by competitors or prey, their most dangerous enemy is not human beings, but wolves themselves. The study on the mortality rate of wolves shows that 14%-65% of wolves died because of other wolves. In addition, wolves can be infected by domestic dogs, such as rabies, parvovirus and canine distemper.

Behavior patterns and body language

Generally speaking, the dominant wolf will be quite tall, with straight legs, firm demeanor and upright ears. The wolf turns his stomach to show his love and please (absolute trust)

The tail usually curls back longitudinally. This behavior shows that a wolf with high status and dominance may be staring at a wolf with low status and passive attitude towards Nuo Nuo. Active-when playing, the wolf will squat down, his lips and ears will be pulled apart, and sometimes he will lick or stick out his tongue quickly. Anger-An angry wolf's ears will stand up, his back hair will stand up, his lips will roll up or turn back, his front teeth will be exposed, and sometimes he will bow his back or growl. Fear-When afraid, wolves try to make their bodies look smaller and less conspicuous, or arch their backs and take back their tails.

Wolf and dog

Dogs are pets that often appear in human daily life. Dogs are actually descendants of domesticated wolves. The ancestors of dogs are wolves in East Asia. After analyzing the DNA of hundreds of dogs from Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, scientists found that all dogs in the world have similar gene sequences, so they concluded that all domestic dogs in the world evolved from East Asian wolves about 6.5438+0.5 million years ago. The ancestors of these dogs and the earliest settlers in America crossed Asia and Europe through the Bering Strait to America. Scientists in Sweden and China have studied the genes of 654 dogs and found that the genes of East Asian dogs are very diverse, which indicates that East Asians tamed wolves into dogs at the earliest. Wolf and dog

The research results were published in the latest issue of Science. Peter Savorein, a researcher from the Royal Swedish Institute of Technology who led the study, said that there was little evidence that humans initially speculated that the ancestors of dogs came from the Middle East, because some archaeological discoveries in the Middle East proved that many animals were tamed in this area. Researchers in the United States, Latin America and Sweden found that dogs with genes similar to East Asian wolves appeared in America before European settlers came to America in the15th century. This shows that the first settlers who arrived in America through the Bering Strait from 1.2 to 1.4 million years ago came to America with tame dogs. Karl Vera, a researcher at Uppsala University in the United States, said that the existence of dogs can explain why settlers in the American continent spread relatively quickly. The two studies differ on when dogs were domesticated from wolves. The dog's mandible was first discovered in Germany, about 6.5438+0.4 million years ago. The research teams of scientists from Sweden and China believe that DNA analysis and archaeological findings show that this dog was domesticated 6.5438+0.5 million years ago. Knowledge expansion: At present, among purebred dogs, there are three kinds of dogs closest to wolves: Siberian Husky, Czech Wolfhound, and Sallus Wolfhound. The subspecies classification of gray wolves is controversial. It is generally believed that there were about 50 subspecies in the past. However, a new widely accepted list divides wolves into 17 existing subspecies and 2 recently extinct subspecies. This classification takes into account the anatomy, distribution and migration habits of different wolves.

Edit this wolf proverb

When a wolf knows his goal, the world will make way for him. It's not terrible to be caught, it's not terrible to starve to death, the most terrible thing is to lose your ambition and ambition and become a begging dog! Therefore, living is to conquer, and anything on the grassland will become my trophy!