What are the key inspection items for women's accurate physical examination?

1. Cervical cancer examination

Human papillomavirus and TCT are common in cervical cancer screening programs.

(1) human papillomavirus test

Human papillomavirus is the abbreviation of human papillomavirus, which is a small DNA virus. There are many types of human papillomavirus infection, and some types of human papillomavirus infection are potentially carcinogenic. The human papillomavirus test mainly detects whether people carry the human papillomavirus. It can be examined by staining microscope, human papillomavirus DNA detection or serological test.

Human papillomavirus is an examination of the reasons. Because human papillomavirus can lurk in the body for 10 years or even longer, it is very important to take human papillomavirus detection as a part of routine screening, which can improve the early detection rate and finally prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer.

(2)TCT inspection

TCT is short for liquid-based thin-layer cytology. Liquid-based thin-layer cytological examination system is the most advanced cytological examination technology for cervical cancer in the world.

If conditions permit, after the age of 25, you can do gynecological examination of human papillomavirus and TCT at the same time. The former can find out whether there is a cause, and the latter can explain whether there are changes in cells, that is, precancerous lesions.

2. Ultrasonic examination of uterus and ovary

Transvaginal ultrasound is a kind of intracavitary ultrasound, which is a method of placing an ultrasound probe directly in the vagina for ultrasound. Transvaginal ultrasound examination has high resolution for the images of uterus and ovary.

Transvaginal ultrasound provides a good way for gynecological ultrasound technology, which is obviously superior to transabdominal ultrasound in displaying subtle lesions such as uterus, ovary, fallopian tube and pelvic cavity, and can make a good differential diagnosis. For example, submucous myoma of uterus and endometrial polyp, cervical myoma and cervical cancer, submucous myoma of cervix and cervical polyp, whether endometrial cancer accumulates myometrium, ovarian micro-lesion, ovum duct lesion, etc. It can be displayed well, especially the display of blood flow signals is more sensitive.

3. Chlamydia venereal disease examination

Chlamydia is a group of tiny, immobile microorganisms that only grow in cells. It mainly exists in conjunctiva, pharynx, cervix, urethra and semen, urine and feces.

Chlamydia infection can be transmitted through sexual intercourse or contact infection in daily life. Such as clothes and utensils contaminated by hands, eyes or patients, or placental and perinatal transmission.

Chlamydia test is one of the five tests for prenatal eugenics. Chlamydia can affect sperm motility, infect fetuses and newborns, and cause premature delivery, stillbirth, low birth weight infants and neonatal meningitis.

Women are infected with mycoplasma hominis, and the early manifestation is mycoplasma cervicitis. In the future, mycoplasma will continue to be infected, which will cause chronic inflammation of the endometrium of the cervical canal after entering the reproductive tract, and it will easily spread retrograde to the endometrium and tubal mucosa to damage it. Therefore, it is very necessary for women, especially young women, to receive regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases.

Breast examination:

Breast cancer is a disease that occurs mostly in women, and 80% of breast cancer cases have no clear family history. Therefore, even if your family has no history of breast cancer, you must not take it lightly. At the same time, those women with family history should pay more attention to their breasts. It is recommended to have a breast cancer examination every 1 year to 1.5 years from the age of 35 to 40.

Accurate breast examination generally adopts the method of combining visual palpation of breast with molybdenum target photography.

Mammary molybdenum target, full name mammography, also known as molybdenum palladium examination, is the first choice, the simplest and the most reliable noninvasive detection method for diagnosing breast diseases. Its pain is relatively small, simple, high resolution and good repeatability. The photographed images can be compared before and after, regardless of age and size. At present, it has been used as a routine inspection.

Its characteristic is that it can detect breast masses that doctors can't touch, especially for large breasts and breasts, and its diagnostic rate can be as high as 95%. For T0-stage breast cancer with slight calcification (clinically negative), early detection and diagnosis can be made only by soft X-ray examination, with diagnostic sensitivity of 82% ~ 89% and specificity of 87% ~ 94%.

Mammography has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, intuition, simple operation, safety and low cost. It has been recognized as one of the best methods for routine clinical examination and breast cancer prevention screening, which has made great contributions to finding early cancer, improving the diagnostic coincidence rate of breast lesions and the survival rate of patients.

Accurate blood test:

Accurate blood tests generally include thyroid function, female hormone balance, tumor markers of major cancers (such as liver, pancreas, large intestine and ovary), ABC screening of gastric cancer and connective tissue diseases, and routine items such as liver and kidney function, blood lipid, anemia and immunity. Let's focus on the first few inspection items.

1. Thyroid function examination

After middle-aged women enter menopause, there will be symptoms similar to hypothyroidism, such as high cholesterol, general fatigue and decreased desire. Because thyroid diseases are mostly female, it is best to test the thyroid hormone value before judging whether the subjects enter menopause.

2. Female hormone balance check

When women reach the age of 45 ~ 50, with the decline of ovarian function, the secretion of female hormones will also decrease accordingly. During this period, we call it menopause. This period is prone to irregular menstruation or irregular bleeding. Although it varies from person to person, the early person who enters menopause is about 40 years old, and the late person starts around 55 years old.

Once entering menopause, the pituitary gland will increase the secretion of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) due to the decrease of female hormone secretion. The role of these two is to order the ovaries with weakened function to "strengthen their work". Therefore, by measuring female hormones, LH and FSH, it can be judged whether the subject enters menopause.

3. connective tissue disease

Connective tissue disease refers to diseases involving connective tissue, including lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener granuloma, giant cell arteritis and Sjogren's syndrome. Connective tissue disease has some clinical, pathological and immunological features, such as multi-system involvement (skin, joints, muscles, heart, kidney, hematopoietic system, central nervous system, etc.). Can be involved at the same time), the course of disease is long, the condition is complex, and may be accompanied by fever, joint pain, vasculitis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increased gamma globulin.

This disease is more common in women aged 15-40, and the ratio of male to female patients is about 1:9, which should attract the attention of female groups.

4. Examination of tumor markers of major cancers

Tumor markers refer to substances that are characteristic of malignant tumor cells, or produced abnormally by malignant tumor cells, or produced by the host's stimulus response to tumors, and can reflect the occurrence and development of tumors and monitor the tumor's response to treatment. Tumor markers exist in tissues, body fluids and excreta of tumor patients and can be detected by immunological, biological and chemical methods.

Through the detection of tumor markers, we can find the early canceration of main cancer sites such as liver, pancreas, large intestine and ovary.

5. ABC method for gastric cancer screening

In the past, the combined method of serum PG and Hp antibody (ABC method) was used to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer, which could screen out the high-risk population of gastric cancer. In this method, "PG Ⅰ ≤ 70μ g/L, PGR≤3" is defined as PG positive, and serum Hp antibody titer ≥30 U/ml is defined as Hp positive.

Detection of serum pepsinogen (PG) is a serological screening. PG is an inactive precursor of pepsin. PG can be divided into two subtypes: PG Ⅰ and PG Ⅱ. When gastric mucosa atrophy, serum PG ⅰ and/or PGR (the ratio of PG ⅰ to PG ⅱ) decreased. Some studies believe that "PG Ⅰ ≤ 70μ g/L, PGR≤3" (the reference range of different detection products is different) has a good screening effect as a threshold for gastric cancer screening in asymptomatic healthy people.

Detection of Hp infection: Hp has been listed as the first carcinogen of human gastric cancer by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IACR) 1994. At present, it is considered that Hp infection is a necessary condition for the occurrence of intestinal gastric cancer (accounting for the vast majority of gastric cancer), but it is not the only condition. Therefore, detecting Hp infection has become one of the necessary screening methods in the process of gastric cancer screening.

Osteoporosis examination:

In China, about 30-35% of women and 20% of men suffer from osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a quiet epidemic, because osteoporosis can occur without any symptoms before fracture, and it mostly occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men. If you find osteoporosis, you can't rely on your own feelings. Don't wait until you find yourself with low back pain or broken bones. Because in case of osteoporosis, fracture of spine, hip and other parts, the consequences will be very serious.

Bad living habits continue to plague the health of urbanites, and osteoporosis gradually appears early.

From the age of 25 to 35, more than 50% of white-collar women have more serious bone loss than men, and the incidence rate is significantly higher than that of men.

Women feel back pain, a considerable part of which is the early symptom of osteoporosis. Nowadays, many young women are prone to osteoporosis because of dieting to lose weight, sitting more and exercising less, unbalanced diet and other reasons.

Therefore, experts in the physical examination center suggest that young, middle-aged and elderly women should have regular bone mineral density examinations to find the changes in bone mineral density as soon as possible, regardless of symptoms.

In addition, the detailed accurate examination of women will also include medical examination (such as early colorectal cancer screening, cardiopulmonary status, diabetes examination, basic examination of fat metabolism syndrome, etc.). ) and a comprehensive systematic examination of lifestyle habits such as menopause.

Accurate female physical examination, healthier Japan first.

In Japan, women's precise physical examination has become very professional and humanized, and various types of physical examination packages can meet the various needs of female guests. Remind everyone that choosing a compliant hospital or an institution like a multi-health cooperative hospital is the best choice.